Anchoring RuS2 on a multi-shelled hollow cube of CaTiO3 for ultrahigh hydrogen evolution with the assistance of a photocatalytic biorefinery†
*ab
Runcang
Sun
*a
Abstract
Ultrahigh hydrogen evolution from photocatalytic water splitting using CaTiO3 is difficult due to its low photon-to-electron conversion efficiency. Herein, a facile post-loading strategy was developed for preparing a RuS2@CaTiO3-x heterojunction by anchoring RuS2 on a multi-shelled hollow cube of CaTiO3, which successfully achieved ultrahigh hydrogen evolution through water splitting with the assistance of a photocatalytic biorefinery. After RuS2 anchoring, the utilization of visible light and the separation/migration rate of photo-generated carriers of RuS2@CaTiO3-x enhanced significantly, resulting in a high photon-to-electron conversion efficiency. Correspondingly, the hydrogen evolution rate reached 8140.7 μmol g−1 h−1 in the RuS2@CaTiO3-10 system with the assistance of the photocatalytic selective oxidation of biomass-derived monosaccharides, and it was 45.5- and 4.2-fold greater than those of pristine CaTiO3 and RuS2, respectively. Furthermore, 89.0% yield of lactic acid was obtained in the corresponding system. Electron spin-resonance (ESR) characterization combined with radical capture experiments indicated that ˙OH played a significant role in lactic acid production. Moreover, RuS2@CaTiO3-10 not only exhibits excellent reusability and stability, but also has been successfully used for different biomass-based monosaccharide reforming coupled with water-splitting to co-produce lactic acid and hydrogen. This work sheds light on the development and design of photocatalytic systems.
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