Comparison of Single-Dose and Steady-State Nadolol Plasma Concentrations

Abstract

The pharmacokinetics of nadolol have been previously reported to be linear between single and steady-state dosing. Data from a study in our laboratory suggested greater than expected β-blockade with nadolol at steady state. Because the early potency studies were single-dose studies, we hypothesized there was a nonlinearity in nadolol pharmacokinetics which produced higher than expected plasma concentrations at steady state. Six normal volunteers from the previous study (steady state) volunteered to participate in the single-dose study. Plasma concentrations were determined for 24 hr following a single dose of nadolol, 80 mg. A simple, inexpensive, and accurate method for determination of nadolol in plasma or serum by HPLC with fluorometric detection is described. The AUC_o–tau at steady state was greater than the AUC_0–∞ following a single dose in five of the six subjects. The mean ratio of AUC_ss/AUC_sd was 2.54. This value would be unity in the presence of linear pharmacokinetics. We conclude that the principle of superposition is not applicable for nadolol.