Summary
With regard to methodological shortcomings and heterogeneity of the outcome of experimental studies in the field of suicide prevention only tentative conclusions can be drawn from the results. Suicide prevention programs where contact to patients is actively established and maintained seem to be more effective in reducing the rate of further suicide attempts than passive strategies which leave it to the patients to initiate and continue a therapeutic relationship. This advantage emerges more clearly when patients are repeatedly or even continually motivated to utilize advice and treatment facilities. The intensity of outpatient aftercare services may also have a considerable influence on the effectiveness of suicide prevention.
Zusammenfassung
Aufgrund der methodischen Problematik und der begrenzten Vergleichbarkeit der bisher veröffentlichten experimentellen Evaluationsstudien zur Selbstmordverhütung können aus den Ergebnissen nur mit großer Vorsicht verallgemeinernde Schlüsse gezogen werden. Versorgungsweisen, bei denen der Kontakt zu den Patienten aktiv hergestellt und aufrechterhalten wird, scheinen passiv-abwartenden Behandlungsweisen, die den Patienten die Initiative überlassen, in bezug auf die Rezidivrate von Suizidversuchen überlegen zu sein. Besonders deutlich wird dieser Vorsprung, wenn durch wiederholte oder sogar kontinuierliche Motivationsarbeit versucht wird, die Inanspruchnahme von Beratungs- und Behandlungsmöglichkeiten zu verbessern. Auch die Intensität der ambulanten Nachbetreuung könnte für die Wirksamkeit der Selbstmordverhütung von Bedeutung Sein.
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Diese Literaturübersicht entstand im Rahmen der Vorarbeiten zu einem aus Mitteln des Bundesministeriums für Jugend, Familie und Gesundheit geförderten Forschungsprojekt zur Evaluation von Betreuungsmaßnahmen für Patienten nach Selbstmordversuch
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Kurz, A., Möller, H.J. Ergebnisse der klinisch-experimentellen Evaluation von suizidprophylaktischen Versorgungsprogrammen. Arch Psychiatr Nervenkr 232, 97–118 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00343693
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00343693