Increased Levels of Inflammatory Cytokines and Endothelin-1 in Alveolar Macrophages from Patients with Chronic Heart Failure
Figure 2
Levels of inflammatory mediators in pulmonary and femoral artery and after stimulation of alveolar macrophages.
A. Plasma levels of ET-1, TNFα, IL-6 and MCP-1 in femoral and pulmonary artery in HF patients (n = 15) and controls (n = 10). Plasma levels of the various cytokines were measured by EIA. B. Release of ET-1, TNFα and IL-6 in alveolar macrophages from healthy controls (n = 5) that were cultured for 5 and 24 hours (h) with or without LPS (100 ng/mL), Pam3Cys (1 µg/mL), isoproterenol (20 µM) and IL-1β (5 ng/mL). Cytokine levels in supernatants were measured by EIA. Data are mean±SEM. *p<0.05, **p<0.01 and ***p<0.001 versus controls or unstimulated (US) cell, respectively.