Reduction of the HIV Protease Inhibitor-Induced ER Stress and Inflammatory Response by Raltegravir in Macrophages
Figure 3
Effect of raltegravir on HIV PI-induced apoptosis in macrophages.
Mouse J774A.1 cells were treated with lopinavir (LOPV, 25 µM) or ritonavir (RITV, 25 µM) with or without raltegravir (25 µM) for 24 h. At the end of treatment, the images of cells were taken using an Olympus microscope equipped with an image recorder. Cell viability was assessed with the TC10 cell counter (BioRad) and with the use of trypan blue. (A). Representative images of each treatment group. (B). Viable cell numbers from each treatment group. Values are mean ± S.E. of three independent experiments. ***, p<0.001, statistical significance relative to vehicle control. ###, p<0.001, statistical significance of HIV PI+raltegravir-treated group relative to HIV PI-treated group. (C). Human THP-1-derived macrophages were treated with different concentrations of HIV PIs (15 or 25 µM), lopinavir (LOPV), ritonavir (RITV) with or without raltegravir (25 µM) for 24 h. The apoptotic and necrotic cells were stained with Annexin V-FITC/Propidium Iodide and monitored as described in “Methods”. The representative images for each treatment are shown.