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Severe Disease Burden and the Mitigation Strategy in the Arsenic-Exposed Population of Kaliprasad Village in Bhagalpur District of Bihar, India

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Abstract

The present study was carried out in the village Kaliprasad of Bhagalpur district of Bihar to know the arsenic exposure effect in the exposed population. A total of n = 102 households were studied, and their water and biological samples such as urine and hair were collected and analyzed in a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer (GF-AAS). The assessment of arsenic-exposed village population reveals that the villagers were suffering from serious health-related problems such as skin manifestations (hyperkeratosis and melanosis in their palm and soles), breathlessness, general body weakness, mental disorders, diabetes, hypertension (raised blood pressure), hormonal imbalance, neurological disorders, and few cancer cases. About 77% of household hand pump water had arsenic level more than the WHO recommended level of 10 µg/L, with highest level of 523 µg/L. Moreover, in 60% individual’s urine samples, arsenic concentration was very high with maximum 374 µg/L while in hair 64% individuals had arsenic concentration above the permissible limit with maximum arsenic concentration of 11,398 µg/kg. The hazard quotient (HQ) was also calculated to know the arsenic risk percentage in children as 87.11%, in females as 83.15%, and in males as 82.27% by groundwater. This has surpassed the threshold value of \(1\times {10}^{-6}\) for carcinogenic risk (CR) in children, female, and male population group in the village. Hence, the exposed population of Kaliprasad village are at very high risk of the disease burden.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to institute Mahavir Cancer Sansthan and Research Centre, Patna, for providing necessary laboratorial and infrastructural facilities. The authors also extend their gratitude to the state government for installing arsenic filter unit in Kaliprasad village.

Funding

The fund for this research work was provided by the institute itself through its limited resources.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mahavir Cancer Sansthan and Research Centre, Patna, Bihar, 801505, India

    Arun Kumar, Kanhaiya Kumar, Mohammad Ali, Abhinav Srivastava, Pintoo Kumar Niraj, Mukesh Kumar, Rishav Kumar & Ashok Kumar Ghosh

  2. Patna Women’s College, Patna, Bihar, India

    Vivek Raj

  3. UPES University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

    Manishankar Kumar & Dhruv Kumar

  4. Geological Survey of India, Patna, Bihar, India

    Akhouri Bishwapriya

  5. Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India

    Ranjit Kumar

  6. Sido Kanhu Murmu University, Dumka, Jharkhand, India

    Suresh Kumar

  7. Central Ground Water Board, Patna, Bihar, India

    Gautam Anand

  8. Tu Delft, Delft, Netherlands

    Santosh Kumar

  9. University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan

    Maiko Sakamoto

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The entire experimental work was conceptualized by AK and AKG. The field work sampling was carried out by Rishav, K, MS, PKN, MK, and AK. In the manuscript writing, AK, KK, AB, SK, Santosh K, MS, and AKG contributed the majority of writing activities, but support was also provided by MA, VR, AS, MK, PKN, Mukesh K, DK, RK, and GA. Literature search was done by KK, MK, VK, GA, and AS. Figures were developed by AK, KK, SK, Santosh K, and DK. The study design was carried out by AK and AKG. The experimentation was carried out by PKN, Mukesh K, VK, AS, and GA and data analysis by MA, RK, DK, MS, and AB. The final manuscript writing was done by AK, MA, DK, KK, AB, SK, Santosh K, MS, and AKG. All the authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Arun Kumar.

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Ethical Approval

Before the start of this research work, an ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) of Mahavir Cancer Sansthan and Research Centre with IEC No. MCS/IEC/2019, dated 10/01/2019 (agenda no.07). The study was carried out from April 2019 to July 2022.

Consent to Participate

An informed consent was also obtained before the collection of the biological samples from the studied subjects of village Kaliprasad.

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The authors provide their kind consent to publish this research data.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Kumar, A., Kumar, K., Ali, M. et al. Severe Disease Burden and the Mitigation Strategy in the Arsenic-Exposed Population of Kaliprasad Village in Bhagalpur District of Bihar, India. Biol Trace Elem Res 202, 1948–1964 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-023-03822-w

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