Summary
This randomized crossover out-patient study was designed to compare the antihypertensive effects of atenolol and pindolol. After a wash-out period of two weeks in pretreated cases, 107 patients with essential hypertension were given either atenolol 100 mg once-daily or pindolol 20 mg slow release (SR) once-daily. Both atenolol and pindolol lowered blood pressure over the 24 week period. The diastolic blood pressure reduction was significantly greater (p<0.01) with atenolol than with pindolol. Before β-blocker therapy, many patients had already experienced side-effects such as fatigue, sleep disturbances and dreams. This probably relates to the high sensitivity of the analogue scale used to assess side-effects, and to the high incidence of such symptoms in untreated patients. As the study progressed there was a reduction in the frequency of fatigue (p<0.03) and dreams (p<0.05) in both groups, whereas sleep disturbances significantly increased under pindolol (p<0.05) but decreased under atenolol (p<0.05). The only important side-effect difference between the two β-blockers was the higher incidence of sleep disturbances with pindolol which may be due to the higher lipophilicity of this β-blocker.
References
Cruickshank JM (1980) The clinical importance of cardioselectivity and lipophilicity in beta blockers. Am Heart J 100: 160–178
Frewin DB, Penhall RK, Leonello PP, Clapp RJ (1980) Atenolol in hypertension: follow up of patients crossed over to this agent from propranolol, pindolol or metoprolol. New Zealand Med J 92: 389–390
Frishman W (1979) Clinical pharmacology of the new beta-adrenergic blocking drugs. Part 1. Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties. Am Heart J 97: 663–670
Greminger P, Vetter H, Boerlin HJ, Havelka J, Baumgart P, Walger P, Lüscher T, Siegenthaler W, Vetter W (1983) A comparative study between 100 mg atenolol and 20 mg pindolol slow release in essential hypertension. Drugs 25 (Suppl. 2): 37–41
McNeil JJ, Louis WJ (1979) A double-blind crossover comparison of pindolol, metoprolol, atenolol and labetalol in mild hypertension. Br J Clin Pharmacol 8: 163S-166S
Waal-Manning HJ (1979) Atenolol and three non-selective beta-blockers in hypertension. Clin Pharmacol Ther 25: 8–18
Waal-Manning HJ, Simpson FO (1974) Pindolol: a comparison with other antihypertensive drugs and a double-blind placebo trial. New Zealand Med J 80: 151–155
Wilcox RG (1978) Randomized study of six beta-blockers and a thiazide diuretic in essential hypertension. Br Med J 2: 383–385
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Foerster, E.C., Greminger, P., Siegenthaler, W. et al. Atenolol versus pindolol: Side-effects in hypertension. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 28 (Suppl 1), 89–91 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00543717
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00543717