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Clinical and histological features in pediatric and adolescent/young adult patients with renal disease: a cross-sectional analysis of the Japan Renal Biopsy Registry (J-RBR)

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Abstract

Background

Only a few studies have investigated epidemiological and clinicopathological information regarding pediatric and adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients with renal disease. The purpose of this study was to clarify the differences and relationship of clinicopathological findings between pediatric and AYA patients using the Japan Renal Biopsy Registry (J-RBR).

Methods

This cross-sectional study analyzed data from patients registered in the J-RBR between 2007 and 2017. Clinicopathological findings at diagnosis were analyzed for 3,463 pediatric (age < 15 years) and 6,532 AYA (age 15–30 years) patients.

Results

Although chronic nephritic syndrome was the most common clinical diagnosis at age > 5 years, nephrotic syndrome was the most frequent diagnosis at age < 4 years. The most common pathological diagnosis as classified by pathogenesis in pediatric patients was primary glomerular disease (except IgA nephropathy), whereas IgA nephropathy was increased in AYA patients. Mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis was the most common pathological diagnosis as classified by histopathology in both pediatric and AYA patients. Minor glomerular abnormalities were the most frequent histopathologic diagnoses of nephrotic syndrome in childhood, but their frequency decreased with age.

Conclusion

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of clinicopathological features of pediatric and AYA patients in a large nationwide registry of renal biopsy. There were differences of clinical, pathological and histopathologic findings between pediatric and AYA patients.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to all colleagues who participated in the J-RBR (online Appendix). This study was supported in part by the committee of the Japanese Society of Nephrology, and by a Grant-in-aid for Intractable Renal Diseases Research, Research on Rare and Intractable Diseases, Health and Labour Sciences Research Grants from the Ministry of Health Labour, and Welfare of Japan.

List of participating Centers and Investigators: Division of Cardiology, Nephrology, Pulmonology and Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University Hospital: Naoyuki Hasebe, Naoki Nakagawa; Department of Nephrology, National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Medical Center: Sekiya Shibazaki, Tomotsune Miyamoto, Masanori Ito; Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine: Saori Nishio, Daigo Nakazawa; Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine: Takayuki Okamoto, Yasuyuki Sato; Department of Pathology, KKR Sapporo Medical Center: Akira Suzuki; Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University: Norihito Moniwa, Marenao Tanaka; Sapporo City General Hospital: Yuichiro Fukasawa; Department of Nephrology, Teine Keijinkai Hospital: Hideki Takizawa; Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Iwate Prefectural Central Hospital: Jun Soma, Izaya Nakaya; Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Fukushima Medical University: Junichiro James Kazama, Kennichi Tanaka, Mizuko Tanaka; Department of Nephrology, Japan Community Health care Organization Sendai Hospital: Toshinobu Sato, Satoru Sanada, Hideaki Hashimoto; Internal Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital and affiliated hospitals: Mariko Miyazaki, Tasuku Nagasawa, Koji Okamoto; Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine: Tsuneo Konta, Kazunobu Ichikawa; Department of Pediatrics, Yamagata University School of Medicine: Daisuke Ogino; Department of Pathology, National Hospital Organization Chibahigashi National Hospital: Hiroshi Kitamura; Department of Nephrology, National Hospital Organization Chibahigashi National Hospital: Toshiyuki Imasawa; Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Chibahigashi National Hospital: Chieko Matsumura; Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Chibahigashi National Hospital: Naotake Akutsu; Department of Urology, National Hospital Organization Chiba-East Hospital: Koichi Kamura; Department of Nephrology, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center: Tetsuro Takeda; Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Dokkyo Medical University: Toshihiko Ishimitsu; Department of Nephrology and Rheumatolog, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine: Keiju Hiromura, Yoriaki Kaneko, Hidekazu Ikeuchi, Toru Sakairi; Division of Nephrology, Jichi Medical University: Daisuke Nagata, Osamu Saito, Tetsu Akimoto, Akito Maeshima; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, The Jikei University School of Medicine: Takashi Yokoo, Nobuo Tsuboi, Kentaro Koike; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Katsushika Medical Center: Yudo Tanno, Shinya Yokote; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Daisan Hospital: Yoichi Miyazaki, Hiroyuki Ueda, Masahiro Okabe, Mai Tanaka; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital: Masato Ikeda, Akihiro Shimizu; Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine: Yusuke Suzuki, Tomohito Goda, Masao Kihara, Miyuki Takagi; Division of Nephrology, Kawaguchi Municipal Medical Center: Masahiro Ishikawa; Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine: Shinya Kaname, Miho Karube, Kazuhito Fukuoka, Takahisa Kawakami; Division of Nephrology, Mito Saiseikai General Hospital: Itaru Ebihara, Chihiro Sato; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nippon Medical School: Yukinao Sakai, Akio Hirama, Akiko Mii; Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Nihon University School of Medicine: Yoshinobu Fuke, Masanori Abe; Department of Nephrology, Saitama Medical University, Faculty of Medicine: Hirokazu Okada, Tsutomu Inoue; Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Saitama Medical University, Saitama Medical Center: Takatsugu Iwashita, Yuta Kogure, Koichi Kanozawa, Hajime Hasegawa; Department of Internal Medicine, Saiyu Soka Hospital: Masamitsu Ubukata; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine: Takanori Shibata; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital: Yoshihiko Inoue; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine: Tomo Suzuki, Daisuke Ichikawa, Sayuri Shirai, Yugo Shibagaki; Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokai University School of Medicine: Takehiko Wada, Masafumi Fukagawa; Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine: Yoshihide Fujigaki; Department of Urology, Teikyo University School of Medicine: Shigeo Horie, Satoru Muto; Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center: Masaki Kobayashi, Kouichi Hirayama, Homare Shimohata; Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center: Riku Hamada; Department of General Pediatrics, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center: Hiroshi Hataya; Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Tokyo Women's Medical University: Motoshi Hattori, Kenichiro Miura, Kiyonobu Ishizuka, Naoto Kaneko; Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Women's Medical University: Kosaku Nitta, Keiko Uchida, Takahito Moriyama; Toranomon Hospital, Nephrology Center: Yoshifumi Ubara, Tatsuya Suwabe, Junichi Hoshino, Noriko Hayami; Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo: Masaomi Nangaku, Tetsuhiro Tanaka, Yoshifumi Hamasaki, Kenjiro Honda; Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tokyo: Yutaka Harita, Shoichiro Kanda, Yuko Kajiho; Department of Nephrology, University of Tsukuba: Kunihiro Yamagata, Joichi Usui, Tetsuya Kawamura; Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine: Kouichi Tamura, Hiromichi Wakui, Tomohiko Kanaoka, Ryu Kobayashi; Yokohama City University Medical Center: Nobuhito Hirawa, Sanae Saka, Akira Fujiwara; Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences: Ichiei Narita, Shin Goto, Yumi Itoh, Naofumi Imai; Department of Nephrology, Shinshu University School of Medicine: Yuji Kamijo, Koji Hashimoto, Akinori Yamaguchi, Sonoda Kosuke; Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of Yamanashi Hospital: Kazuya Takahashi, Fumihiko Furuya; Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization Kanazawa Medical Center; Kiyoki Kitagawa; Department of Nephrology, Kanazawa Medical University School of Medicine: Hitoshi Yokoyama, Keiji Fujimoto, Norifumi Hayashi; Department of Diabetology & Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University: Daisuke Koya, Munehiro Kitada, Yuka Kuroshima; Division of Nephrology, Kanazawa University Hospital: Takashi Wada, Kengo Furuichi, Miho Shimizu, Norihiko Sakai; Komatsu Sophia Hospital: Yasuhiro Katou, Yuta Yamamura; Koshino Internal Medicine Clinic: Yoshitaka Koshino; Pubulic Central Hospital of Matto-Ishikawa: Chikako Takaeda; Sugita Genpaku Memorial Obama Municipal Hospital: Haruyoshi Yoshida, Takayasu Horiguchi; Departent of Internal Medicine, Toyama Prefectural Central Hospital: Yasuyuki Shinozaki, Masahiko Kawabata; Department of Internal Medicine, Toyama City Hospital: Satoshi Ota, Yoh-ichi Ishida; Department of Nephrology, University of Fukui, Faculty of Medical Sciences: Masayuki Iwano, Naoki Takahashi, Kenji Kasuno, Daisuke Mikami; Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama: Hidenori Yamazaki; Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center: Naoya Fujita, Satoshi Hibino, Kazuki Tanaka; Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine: Yasuhiko Ito, Takuhito Nagai, Takayuki Katsuno, Hironobu Nobata; Chuno Kosei Hospital: Shogo Kimura, Yuka Soga; Fujinomiya City General Hospital: Masanori Sakakima; Department of Nephrology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine: Yukio Yuzawa, Naotake Tsuboi, Hiroki Hayashi, Kazuo Takahashi; Internal Medicine1, Division of Nephrology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, University Hospital: Hideo Yasuda, Naro Ohashi, Taichi Sato; Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daini Hospital, Kidney Center), Asami Takeda, Yasuhiro Otsuka; Nagoya City East Medical Center: Minamo Ono, Tatsuya Tomonari; Department of Cardio-Renal Medicine and Hypertension, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences: Michio Fukuda, Masashi Mizuno, Taisei Suzuki, Satoru Kominato; Department of Internal Medicine, Nagoya Kyoritsu Hospital: Hirotake Kasuga; Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine: Shoichi Maruyama, Yoshinari Yasuda, Tomoki Kosugi, Takuji Ishimoto; Department of Nephrology, Shizuoka General Hospital: Noriko Mori, Satoshi Tanaka; Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine: Tomohiro Murata, Mika Fujimoto, Kan Katayama; Division of Nephrology and Blood Purification, Japan Community Health care Organization: Yokkaichi Hazu Medeical Center Yasuhide Mizutani, Hitoshi Kodera, Masato Miyake; Department of Pathology, Hyogo Prefectural Nisihinomiya Hospital: Kazumasa Oka; Department of Nephrology, Ikeda City Hospital: Nobuyuki Kajiwara; Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Kitano Hospital, Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute: Tatsuo Tsukamoto, Tomomi Endo, Eri Muso; Division of Nephrology and Kidney Center, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine: Shinichi Nishi, Shunsuke Goto; Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine: Kazumoto Iijima, Kandai Nozu, Tomohiko Yamamura; Japan Community Health care Organization Kobe Central Hospital: Yoko Adachi, Takaaki Nishihara, Michitsugu Kamezaki; Division of Nephrology, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center: Koichi Seta, Kensei Yahata; Department of Nephrology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science: Keiichi Tamagaki, Tetsuro Kusaba, Yayoi Shiotsu; Department of Nephrology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine: Motoko Yanagita, Hideki Yokoi, Kaoru Sakai, Akira Ishii; Department of Nephrology, Nara Medical University: Kazuhiko Tsuruya, Kenichi Samejima; Division of Hypertension and Nephrology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center: Fumiki Yoshihara; Department of Nephrology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine: Katsuhito Mori, Akihiro Tsuda, Shinya Nakatani; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Osaka City General Hospital: Yoshio Konishi, Takashi Morikawa, Chizuko Kitabayashi; Division of Pediatrics, Osaka City General Hospital: Rika Fujimaru; Department of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Osaka General Medical Center: Terumasa Hayashi, Tatsuya Shoji; Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Metabolism, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital: Katsusuke Yamamoto; Department of Pediatrics, Osaka Medical College: Akira Ashida; Department of Nephrology, Osaka Red Cross Hospital: Akira Sugawara, Masao Koshikawa, Yoshihisa Ogawa, Tomoko Kawanishi; Department of Nephrology, Osaka Rosai Hospital: Atsushi Yamauchi, Katsuyuki Nagatoya, Daisuke Mori, Ryota Haga; Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine: Yoshitaka Isaka, Ryohei Yamamoto, Tomoko Namba; Division of Nephrology, Saiseikai Shiga Hospital: Toshiki Nishio; Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science: Shinichi Araki; Shirasagi Hospital Kidney Center: Shigeichi Shoji, Kenjiro Yamakawa, Senji Okuno; Division of Nephrology, Toyonaka Municipal Hospital: Megumu Fukunaga; Department of Pediatrics, Wakayama Medical University: Yuko Shima, Taketsugu Hama; Department of Nephrology, Wakayama Medical University: Takashi Shigematsu, Masaki Ohya; Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Kawasaki Medical School: Naoki Kashihara, Tamaki Sasaki, Hajime Nagasu; Division of Nephrology, Kurashiki Central Hospital: Kenichiro Asano, Motoko Kanzaki, Kosuke Fukuoka; Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima University Hospital: Takao Masaki, Shigehiro Doi, Ayumu Nakashima, Toshiki Doi; Department of Nephrology, Mizushima Kyodo Hospital: Kan Yamazaki, Nobuyoshi Sugiyama, Yuichiro Inaba, Kouji Ozeki; Department of Nephrology, Okayama Saiseikai General Hospital: Makoto Hiramatsu, Keisuke Maruyama, Noriya Momoki; Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences: Hiroshi Morinaga, Ayu Akiyama, Natsumi Uchiyama, Mariko Nishiwaki; Department of Internal Medicine, Saiseikai Yamaguchi General Hospital: Tsuyoshi Imai; Division of Nephrology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine: Takafumi Ito, Masahiro Egawa, Shohei Fukunaga; Division of Pediatrics and Perinatology, Tottori University, Faculty of Medicine: Shinichi Okada, Koichi Kitamoto, Hiroki Yokoyama, Yuko Yamada; Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine & Department of Clinical Pathology, Kagawa University, Faculty of Medicine: Tadashi Sofue, Tetsuo Minamino, Emi Ibuki; Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Kochi University, Kochi Medical School: Yoshio Terada, Taro Horino, Yoshiko Shimamura, Tatsuki Matsumoto; Department of Pediatrics, Kochi University, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University: Mikiya Fujieda, Masayuki Ishihara; Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School: Shoji Kagami, Maki Urushihara, Yukiko Kinoshita; Department of Nephrology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School: Hideharu Abe, Kojiro Nagai; Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University: Kosuke Masutani, Tetsuhiko Yasuno, Kenji Ito; Department of Pediatrics, Japanese Red Cross Fukuoka Hospital: Ken Hatae, Manao Nishimura, Hiroyo Maruyama; Nephrology and Dialysis Center, Japanese Red Cross Fukuoka Hospital: Koji Mitsuiki; Department of Nephrology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences: Masashi Mukoyama, Masataka Adachi; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine: Kei Fukami, Junko Yano; Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences: Toshiaki Nakano, Akihiro Tsuchimoto, Shunsuke Yamada, Yuta Matsukuma; Department of Environmental Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences: Yutaka Kiyohara, Toshiharu Ninomiya, Masaharu Nagata; Division of Nephrology, Miyazaki Prefectural Miyazaki Hospital: Naoko Yokota-Ikeda, Keiko Kodama; Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University Hospital: Takashi Taguchi; Department of Nephrology, Nagasaki University Hospital: Tomoya Nishino, Yoko Obata, Tadashi Uramatsu; Kidney Unit, National Fukuoka Higashi Medical Center: Ritsuko Katafuchi; National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center: Masaru Nakayama; Division of Nephrology, Oitaken Kouseiren Tsurumi Hospital: Ryokichi Yasumori; Department of Internal Medicine, Saga University, Faculty of Medicine: Motoaki Miyazono, Eriko Nonaka, Shuichi Rikitake, Makoto Fukuda; St. Mary's Hospital: Harumichi Higashi; Division of Nephrology, University of Miyazaki Hospital: Shouichi Fujimoto, Yuji Sato, Masao Kikuchi, Akihiro Minakawa; Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health: Masahito Tamura, Tetsu Miyamoto; Department of Cardiology, Nephrology and Neurology, University of the Ryukyus Graduate School of Medicine: Yusuke Ohya, Kentaro Kohagura.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Kuramoto-cho 3-18-15, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan

    Maki Urushihara

  2. Deparment of Internal Medicine, Sendai Hospital of East Japan Railway Company, Sendai, Japan

    Hiroshi Sato

  3. Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan

    Akira Shimizu

  4. Department of Human Resource Development of Dialysis Therapy for Kidney Disease, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan

    Hitoshi Sugiyama

  5. Department of Nephrology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan

    Hitoshi Yokoyama

  6. Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Metropolitan Children’s Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan

    Hiroshi Hataya & Riku Hamada

  7. Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Children’s Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan

    Kentaro Matsuoka

  8. Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

    Takayuki Okamoto

  9. Department of Pediatrics, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan

    Daisuke Ogino

  10. Depatment of Pediatric Nephrology, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan

    Kenichiro Miura & Motoshi Hattori

  11. Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Aichi Children’s Health and Medical Center, Obu, Japan

    Satoshi Hibino

  12. Department of Pediatrics, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama City, Wakayama, Japan

    Yuko Shima

  13. Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan

    Tomohiko Yamamura

  14. Division of Pediatrics and Perinatology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan

    Koichi Kitamoto

  15. Department of Pediatrics, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan

    Masayuki Ishihara

  16. Division of Pediatrics, Department of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan

    Takao Konomoto

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  1. Maki Urushihara
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  2. Hiroshi Sato
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  18. Motoshi Hattori
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Consortia

the Committee for Renal Biopsy and Disease Registry of the Japanese Society of Nephrology

  • Naoyuki Hasebe
  • , Naoki Nakagawa
  • , Sekiya Shibazaki
  • , Tomotsune Miyamoto
  • , Masanori Ito
  • , Saori Nishio
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  • , Norihito Moniwa
  • , Marenao Tanaka
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  • , Hideki Takizawa
  • , Jun Soma
  • , Izaya Nakaya
  • , Junichiro James Kazama
  • , Kennichi Tanaka
  • , Mizuko Tanaka
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  • , Satoru Sanada
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  • , Mariko Miyazaki
  • , Tasuku Nagasawa
  • , Koji Okamoto
  • , Tsuneo Konta
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  • , Daisuke Ogino
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  • , Toshiyuki Imasawa
  • , Chieko Matsumura
  • , Naotake Akutsu
  • , Koichi Kamura
  • , Tetsuro Takeda
  • , Toshihiko Ishimitsu
  • , Keiju Hiromura
  • , Yoriaki Kaneko
  • , Hidekazu Ikeuchi
  • , Toru Sakairi
  • , Daisuke Nagata
  • , Osamu Saito
  • , Tetsu Akimoto
  • , Akito Maeshima
  • , Takashi Yokoo
  • , Nobuo Tsuboi
  • , Kentaro Koike
  • , Yudo Tanno
  • , Shinya Yokote
  • , Yoichi Miyazaki
  • , Hiroyuki Ueda
  • , Masahiro Okabe
  • , Mai Tanaka
  • , Masato Ikeda
  • , Akihiro Shimizu
  • , Yusuke Suzuki
  • , Tomohito Goda
  • , Masao Kihara
  • , Miyuki Takagi
  • , Masahiro Ishikawa
  • , Shinya Kaname
  • , Miho Karube
  • , Kazuhito Fukuoka
  • , Takahisa Kawakami
  • , Itaru Ebihara
  • , Chihiro Sato
  • , Yukinao Sakai
  • , Akio Hirama
  • , Akiko Mii
  • , Yoshinobu Fuke
  • , Masanori Abe
  • , Hirokazu Okada
  • , Tsutomu Inoue
  • , Takatsugu Iwashita
  • , Yuta Kogure
  • , Koichi Kanozawa
  • , Hajime Hasegawa
  • , Masamitsu Ubukata
  • , Takanori Shibata
  • , Yoshihiko Inoue
  • , Tomo Suzuki
  • , Daisuke Ichikawa
  • , Sayuri Shirai
  • , Yugo Shibagaki
  • , Takehiko Wada
  • , Masafumi Fukagawa
  • , Yoshihide Fujigaki
  • , Shigeo Horie
  • , Satoru Muto
  • , Masaki Kobayashi
  • , Kouichi Hirayama
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  • , Riku Hamada
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  • , Motoshi Hattori
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  • , Naoto Kaneko
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  • , Tetsuya Kawamura
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  • , Keisuke Maruyama
  • , Noriya Momoki
  • , Hiroshi Morinaga
  • , Ayu Akiyama
  • , Natsumi Uchiyama
  • , Mariko Nishiwaki
  • , Tsuyoshi Imai
  • , Takafumi Ito
  • , Masahiro Egawa
  • , Shohei Fukunaga
  • , Shinichi Okada
  • , Koichi Kitamoto
  • , Hiroki Yokoyama
  • , Yuko Yamada
  • , Tadashi Sofue
  • , Tetsuo Minamino
  • , Emi Ibuki
  • , Yoshio Terada
  • , Taro Horino
  • , Yoshiko Shimamura
  • , Tatsuki Matsumoto
  • , Mikiya Fujieda
  • , Masayuki Ishihara
  • , Shoji Kagami
  • , Maki Urushihara
  • , Yukiko Kinoshita
  • , Hideharu Abe
  • , Kojiro Nagai
  • , Kosuke Masutani
  • , Tetsuhiko Yasuno
  • , Kenji Ito
  • , Ken Hatae
  • , Manao Nishimura
  • , Hiroyo Maruyama
  • , Koji Mitsuiki
  • , Masashi Mukoyama
  • , Masataka Adachi
  • , Kei Fukami
  • , Junko Yano
  • , Toshiaki Nakano
  • , Akihiro Tsuchimoto
  • , Shunsuke Yamada
  • , Yuta Matsukuma
  • , Yutaka Kiyohara
  • , Toshiharu Ninomiya
  • , Masaharu Nagata
  • , Naoko Yokota-Ikeda
  • , Keiko Kodama
  • , Takashi Taguchi
  • , Tomoya Nishino
  • , Yoko Obata
  • , Tadashi Uramatsu
  • , Ritsuko Katafuchi
  • , Masaru Nakayama
  • , Ryokichi Yasumori
  • , Motoaki Miyazono
  • , Eriko Nonaka
  • , Shuichi Rikitake
  • , Makoto Fukuda
  • , Harumichi Higashi
  • , Shouichi Fujimoto
  • , Yuji Sato
  • , Masao Kikuchi
  • , Akihiro Minakawa
  • , Masahito Tamura
  • , Tetsu Miyamoto
  • , Yusuke Ohya
  •  & Kentaro Kohagura

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Maki Urushihara.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

All procedures performed in the J-RBR involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee at which the studies were conducted (IRB Approval Number 3570 at the Ethics Committee of Tokushima University Graduate School) and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in this study.

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Committee for Renal Biopsy and Disease Registry of the Japanese Society of Nephrology Collaborators members are listed in the Acknowledgement section.

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Urushihara, M., Sato, H., Shimizu, A. et al. Clinical and histological features in pediatric and adolescent/young adult patients with renal disease: a cross-sectional analysis of the Japan Renal Biopsy Registry (J-RBR). Clin Exp Nephrol 25, 1018–1026 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10157-021-02077-w

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