New Aspects of an Old Drug – Diclofenac Targets MYC and Glucose Metabolism in Tumor Cells
Figure 1
In vitro effects of diclofenac on proliferation and MYC expression in the human melanoma cell line MelIm.
The human melanoma cell line MelIm was incubated with different concentrations of diclofenac (A), aspirin (ASA, B), and NS-398 (C), respectively, and proliferation was determined after 24 h. Results represent the mean +/− standard deviation of 12 (diclofenac) and 3 (ASA, NS-398) independent experiments, respectively. (D) MelIm were incubated for 24 h with or without diclofenac. Apoptotic cells were stained with Annexin-V-FITC/ 7-AAD and analyzed by flow cytometry. Results represent the mean +/− standard deviation of 3 independent experiments. (E-G) MYC, STAT3, HIF1a and HIF2a protein expression were determined in cell lysates of MelIm incubated for 2 or 24 h with or without diclofenac (E,F) or ASA (G). The effect of diclofenac on MYC promoter activity was determined by transient transfection of a 2632-bp MYC promoter fragment (H). MelIm were transfected in 6-well-plates and diclofenac was added after 5 h. Luciferase activity was determined 24 h after transfection. Results represent the mean +/− standard deviation of 3 independent experiments.