March 30th, 2020
Dr. Joerg Heber, Editor-in-Chief
PLoS ONE
Dear Dr. Herber,
I am writing to submit our revised manuscript (PONE-D-19-30260) entitled Elevation
and latitude drives structure and tree species composition in Andean forests: results
from a large-scale plot Network for consideration for publication in PLoS ONE. We
are very thankful for your comments and those of the reviewers as they have allowed
us to improve our manuscript. We have carefully considered each of them and addressed
all of them. In this sense, we have made clear the point about data availability as
well as we have improved the discussion concerning the major results. Please find
below the detailed responses to each comment. Line and Page numbers referred correspond
to the revised manuscript with track changes.
With best regards,
Dra. Agustina Malizia (On behalf of all authors)
Instituto de Ecología Regional (IER) (CONICET-UNT)
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Editor Comments
Please seriously consider the concerns of the referees and make revisions according
to their suggestions, especially you should pay attention to comments about data availability
(this is also clearly required by the journal) and the discussions on the major results.
Response: We have paid attention to all comments made by both reviewers, incorporated
all of them in the manuscript, and responded to each one in detailed. Please, see
below.
Reviewers' comments:
Reviewer's Responses to Questions
Comments to the Author
1. Is the manuscript technically sound, and do the data support the conclusions?
The manuscript must describe a technically sound piece of scientific research with
data that supports the conclusions. Experiments must have been conducted rigorously,
with appropriate controls, replication, and sample sizes. The conclusions must be
drawn appropriately based on the data presented.
Reviewer #1: Yes
Reviewer #2: Partly ________________________________________
2. Has the statistical analysis been performed appropriately and rigorously?
Reviewer #1: I Don't Know
Reviewer #2: Yes________________________________________3. Have the authors made all
data underlying the findings in their manuscript fully available?
The PLOS Data policy requires authors to make all data underlying the findings described
in their manuscript fully available without restriction, with rare exception (please
refer to the Data Availability Statement in the manuscript PDF file). The data should
be provided as part of the manuscript or its supporting information, or deposited
to a public repository. For example, in addition to summary statistics, the data points
behind means, medians and variance measures should be available. If there are restrictions
on publicly sharing data—e.g. participant privacy or use of data from a third party—those
must be specified.
Reviewer #1: No
Reviewer #2: Yes
________________________________________
4. Is the manuscript presented in an intelligible fashion and written in Standard
English?
PLOS ONE does not copyedit accepted manuscripts, so the language in submitted articles
must be clear, correct, and unambiguous. Any typographical or grammatical errors should
be corrected at revision, so please note any specific errors here.
Reviewer #1: Yes
Reviewer #2: Yes ________________________________________
5. Review Comments to the Author
Please use the space provided to explain your answers to the questions above. You
may also include additional comments for the author, including concerns about dual
publication, research ethics, or publication ethics. (Please upload your review as
an attachment if it exceeds 20,000 characters)
Reviewer #1:
General remarks:
This paper reports on trends in stem number, basal area and species diversity patterns
for trees in a series of plots spanning ~4000 km of latitude and 4000 m of elevation
range. The results are a useful addition to the analysis of trends in the physical
and biological structure of Andean forests. In general, I found the manuscript clearly
written and not over-reaching in its conclusions.
I believe that most last contribution of this manuscript would be the publication
of the data upon which all the analyses were conducted. Unfortunately, it appears
that this manuscript does not meet PLOS One standards of data availability. The authors
state that “All relevant data are within the manuscript and its Supporting Information
files.”, and that “We used the Andean Forest Network (Red de Bosques Andinos, www.redbosques.condesan.org/) database which, at present, includes 491 forest plots (totaling 156.3 ha, ranging
from 0.01 to 6 ha) representing a total of 86,964 tree stems ≥ 10 cm diameter at breast
height belonging to 2341 identified species, 584 genera and 133 botanical families.”
This is a manuscript analyzing Andean forest tree structure and diversity. The data
used are what the authors describe above, i.e. size, location and identification data
on 86,964 tree stems. It appears that the data on these individual stems are not,
contrary to what the authors state, presented in either the manuscript or in the Supporting
Information. I followed the link to the Red de Bosques Andinos and was not able to
find any of the individual stem data. I did find a link to “datos” (data in Spanish),
but that led only to plot metadata, not to the actual data.
In summary, even with a diligent effort I was unable to find the data on which this
manuscript is based. If somehow the stem data are in fact publicly accessible without
restriction somewhere, they are not easily findable even with reasonable effort. The
authors should clearly show exactly where the individual stem data can be freely accessed
with no restrictions.
Response: In Table S1 we included: i) number of stems, ii) basal area (both extrapolated
to 1-ha) and iii) species richness for each of the 491 plots. Additionally, in Appendix
1 we reported the abundance of tree species per country. This information constitutes
the primary input used in the analyses to describe the main structural and compositional
trends across the Andean forests. Thus, we included the following text in the manuscript
to make explicitly clear that the information upon which replicate the analyses is
available in the supporting information: “All relevant data upon which all the presented
results in this manuscript are based on is included in its Supporting Information
files…”. (P13, L296-300). We also clarified that the link to Red de Bosques Andinos
(https://redbosques.condesan.org/) is to check general information about the Network (P11, L230-231).
The authors state “The plot data that support the findings of this study are available
from Andean Forests Network upon reasonable request”, so it appears to me that the
data are not publicly available without restriction. PLoS ONE’s data availability
policy states: “PLoS journals require authors to make all data necessary to replicate
their study’s findings publicly available without restriction at the time of publication.”
To replicate the study’s findings requires access to the individual stem data. Unless
public access without restriction is provided the manuscript is not acceptable according
to PLoS ONE’s standards.
Response: In order to replicate the study, the information needed is the following:
i) number of stems, ii) basal area and iii) species richness for each of the 491 plots
which, and as we stated previously, it is provided in the supporting files. To avoid
confusion, we have deleted the sentence: “The plot data that support the findings
of this study are available from Andean Forests Network upon reasonable request”.
In the case of this manuscript complying with PLoS ONE’s data policy is not an onerous
requirement. Stem data for 87,000 individuals is not large dataset and the data could
easily be included as a table in the Supporting Information. An example from PLoS
One is Clark et al. 2017 https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0183819#sec013. In their S1 Table those authors provide individual stem data for size, location
and taxonomic identity of ~80,000 individual census measurements, which is a similar-size
data set. I strongly encourage the authors to include the individual stem data as
a table in Supporting Information so that the exact version of the dataset that they
used to generate the paper is archived with the paper. Data in a dataset of this nature
are constantly and very correctly changing as errors are detected and corrected and
as taxonomic concepts evolve. It would be difficult in the future to recreate these
analyses unless the version of the database at the time of these analyses is published.
Such publication of the freely available base data is a PLoS ONE requirement for publication,
and it is also best scientific practice.
Response: We understand the reviewer's request; however, as explained above, the data
required to replicate this research is available in the supporting information included
in the manuscript. Also, the Andean Forest Network dataset belongs to the different
research groups that are part of the Network. Currently, these research groups are
implementing projects and research with master's and doctoral students based in part
on the same information presented here. It is not our intention to hinder research
initiatives that require an embargo of the data until the different research projects
are complete, making the base information available.
My pdf copy of the manuscript lost line numbering after line 274, so after that I
use the page numbers of my pdf copy to reference comments.
Response: We added line numbers until the end of the manuscript. Apparently, lines
were missing after number 274 as the reviewer stated. We apologize for the inconveniences.
It is unclear how many individuals were analyzed. The Abstract states 86,964 stems,
but on page 26 a total of 97,054 stems is mentioned. It is not clear if the 86,964
applies only to the analyses involving taxonomic identity. I assume that the total
97,054 stems were used in the analyses of basal area and stem number, there is no
reason to discard individuals for these analyses. In any case the sample size for
each set of analyses must be clarified.
Response: Corrected. We added a clarifying sentence: For calculations of stem density
and basal area we used all stems ≥10 cm DBH (n = 97,054) while for species richness
we used stems ≥10 cm identified to species level (n = 86,964) (P16, L337-339). We
also clarified this in the abstract: “…representing a total of 86,964 identified stems
≥ 10 cm diameter…” (P4, L74-75).
The authors are very aware of the issues of plot size and its effects on scaling to
larger spatial scales. They are clear that they omitted many very small plots (<0.1
ha) from their analyses. However the analyzed plots are located in mountainous terrain,
and are likely spatially biased towards rare flat areas. In addition, most (all?)
of the plots were subjectively sited (not sited using a spatially random protocol)
and may be subject to the “majestic forest” bias. It would be useful for the authors
to provide their opinion of the effects on non-random plot placements on these results.
Response: Forest plots may not have been located strictly at random thus is challenging
to guarantee that some of them were not subject to the majestic forest bias. However,
forest plots setup were based on the combination of several factors: (1) accessibility,
(2) sustainable over time to ensure long term monitoring for some plots, and (3) homogeneity
in terms of forest type, topography, and disturbances in order to be representative
of particular forest types. We clarified this in text (P13, L275-278). In this sense,
we have stated that: “The majority of the plots are placed in mature forests, but
the Network also includes several older secondary forests plots, i.e. > 30 years old
as a result of human activities and the associated land-use changes” (P13 279-281).
Concerning the majestic forest bias, small plots may be subjected to this effect showing
higher estimated values of basal area (Phillips et al. 2002). In this sense, in the
result section we have reported that “Plot size had a significant effect on basal
area, small plots of 0.1-ha tended to present higher basal area than 1-ha plots (Appendix
1) (P19 L396-397). However, taking into account the three variables combined, the
variance explain is less than 10%, as we have stated: “Combined, elevation, latitude
and plot size explained 9.5% of the variation in basal area” (P19 L398). Finally,
in the discussion section we added: “…as well as majestic forest effect could be expected
in these small plots (P24 L504-505).
Phillips OL, Malhi Y, Vinceti B, Baker T, Lewis SL, Higuchi N, ... & Ferreira LV.
(2002). Changes in growth of tropical forests: evaluating potential biases. Ecological
Applications, 12(2), 576-587.
Other comments:
I suggested deleting lines 230-241, this section is not directly relevant to the reported
research.
Response: Agreed, we deleted it.
Table 1. Clarify if temperature and rainfall are annual averages. This table would
be easier to read with vertical lines separating the variables, and “Min” and “Max”
over each of those columns.
Response: Done. We clarify in the legend of Table 1 (P15, L312) that we referred to
total annual rainfall and mean annual temperature. Also, we added vertical lines in
this table, and “min” and “max” as suggested. Additionally, in legend of Table S1
we also clarified that we referred to total annual rainfall and mean annual temperature.
Page 22. Spell out CHELSA. Rapid variation in environmental gradients is well known
in tropical mountain area. Are there any site-specific data to check the accuracy
of the predicted climate with actual climate on the ground?
Response: We spelled out CHELSA as “Climatologies at high resolution for the Earth’s
land surface areas” (P16 L318). We were not able to corroborate the accuracy of the
predicted climate with actual climate on the ground. In this sense, Andean precipitation
patterns are currently not yet well described, due to the high spatio-temporal variability
and low density of rain gauges, thus we expect some underestimations and overestimations
in precipitation values (Urrutia and Vuille 2009; Buytaert et al. 2010). Nevertheless,
we believe we have used the best available climatic information to describe general
climatic patterns across Andean forest plots.
Buytaert, W., Vuille, M., Dewulf, A., Urrutia, R., Karmalkar, A. & Célleri, R. (2010)
Uncertainties in climate change projections and regional downscaling in the tropical
Andes: implications for water resources management. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 14,
1247-1258
The whole paragraph on page 22 on climate data reads like climate was actually measured
on the ground. In fact climate variables were predicted from remotely sensed data,
with an unknown (or unreported) degree of uncertainty. All of these data should be
labeled as “estimated” or “predicted” to make clear that actual ground-measured data
are not being reported. It’s fine to report remotely sensed data, but the manuscript
should be clear that is what’s being reported. Based on this manuscript there is no
way to know how good these estimates are at the plot level. If the authors in fact
do know the accuracy of these predictions it would be useful to report that.
Response: We rephrased the information within this paragraph adding the word estimated
and predicted in order to make clear that it was remotely sensed data information
(P16, L317-324).
Figure 3 caption, B, change “climate” to “estimated annual rainfall”. What is the
reason for the inverted scale on panel B? All the other scales are linear increasing,
so this exception is confusing. I suggest plotting plot B like the other variables,
both variables increasing from the origin.
Response: We showed the inverted scale on Fig 3B (y axis = temperature) to emphasize
illustratively the location of plots associated with elevation and temperature, i.e.
higher plots are also the colder ones and are graphed in similar position in both
panels (Fig 3A, B). We also clarified it (i.e. inverted scale) in the legend of Fig
3 (P19, L387).
Figure 4. Move Elevation and Latitude to the top of each column rather than below
(it’s confusing as presented since the columns are of unequal length).
Response: Done. We moved Axis X (Elevation and Latitude) above to the top of each
column
Table 2. Add units to the column headings were these are missing.
Response: Done. We added the symbol “#” (number) in two of the columns.
Figure 4 is confusing. What is the difference between panels E and G? The text states
that “Species richness decreased with latitude (Fig 4E-F)” but panel E is based on
elevation, not latitude. Please clarify in the text and in the figure legend.
Response: Done. We clarified that Fig 4F is the one that refers to latitude (P19,
L399-400). Fig 4E does not distinguish between tropical and subtropical sections,
while Fig 4G does distinguish between tropics and subtropics taking into account only
1ha-plots (n = 109). This is stated in text (P19, 403-406).
Consider replacing “hump-shaped elevational pattern of tree species richness” with
“mid-elevation peak in species diversity”.
Response: Done. We replaced as suggested.
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Reviewer #1: Yes: David B. Clark
Reviewer #2: No
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Reviewer #2: I liked the manuscript and the overall approach. I also enjoy reading
synthesis-based analyses that are based on field-plot data. I also think this particular
plot network has an enormous potential for future work and research to support conservation
and management of Andean forests. However, in its current form, this work requires
more analytical thinking, especially to discuss the main findings and the causal mechanisms
behind the patterns that were reported. See the attached file for detailed comments.
Manuscript Review PLOS ONE (PONE-D-19-30260)
Structural and compositional trends along elevation and latitude gradients of Andean
forests By Malizia et al…
General comments:
This study is based on data collected from an impressive number of research sites,
between temporary and permanent forest plots, located in different parts of the Andes
in South America, an important biological hotspot that has received less attention
compared to lowland forests. Broadly, this paper takes advantage of the wide and complex
environmental range covered by the dataset to address the questions of the combined
effects of elevation and latitude on the structure and tree species composition of
Andean forests. By means of generalized models, the authors found that forest density
(i.e. number of trees or stems per unit of area) increased with elevation with an
opposite effect from latitude. The differences in species richness found between tropical
and subtropical Andes are not surprising and are aligned with previous studies. However,
the degree of similarity (or dissimilarity) in terms of species diversity in these
two broad regions within the Andes was an interesting finding. The authors very well
highlight the immense value that this Andean plot-network (i.e. Red de Bosques Andinos)
has for strengthening scientific research in the region and promote collaboration.
These are not ‘novel’ questions but given the amount of data used, especially compared
to an earlier study from the same group (Baez et al. 2015 PLoS ONE), I find the paper
of high interest for many scientists and forest ecologists, and readers of PLoS ONE.
However, in its current form this manuscript remains largely descriptive and a better
explanation of the causal mechanisms behind how elevation and/or latitude drives structure
and composition is missing. The implications of the results to other aspects of forest
structure (e.g. carbon) or dynamics (e.g. stem turnover) could be added too. I think
the paper should be improved, especially in the discussion section, before being considered
for publication. I am pointing out several comments, questions, and occasionally,
a few suggestions, that could help moving this paper forward.
Response: We appreciate the reviewer effort for improving the manuscript. We have
incorporated all comments and addressed each one in detail below.
Typesetting and formatting:
I don’t normally pay too much attention to these aspects at this stage. However, I
strongly recommend the paper by checked for type setting errors, and the written structure
of some paragraphs is reviewed to help the reader. Details are offered below indicating
page and line numbers. Yet, as a direct note to the authors, in the pdf version I
had access to there was no line number after page 13 of the document (after Table
1), and at line 275 (Table 1), the page number starts again with 1. For this section
then I will be referring my comments using these numbers while trying to point out
the paragraph number and a few words in the sentence to facilitate the review process.
Response: Done. We added continuous line numbers after line 274, until the end of
the manuscript.
Title:
I suggest the title to be more directly linked with the results (e.g. Elevation and
latitude drives structure and tree species composition in Andean forests). As I will
mention later, the manuscript includes in the discussion a long portion about the
value of the plot network that I am not sure if is relevant. However, if the authors
decide to keep it, maybe a change in the title should also reflect this (e.g. Elevation
and latitude drives structure and tree species composition in Andean forests: results
from a large-scale plot network).
Response: We have changed the title as suggested.
Abstract:
This section needs to be modified a bit. In particular, the reader will benefit from
having more specific results being mentioned in the abstract. For example, there is
an important aspect of the study related to plot size and its effects on the results
that is not mentioned here.
Response: Agreed. We added a sentence to refer to plot size effect: Overall, plots
~ 0.5-ha or larger may be preferred for describing patterns at regional scales in
order to avoid plot size effects (P4, L81-82).
Page 4, Lines 68 - 69: “…Here, we assessed patterns of Andean forest tree structure
and diversity along ~ 4000 km of latitude and ~ 4000 m of elevation range…”. Consider
changing to: “…In this study, we assessed patterns of structure and tree species diversity
across a wide altitudinal and latitudinal range in Andean forests…”
Response: We changed it as suggested.
Page 4, Line 75: “…Subtropical forests have distinct composition from tropical forests...”
Consider changing to: “…Subtropical forests have distinct tree species composition
compared to those in the tropical region…”
Response: We changed it as suggested.
Introduction:
Page 4, L83: “Indeed, the Tropical Andes…”. The region is already mentioned in the
first sentence. Just start the line with something like “…Indeed, this region is one
of the most diverse terrestrial hotspots on earth [1]…”
Response: We changed it as suggested.
Page 5, L86: “…that have not been described yet…” Change to: “…that have not yet been
described…”.
Response: We changed it as suggested.
P5 L87-90: There are two different sentences, with different citations too, that mention
“climate regulation”. Unify or combined these statements avoiding repetition.
Response: We combined both sentences.
P5 L92-95: Again, two sentences discuss similar aspects, specifically about social
aspects (i.e. “population growth” and “economic, and cultural factors”). Consider
simplifying this paragraph. Also, is not clear what “contrasting patterns of human
population growth” means? Please clarify.
Response: We combined both sentences.
P5 L96: “Changes to Andean forests…” Changes in what? Forest cover? Structure? I don’t
think the word “patterns” fits here. Consider something like: “…Changes in Andean
forest cover includes both forest expansion, mostly frequent above 2000 masl) and
deforestation that often dominates at lower elevations [12]…”
Response: We changed it as suggested.
P5 L102: “…are already undergoing…” Change to: “…experiencing an apparent shift in
species composition (i.e…)”
Response: We changed as suggested.
P5 L104: Are these predicted shifts for plant species, animal species? Please clarify.
Response: Predicted shifts are for vascular plant species. We clarified it.
P6 L109-114: I am not sure if this whole paragraph fits here. Are those “knowledge
gaps” related to the study? I understand the importance of collaborative research
networks but the next paragraph (L116) immediately start discussing the effects of
elevation on tree density. Consider removing this paragraph or in any case a connecting
sentence is needed before you jump to the density portion.
Response: Knowledge gaps are related to the study. We clarified this, and rephrase
the sentence adding connection to next paragraph (P6 L121-125).
P6 L121 “…subtropical section of the Andes…” Just say” “subtropical Andes…”
Response: We changed as suggested.
P6 L128: “Species richness…” All species? Plants?
Response: We referred to plant species. We clarified it.
Clarify. P7 L134: “…also showed…” -- > “…also shows the…”
Response: We changed as suggested.
P7 L135: “…being maximum…” -- > “…reaching a maximum at…”.
Response: We changed as suggested.
P7 L136: “…Argentina [38], decreasing…” -- > “…Argentina [38], while decreasing above…”.
Response: We changed as suggested.
P7 L138-140: I agree that long-term monitoring is needed, but the study do not use
or report temporal trends so how is this relevant here? Consider moving to the conclusions.
Response: We deleted as suggested.
P7 L142: “…the main structural and diversity patterns…” -- > “…the main patterns of
structure and tree species diversity in Andean forest communities…”
Response: We changed as suggested.
P7 L144: Why consider species richness as a structural component?
Response: Actually, we consider species richness within diversity patterns. We clarified
this.
P7 L148-150: “…This study…” This paragraph would fit better perhaps at the beginning
of this section in L142. Also, is not clear what do you mean about “…at regional scales
in global context...”? Perhaps just say “…This study is one of the first attempts
to describe and characterize regional patterns of forest structure and diversity in
the Andes across (go to L143)…”
Response: We moved the sentence to the beginning of the paragraph and changed as suggested.
Two major points here: 1) I think is important to highlight how is this study different
from the Baez et al study? I understand that in the 2015 paper there was no consideration
about diversity and here you use a much higher number of plots. Thus, I see the need
for making this point clear; 2) I think at the end of the introduction some general
hypotheses would be useful. What were the patterns expected considered earlier evidences?
Response: We added a sentence highlighting the progress of this analysis in relation
to Baez et al 2015, as suggested (P8, L157-158). Also, we added a general hypothesis
and two specific ones at the end of introduction section (P8, L166-172).
Materials and Methods:
P8 L155: “…Paleogene (). Subsequent…” Change to “…Paleogene (), and subsequent collisions…”.
Response: We changed as suggested.
P8 L156: The reference of Hoorn et al, 2010 does not follow PLoS guidelines (i.e.
[]). P8 L157: “…late middle…” -- > “…late mid Miocene…”
Response: We changed as suggested.
P8 L160: A citation is needed for this paragraph after “…Amazon ecosystems…”.
We added citation.
P8 L164: “…biodiversity and distribution…” -- > “…biodiversity and species distributions…”
Response: We changed as suggested.
P8 L169: “…vary gradually…” how? What does the word gradually means? I think the paragraph
that starts later in L180 of page 9 with “...The mountain forest ecosystem…” should
be moved here in support of this initial statement. In relation to this, I liked Figure
1, but I also thinks it deserves a better explanation, either in the main text or
at least as an expanded figure caption. Why these variations in forest architecture?
Some lines on temperature and radiation effects would be useful.
Response: We reorganized the paragraph, including suggestions for a better understanding
(P9 L191-206). Also the paragraph includes lines on temperature and radiation.
P9 L194: Consider using “is” instead of “has been” when referring to the objective
of the network. Response: We changed as suggested.
P9 L196-197: Delete “the” before exchange, development, strengthening.
Response: We deleted as suggested.
P10 L205-212. This whole section and the next (L215 to 212) about the protocols can
be combined, simplified and shortened.
Response: We simplified, combined and shorten both sections as suggested.
P11 L226: “…events and recorded and the DBH of marked trees are…” -- > “…events are
recorded and the DBH of marked trees is remeasured…”
Response: We changed as suggested.
P11 L230-241: I understand the importance of this section and I hugely support collaboration
and networking. I am trying to find sections that could be simplified to allow for
more space for discussion and I think this is definitely one of those parts. This
paragraph here seems out of place. It could be shortened and added to the background
section, used in a new appendix to fully describe the work of the Andean network or
simply removed. As mentioned earlier when reviewing the title of the paper, if the
goal is to highlight the value of the network a different approach would be useful,
where a more in-depth discussion about research collaboration and networking is part
of the manuscript.
Response: We deleted this section as suggested by Reviewer 1.
P12 L247: Are these values in precipitation 1901 ± 903 refers to the mean and SD?
Clarify.
Response: We clarified as suggested.
P12 L248: “…mature forest but the Network also includes a few older…” -- > “…mature
forests but the network also includes several older…
Response: We changed as suggested.
P12 L250-252: This statement about the data being available is out of place. This
should be part of the data availability statement that is one of the specific sections
asked by PLoS. Also, with regards to this there are three different statements: In
Data availability the authors express: Yes - all data are fully available without
restriction Later, when answering the questions on where this data could be found
the authors expressed “All relevant data are within the manuscript and its Supporting
Information files…”. Delete the portion in the main text and unify these statements
clearly.
Response: We deleted the incorrect statement in text as suggested and clarified that:
“All relevant data upon which all the presented results in this manuscript are based
on is included in its Supporting Information files…” (P13, L296-300). In this sense,
as mentioned before in Table S1 we included: i) number of stems, ii) basal area (both
extrapolated to 1-ha) and iii) species richness for the 491 plots. Additionally, in
Appendix 1 we reported the abundance of tree species per country. As stated before,
this information constitutes the primary input used in the analyses to describe the
main structural and compositional trends across the Andean forests. We clarified this
in text (P13, L296-300).
P12 L254: Again, the values in plot size refers to mean and SD? I don’t understand
0.32 ± 0.47 ha? How is this possible?. The same observation applies to the subsequent
parts where plot size is mentioned. Also, I don’t think is necessary to put ± 0 whenever
the plot size remains constant in some regions/countries.
Response: We clarified that values in plot size refers to mean ± SD, and deleted ±
0.
P12 L261: “…being the longest subset…” -- > “…being the longest known subset…” Changed
P13 L270 or caption in Figure 2: Please clarify what do you mean when you say “…One
(1) census refers to the establishment of a permanent plot”? I understand a one census
plot as that with only one measurement, whether temporal or permanent.
Response: We deleted the phrase as it was confusing. Exactly, one census refer to
one measurement, whether temporal or permanent.
L275 Table 1 (No page number! We added page number): It is not clear to me that if
the range shown for plot area also corresponds to the range in basal area. That is
for example: Row 1 in the table (AR). A 0.16 ha plot accounts for 78 stems and 5
m2 in BA, while the 6-ha plot is linked to 1834 stems and 189.4 m2? Why not just simply
express everything in 1 ha scale? I understand the issues of extrapolation, especially
from really small plots, but yet you still perform the analysis later. Please clarify.
Response: The range shown for plot area not necessary corresponds to the range in
stems or basal area. In this table we prefer to show plot values, and not extrapolate
to 1-ha in order to avoid the very large variability and dispersion when scaled to
1-ha (e.g. 0.01 ha plot with 1 stem would extrapolated to 100 stems ha-1, and in a
0.04-ha plot with 35 trees extrapolated value of basal area would be as high as 131.2
m2 ha-1). We discarded small plot for the analyses. We clarified this in text: “To
analyze patterns in stem density, basal area and species richness, we considered those
plots ≥ 0.1-ha (n = 236) where stems ≥10 cm DBH were measured. Due to high variability
and dispersion when extrapolating basal area and stem density at a larger spatial
scale we discarded plots of 0.01-ha, 0.04-ha, 0.05-ha and 0.08-ha (total n = 255)”
(P16, L331-335). This was also stated in the discussion section (P24, L498-501).
*** Starting here there is no line number, and page number is 2 for the section where
“Data analyses” subtitle is included. I’m using these numbers and will add the “p”
for paragraph.
Response: We added line and page numbers.
P2 paragraph 1: “…resolution that represents the…” -- > “…resolution covering the
average…” Response: We changed as suggested.
P2 p1: “…from 1 C for Ecuador…” -- > “from 1 C in Ecuador…” Same for the rest of the
sentences where a similar text is used (i.e. change “for” to “in”).
Response: We changed as suggested.
Data Analyses
P2 p2: Delete “In order to…” Just simply say “To analyze…” Changed
“…(n = 236) and stems…” -- > “…(n = 236) where stems ≥ 10 cm DBH were measured. Due
to high variability and dispersion when extrapolating basal area and stem density…we
discarded plots of 0.01 to 0.08 ha in size (total n = 255)...”
Response: We changed as suggested.
.
Related to this part of the analytical approach, I am wondering how different are
the extrapolations when you compare a 0.08 ha plot and a 0.1 one? You have discarded
quite a lot of plots using this cut-off (which I am ok with) but I asked myself if
maybe just 0.05 ha would have been enough?
Response: In addition to the high variability and dispersion of data when extrapolating
basal area and stem density of small plots at a larger spatial scale, we chose the
0.1 cut-off point as it is a standard minimum size for plots in forestry, thus for
comparisons.
Citation [55] should be placed after the (GLM) portion as this work refers to this
modeling approach. Response: We changed as suggested.
“Considering the nature of the response variables…” what is that nature? Statistical
distribution? Did you perform a distribution test ahead of the GLMs? Please clarify.
Response: We referred that: “We used a Quasi-Poisson distribution for stem density
and species richness …, and a Gaussian distribution with log-link function for basal
área”. This is clarified in text (P17, L343-3415. We deleted the phrase “Considering
the nature of the response variables”…to avoid confusion.
P3 p2: Delete “In order to…” -- > “To analyze patterns of tree species composition
and…, we used all data available from all plots, and from all species fully identified
(2341) with stems ≥ 10 cm DBH. To describe species composition, we applied a Non-Metric
Multidimensional Scaling approach…”
Response: We changed it as suggested.
[…[61] using latitudinal bands as random factor…” -- > “…as a random factor…”
Response: We changed it as suggested.
P4: Include citations for all R packages used.
Response: R package used are cited in text: “All analyses were performed in R 3.4.3
[63], using AER to test overdispersion in GLM, vegan for ordination analysis, and
lme4 for LMM” (P18 L372-373).
Results:
P4 p2: “… Mean annual air temperature and rainfall were positively correlated (r =
0.46, p <
0.001) (Fig 3B)…” I trust the numbers but the correlation in the figure seems to be
driven by a few really wet points. Can you clarify this? Adding a trend line would
be useful too. Using green and red dots here makes difficult to tease apart the countries.
I suggest using an alternate color palette and perhaps different symbols for each
country.
Response: We have checked the correlation and it is correct. There are some plots
that have between 2000 and 3000 mm of rainfall which also have around 25 degrees of
temperature, but also some other plots with 4000 and 5000 mm of rainfall that also
have around 23-24 degrees. We did not include a trend line as this is a correlation
and no cause-effect is expected.
P5 p1: Delete “Considering plots…” since is already mentioned in the methods. Just
start with
“we found that stem density…”
Response: We changed as suggested.
With regards to this section and Figure 4, the small-sized plots seem to be creating
a lot of noise in the trends. Why not testing stem density and basal area for only
1-ha plots as shown for species richness in Fig 4G? Also discussed later, are the
plots with higher stem density also showing high basal area? There is a brief mention
in the discussion about this relationship, but a simple bivariate plot would help.
Response: We tested stem density and basal area for only 1-ha plots and found that
results and tendencies were very similar. Thus we kept small plots in order to have
higher number of plots.
Plots with higher stem density not necessary have higher basal area.
P6 p2: “…we registered a total of 97,054 tree stems’…” The abstract mentions 86,964
individuals (?). Also, are these all tree species? When authors say stems it might
imply other life forms as palms or tree-ferns. Please clarify.
Response: The number 97,054 referred to all stems ≥10 cm while 86,964 referred to
identified stems ≥ 10 cm diameter to species level. We clarified this in abstract
(P4, L74-75). We addressed the entire manuscript to trees but actually we included
palms and ferns.
P6 p2: “…was shared among all data sets…” -- > “…was shared among all plots…”
Response: We changed as suggested.
P6 p3: “The study plots tended to segregate along…” Use a different word for segregate:
cluster, group.
Response: We used the word “group” as suggested (P20 L426-438).
P6 p3: “…Elevation and latitude correlated with both…” -- > “…correlated well with…”.
Also, in Figure 5 could you explain what does each axis in the NMDS represent?
Response: We changed as suggested.
Discussion and conclusions: See in bold edits and suggestions.
An overall recommendation here is that for every sentence/statement where the authors
are highlighting a specific result, having a direct reference to the particular figure
or table where the reader can refer to again would be quite useful. Also, I think
authors can separate the conclusions here.
P9 p1: “…it was less expected for rainfall as [5]…” Change the structure of the sentence
and citation format to “…it was less expected for rainfall as Urrutia et al [5] reported
for the Andes where rainfall did not covaried linearly with elevation…”. Also, this
statement relates to an earlier observation about the need for some hypothesis statements.
If you say “it was less expected”, what were your initial expectations?
Response: Changed as suggested. Actually, we were referring that our findings were
different from those of Urrutia et al. We rephrased the statement to avoid confusion
(P23, L479-481).
P9 p2: “Both stem density and basal area were related with the gradients addressed…”
-- >
“Both stem density and basal area were related to the gradients covered by our dataset…”
Response: Changed as suggested.
“…patterns of stem density were more consistent with elevation and latitude than for
basal area…”
Response: Changed as suggested.
Here, authors repeat some sentences from the results section. “Stem density peaked
at 10-15 latitude”.
Response: We rephrased the statement and differentiate it from the result section.
“The observed increase in the mean values of the structural variables with elevation
has
not…”
Response: Changed as suggested.
P10 p1: “…or maybe some local climate and topographic conditions…” This sounds vague.
What other climate or topographic conditions might have influenced these results?
Explain.
Response: We refer to some slopes orientation which may imply wetter or drier conditions,
for example. We explained it in text as suggested (P24 L495-496).
Land-use history is briefly mentioned as a potential driver of stem density. Yet,
the authors have some (limited) information on the time since disturbance for some
of the plots. Why not discuss this better? Can you filter some of the results based
on different disturbance periods? Very dense plots might be a reflection of recent
(or not that recent) events. At least in the form of an Appendix this would add some
support when contrasting such a wide range of sites and conditions.
Response: We do not have this information that is why we did not reported it. Nevertheless,
we discussed that for the secondary plots considered, it may have had some influence
on stem density (P24 L497-498).
P10 p1: Change “border effect” for “edge effect”. Response: Changed as suggested.
Also, briefly explain why these effects are more pronounced for small plots?. Why
plots ~0.5 ha or larger might be preferred? This section discussing potential effects
of plot size also needs some citations. See for example: Wagner et al. 2010 Biotropica,
Volume 42 (6): 664-671 and some references therein.
Response: We added the citation as suggested.
P10 p2: I think only mentioning the main hypotheses (e.g. Janzen & Connel) is not
enough here. How these hypotheses are related to the results found?
Response: We explained in text as suggested.
P11 p2: “…plots associated with low diversity of tree species…”
Response: We changed as suggested.
P11 p2: Change the reference format for Kattan et al. 2004 accordingly. P11 p3: Delete
“As well…”
Response: We deleted as suggested.
P12 p1: “…are unknown…” change to -- > “ are not clear [36]”
Response: We changed as suggested.
There is quite an abrupt change from this last paragraph to the next that discuss
the importance of the Andean forest plot network. What are some of the potential implications
of the findings? What does it mean that some forests in the Andes have higher density
than others? More carbon? Less carbon? What about diversity? Are these forests well
protected? I am not asking for a detailed analysis but just a brief consideration
to potential links of the results to management or conservation aspects.
Response: We added a brief consideration as suggested (P26, L543-548).
P12 p2: The enumeration used in this long paragraph is confusing. There are two sections
discussing different aspects, yet, some are redundant (e.g. #4 and #8 about models).
Consider rewriting.
Response: We re-wrote as suggested.
P12 p2: “…improving the number of hectares per country…” -- > “…increasing the area
covered per country…”
Response: We changed as suggested.
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