Skip to main content
Log in

Self-assembly of avian φ-keratins

  • Published:
Journal of Protein Chemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Solubilized proteins from avian epidermal structures are heterogeneous in sequence, share a common tertiary structure, and have similar tissue-specific molecular weights. The proteins, in the thiol (SH-) form, will self-associate in urea-free, neutral-pH, low-salt buffers and form tonofilaments indistinguishable from native filaments. The mechanics of these processes are similar to those of the α-keratins of various mammalian tissues, although the size and nature of the subunit, filament geometry, and relation to tissue morphology are different.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Boyer, P. D. (1954). Spectrophotometric study of the reaction of protein sulfhydryl groups with organic mercurials.J. Am. Chem. Soc. 76, 4331–4337.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brush, A. H. (1975). Molecular heterogeneity and the structure of feathers. In Markert, C. H. (ed.),Isozymes, Vol. 4, Academic Press, New York, pp. 901–914.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Brush, A. H. (1976). Waterfowl feather proteins: Analysis of use in taxonomic studies.J. Zool. 179, 467–498.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brush, A. H. (1978a). Feather keratins. In Brush, A. H. (ed.),Chemical Zoology (Aves), Vol. X, Academic Press, New York, pp. 141–164.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brush, A. H. (1978b). Structural aspects of the speculum of MallardAnas platyrhynchos. Ibis 120 523–526.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brush A. H. (1980a). Chemical heterogeneity in keratin proteins of avian epidermal structure: Possible relations to structure and function. In Spearman, R. I. C. (ed.), The Skin of Vertebrates, Symp. Linnean Soc. Lond.9, 87–109.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brush, A. H. (1980b). Patterns in the amino acid composition of avian epidermal proteins.Auk 97, 742–753.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brush, A. H., and Wyld, J. A. (1982). Molecular organization of avian epidermal structures.Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 73B, 313–325.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Busch, N. E., and Brush, A. H. (1979). Avian feather keratins: Molecular aspects of structural heterogeneity.J. Exp. Zool. 210, 39–49.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Darskus, R. L. (1972). Electrophoretic and chromatographic characterization of sulphur-rich proteins from wool.J. Chromatogr. 64, 341–348.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Erickson, H. P., and Pantaloni, D. (1981). The role of subunit entropy in cooperative assembly.Biophys. J. 34, 293–309.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Filshie, B. K., Fraser, R. D. B., MacRae, T. P., and Rogers, G. E. (1964). X-ray diffraction and electron-microscope observations on soluble derivatives of feather keratin.Biochem. J. 92, 19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fraser, R. D. B., and MacRae, T. (1963). Structural organization in feather keratin.J. Mol. Biol. 7, 272–280.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fraser, R. D. B. and MacRae, T. (1973).Conformation in Fiberous Proteins and Related Synthetic Polypeptides, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fraser, R. D. B., and MacRae, T. (1976). The molecular structure of feather keratin. InProc. 16th Int. Ornithol. Congress, Canberra (1974). Aust. Acad. Sci., Canberra, ACT, Australia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fraser, R. D. B., and MacRae, T. (1980). Molecular structure and mechanical properties of keratins.Symp. Soc. Exp. Biol. 34, 211–246.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fraser, R. D. B., MacRae, T. P., and Rogers, G. E. (1972).Keratins, C. C. Thomas, Springfield, Illinois.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fuchs, E. V., Coppock, S. M., Green, H., and Cleveland, D. W. (1981). Two distinct classes of keratin genes and their evolutionary signifiance. Cell27, 75–84.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kemp, D. J., and Rogers, G. E. (1972). Differentiation of avian keratinocytes. Characterization and relationships of keratin proteins of adult and embryonic feathers and scales.Biochemistry 11, 969–975.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kilisson, R. (1970). Biomolecular structure, limits and pathways of evolution.FEBS Symp. 21, 255–266.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lazarides, E. (1980). Intermediate filaments as mechanical integrators of cellular space.Nature 283, 249–256.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lazarides, E. (1981). Intermediate filaments—Chemical heterogeneity in differentiation.Cell 23, 649–650.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Marshall, R. C., and Gillespie, J. M. (1976). High-sulfur proteins from α-keratins. 1. Heterogeneity of the proteins from mouse hair.Aust. J. Biol. Sci. 29, 1–10.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Matulionis, D. H. (1970). Morphology of the developing down feather of chick embryos.Z. Anat. Entwickl.-Gesch. 132, 107–157.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • O'Donnell, I. J. (1972). A search for a simple keratin-fractionation and peptide mapping of proteins from feather keratins.Aust. J. Biol. Sci. 26, 401–413.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Powell, B. C., and Rogers, G. E. (1979). Isolation of messenger RNA coding for the “fast” protein of embryonic chick feathers.Nucleic Acids Res. 7, 2165–2176.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Renner, W., Franke, W. W., Schmid, E., Geisler, H., Weber, K., and Maudelkow, E. (1981). Reconstitution of intermediate-sized filaments from denatured monomeric vimentin.J. Mol. Biol. 149, 285–306.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rogers, G. E. (1978). Keratins viewed at the nucleic acid level.Trends Biochem. Sci. 3, 131–133.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rougvie, M. A. (1954). Ph.D. Dissertation, MIT (unpublished).

  • Sengel, P. (1976). Morphogenesis of the skin. InDevelopmental and Cell Biology, No. 3, Cambridge University Press.

  • Steinert, P. M., Idler, W. M., and Zimmerman, S. B. (1976). Self-assembly of bovine epidermal Keratin fibersin vitro.J. Mol. Biol. 108, 547–567.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stewart, M. (1977). The structure of chicken scale keratin.J. Ultrastruct. Res. 60, 27–33.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Walker, I. D., and Rogers, G. E. (1976). Differentiation in avian keratinocytes.Eur. J. Biochem. 69, 329–339.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Westover, C. J., Tiffany, M. L. T., and Krimm, S. (1962). Studies on the structure of feather keratin. III. Optical rotatory dispersion of soluble keratin.J. Mol. Biol. 4, 316–318.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Brush, A.H. Self-assembly of avian φ-keratins. J Protein Chem 2, 63–75 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01025168

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01025168

Key words

Navigation