Multi-Parametric MRI and Texture Analysis to Visualize Spatial Histologic Heterogeneity and Tumor Extent in Glioblastoma
Fig 1
ML-based MRI invasion maps show tumor-rich (>80% tumor nuclei) extent throughout ENH and BAT.
(A,B,C,E) Biopsy locations within the non-enhancing BAT zone (green dots, arrows) on T1+C (A,D) and T2W (B,E) images correspond with high-tumor (>80% tumor nuclei) and low-tumor (<80% tumor nuclei) tissue samples on histologic analysis. (C,F) Color overlay maps with manual tracings (green) around BAT show the probability (range 0–1) of tumor-rich (red) vs tumor-poor (green/blue) content, based on ML analysis and multi-parametric MRI in 60 training biopsies and 22 validation biopsies. The maps show correspondence between tumor-rich (B, red) and tumor-poor (D, blue/gray) biopsy samples.