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Frail room temperature ferromagnetism and H2 evolution of ZnS:Er nanoparticles through simple chemical co-precipitation route

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Abstract

ZnS:Er nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared for the first time, achieving tunable optical, ferromagnetic, and hydrogen production as a function of the Er content. Morphological analyses showed that the synthesized NPs exhibited closed spheroid shapes with an average sizes ranging from 4.4 to 5.2 nm. Structural measurements certified the authentic substitution of Er ions in the host matrix. Reflectance measurements confirmed that Er doping reduced the ZnS bandgap from 3.72 to 3.52 eV. Magnetic measurements revealed that the Er-doped ZnS NPs displayed soft ferromagnetism and became better at higher doping concentrations. The ZnS:Er (4 at%) NPs achieved the maximum hydrogen production rate (21,554.89 µmol g−1 h−1) under simulated solar illumination. Hence, the ZnS:Er NPs are promising materials for spintronics and hydrogen evolution.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Research Foundation Korea funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Fusion Research (Grant No: 20201G1A1014959). This work was supported by the Technology development Program (S3038568) funded by the Ministry of SMEs and Startups (MSS, Korea).

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The authors have not disclosed any funding.

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Author notes

  1. B. Poornaprakash and U. Chalapathi have equally contributed.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electronic Engineering, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, 25457, Republic of Korea

    B. Poornaprakash & Y. L. Kim

  2. Department of Electronic Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea

    U. Chalapathi & Si-Hyun Park

  3. National Water and Energy Center, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551, UAE

    Sambasivam Sangaraju

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  1. B. Poornaprakash
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  2. U. Chalapathi
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  3. Sambasivam Sangaraju
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  4. Y. L. Kim
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  5. Si-Hyun Park
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Contributions

BP: Conceptualization, Methodology, Experimental, Investigation, Graphical Work, and Writing – original draft. UC: Methodology, Investigation, Experimental, Graphical Work, Writing – original draft, Resources. SS: Formal Analysis. YLK: Writing Review, Validation, Editing, and Resources. S-HP: Investigation, Formal Analysis, Editing, Writing Review, and Supervision.

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Correspondence to Y. L. Kim or Si-Hyun Park.

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Poornaprakash, B., Chalapathi, U., Sangaraju, S. et al. Frail room temperature ferromagnetism and H2 evolution of ZnS:Er nanoparticles through simple chemical co-precipitation route. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 34, 278 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-022-09719-z

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