Schistosome eggs stimulate reactive oxygen species production to enhance M2 macrophage differentiation and promote hepatic pathology in schistosomiasis
Fig 6
SEA stimulate ROS production of macrophages by NADPH oxidase and mitochondria.
(A) J774A.1 cells were pretreated with Syk inhibitor R406 and then stimulated with PBS or 40 μg/m SEA for 24 hours. Cells were collected and whole cell lysates were extracted for detecting Syk, p-Syk, and Nox2 by immunoblotting. GAPDH was used as an internal control. (B) J774A.1 cells were stimulated with PBS or 40 μg/m SEA for 24 hours. Mitochondrial membrane potentials and ROS in cells were measured by FCM analysis using TMRM and MitoSOX, respectively. Data are representative of two independent experiments, each with triplicates.