Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Erfahrung zählt. Frequenzeff ekte in der Sprache–ein Werkstattbericht

Frequency as a Determinant in Usage-Based Models of Language Change, Language Processing and Language Acquisition

  • Published:
Zeitschrift für Literaturwissenschaft und Linguistik Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Frequency is defi ned in terms of number of occurrences of a given linguistic structure in a particular linguistic system or sub-system (as approximated by a suitable corpus). Frequency is assumed to be a possible determinant in usage-based models of language change, language acquisition and language processing. While the default assumption is that there is a non-trivial relation between frequency of occurrence thus defi ned and mental and structural representation, the frequency factor is being investigated with a view both to its explanatory potential and to its challenges in future research.

The present paper is based on ongoing research within the DFG funded research training group (GRK 1624) that carries out empirically rich and methodologically coordinated research on frequency effects in language, with an empirical focus on standard and non-standard varieties of European languages. In its integration of descriptive-linguistic and cognitivist approaches and its broad empirical corpus base, the ongoing research opens up a new, constructively critical approach to usage-based modeling in linguistics. The two-pronged approach — extending the breadth of empirical coverage, while at the same time increasing the sophistication of the theoretical models — is a timely one.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Literatur

  • Abbot-Smith, Kirsten/ Lieven, Elena/ Tomasello, Michael: »What pre-school children do and do not do with ungrammatical word orders«. In: Cognitive Development 16 (2001), S. 679–692.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Abbot-Smith, Kirsten/ Behrens, Heike: »How known construction influence the acquisition of other constructions: The German periphrastic passive and future constructions«. In: Cognitive Science 30 (2006), S. 995–1026.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Akhtar, Nameera: »Acquiring basic word order: evidence for data-driven learning of syntactic structure«. In: Journal of Child Language 26 (1999), S. 339–356.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, John R./ Bothell, Dan/ Byrne, Mike D./ Douglass, Scott A./ Lebiere, Christian/ Qin, Yulin: »An integrated theory of the mind«. In: Psychological Review 11/4 (2002), S. 1036–1060.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderwald, Lieselotte: Negation in non-standard British English. London/New York 2002.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Auer, Peter: »Projection in interaction and projection in grammar«. In: Text 25/1 (2005), S. 7–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Auer, Peter: »Increments and More. Anmerkungen zur augenblicklichen Diskussion über die Erweiterbarkeit von Turnkonstruktionseinheiten«. In: Arnulf Deppermann/ Reinhard Fiehler/ Thomas Spranz-Fogasy (Hg.): Grammatik und Interaktion. Radolfzell 2006, S. 279–294.

    Google Scholar 

  • Auer, Peter: »On-line syntax: thoughts on the temporality of spoken language«. In: Language Sciences 31 (2009), S. 1–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Auer, Peter/ Pfänder, Stefan: »Constructions: Emerging and emergent«. In: Linguae & Litterae. Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies. Berlin 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baayen, Harald R.: »Probabilistic approaches to morphology«. In: Rens Bod/ Jennifer Hay/ Stefanie Jannedy (Hg.): Probabilistic linguistics. Cambridge 2003, S. 229–287.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baayen, Harald R.: Analyzing linguistic data. A practical introduction to statistics using R. Cambridge 2008.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Baayen, Harald R./ Kuperman, V./ Bertram, R.: »Frequency Effects in Compound Processing«. In: Sergio Scalise/ Irene Vogel (Hg.): Compounding. Amsterdam/Philadelphia 2010, S. 257–270.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bates, Elizabeth/ MacWhinney, Brian: »Competition, variation and language learning«. In: Brian MacWhinney (Hg.): Mechanisms of language acquisition. Hillsdale 1987, S. 157–193.

    Google Scholar 

  • Behrens, Heike: »Konstruktionen im Spracherwerb«. In: Zeitschrift für Germanistische Linguistik (ZGL) 37/3 (2009a), S. 427–444.

    Google Scholar 

  • Behrens, Heike: »Usage-based and emergentist approaches to language learning«. In: Linguistics (Special Issue: Current approaches to language learning) 47 (2009b), S. 383–411.

    Google Scholar 

  • Behrens, Heike: »Die Konstruktion von Sprache im Spracherwerb«. In: Alexander Lasch/ Alexander Ziem (Hg.): Konstruktionsgrammatik III: Vom Forschungsparadigma zu Fallstudien. Tübingen 2011a, S. 165–179.

    Google Scholar 

  • Behrens, Heike: »Erstspracherwerb«, in: Ludger Hoffman/ Kerstin Leimbrink/ Uta Quasthoff (Hg.): Die Matrix der menschlichen Entwicklung. Berlin 2011b, S. 252–273.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bertram, Raymond/ Schreuder, Robert/ Baayen, Rolf Harald: »The balance of storage and computation in morphological processing: The role of word formation type, affi xal homonymy, and productivity«. In: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition 26 (2000), S. 419–511.

    Google Scholar 

  • Besters-Dilger, Juliane/Dermarkar, Cynthia/Pfänder, Stefan/Rabus, Achim (Hg.): »Family effects in language contact: Modelling congruence as a factor in contact-induced change«. In: Linguae & Litterae des Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, Berlin (im Druck).

  • Bien, Heidrun/ Levelt, Willem J. M./ Baayen, Harald R.: »Frequency effects in compound production«. In: PNAS 102 (2005), S. 17876–17881.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Birkner, Karin: »Was X betrifft: Textsortenspezifi sche Aspekte einer Redewendung«. In: Anatol Stefanowitsch/ Kerstin Fischer (Hg.): Konstruktionsgrammatik II. Von der Konstruktion zur Grammatik. Tübingen 2008, S. 59–80.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blom, Elma: From root infi nitive to fi nite sentence: The acquisition of verbal infl ections and auxiliaries. Berlin/New York 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blumenthal-Dramé, Alice.: »Entrenchment in Usage-Based Theories. What Corpus Data Do and Do Not Reveal About the Mind«. In: Bernd Kortmann/ Elizabeth Closs Traugott (Hg.): Topics in English Linguistics, 83. Berlin 2012.

  • Boyd, Jeremy K./ Goldberg, Adele E.: »Learning what not to say: The role of statistical preemption and categorization in a-adjective production«. In: Language 87/1 (2011), S. 1–29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boyland, Joyce Tang: Morphosyntactic change in progress: A psycholinguistic approach. Dissertation. Berkeley 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brooks, Patricia J./ Tomasello, M.: »How children constrain their argument constructions«. In: Language 75 (1999), S. 720–738.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brysbaert, Marc/ Mitchell, Don: »Modifi er attachment in sentence parsing: Evidence from Dutch«. In: Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 49A (1996), S. 664–695.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bush, Nathan: »Frequency effects and word-boundary palatalization in English«. In: Joan Bybee/ Paul Hopper (Hg.): Frequency and the emergence of linguistic structure. Amsterdam/Philadelphia 2001, S. 255–280.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Bybee, Joan: Morphology: A study of the relation between meaning and form. Amsterdam/Philadelphia 1985.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Bybee, Joan: »Frequency effects on French liaison«. In: J. Bybee/ P. Hopper (Hg.): Frequency and the emergence of linguistic structure. Amsterdam 2001, S. 337–359.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Bybee, Joan: »From Usage to Grammar: The Mind’s Response to Repetition«. In: Language 82/4 (2006), S. 711–733.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bybee, Joan: Frequency of use and the organization of language. Oxford 2007.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Bybee, Joan: Language, Usage and Cognition. Cambridge 2010.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Bybee, Joan/ Thompson, Sandra: »The frequency effects in syntax«. In: Joan Bybee (Hg.): Frequency of use and the organization of language. Oxford 2007, S. 269–278.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Caldwell-Harris, Catherine/ Berant, Jonathan/ Edelman, Shimon: »Measuring Mental Entrechment of Phrases with Perceptual Identifi cation, Familiarity Ratings, and Corpus Frequency Statistics«. In: Dagmar Divjak/ Stefan Th. Gries (Hg.): Frequency Effects in Language Representation. Berlin/Boston 2012, S. 165–194.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cheshire, Jenny: »Syntactic variation and the concept of prominence«. In: Juhani Klemola/ Merja Kytö/ Matti Rissanen (Hg.): Speech past and present: studies in English dialectology in memory of Ossi Ihalainen. Frankfurt 1996, S. 1–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Christiansen, Morten H./ Chater, Nick: »Toward a connectionist model of recursion in human linguistic performance«. In: Cognitive Science 23, 2 (1999), S. 157–205.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Christiansen, Morten H./ Dale, Rick A. C./ Ellefson, Michelle R./ Conway, Christopher M.: »The role of sequential learning in language evolution: Computational and experimental studies«. In: Angelo Cangelosi/ Domenico Parisi (Hg.): Simulating the evolution of language. London 2002, S. 165–188.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Christiansen, Morten H./ Chater, Nick: »Language as shaped by the brain«. In: Behavioural and Brain Sciences 31, 5 (2008), S. 489–509.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clahsen, Harald: »Lexical entries and rules of language: A multidisciplinary study of German infl ection«. In: Behavioral and Brain Sciences 22 (1999), S. 991–1060.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark, Herb H. »Pointing and placing«. In: Kita, S. (Hg.): Pointing. Where language, cluture, and cognition meet. Hillsdale NJ: Erlbaum, S. 243–268.

  • Cooper, William E./ Paccia-Cooper, Jeanne: Syntax and speech. Harvard 1980.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Croft, William: Radical construction grammar: Syntactic theory in typological perspective. Oxford 2001.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Croft, William/ Cruse, D. Alan: Cognitive linguistics. Cambridge 2004.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Cuetos, Fernando/ Mitchell, Don: »Cross linguistic differences in parsing: Restrictions on the issue of the late closure strategy in Spanish«. In: Cognition 30 (1988), S. 73–105.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dankel, Philipp: Evidential Strategies in Language Contact. Frequency, Convergence and Semantic Change. Promotionsprojekt am GRK 1624 »Frequenzeffekte in der Sprache« der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg. Freiburg (in Vorbereitung).

  • De Smet, Hendrik: »The course of actualization«. In: Language 88 (2012), S. 601–633.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Villiers, Jill: »Learning how to use verbs: Lexical coding and the infl uence of input«. In: Journal of Child Language 12 (1985), S. 587–596.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dimroth, Christine/ Lasser, Ingeborg: »Preface: Finite options: how L1 and L2 learners cope with the acquisition of fi niteness«. In: Linguistics 40 (2002), S. 647–651.

    Google Scholar 

  • Docherty, Gerard/ Khattab Ghada: »Sociophonetics and Clinical Linguistics«. In: Martin J. Ball/ Michael R. Perkins/ Nicole Müller/ Sara Howard (Hg.): The Handbook of Clinical Linguistics. Oxford 2008, S. 603–625.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Eckert, Penelope: »The meaning of style«. In: Wai-Fong Chiang/ Elaine Chun/ Laura Mahalingappa/ Siri Mehus (Hg.): Salsa 11. Texas linguistics Forum 47. Austin 2004, S. 41–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ellis, Nick C.: »Frequency effects in language acquisition«. In: Studies in Second Language Acquisition 24 (2002), S. 143–188.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ellis, Nick C: »The dynamics of second language emergence: Cycles of language use, language change, and language acquisition«. In: Modern Language Journal 92 (2008a), S. 232–239.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ellis, Nick C: »Usage-based and form-focused language acquisition: The associative learning of constructions, learned attention, and the limited L2-endstate«. In: Peter Robinson/ Nick C. Ellis (Hg.): Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics and Second Language Acquisition. New York 2008b, S. 372–405.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ellis, Nick C: »What can we count in language, and what counts in language acquisition, cognition, and use?«. In: Stefan Th. Gries/ Dagmar Divjak (Hg.): Frequency Effects in Language Learning and Processing. Berlin/Boston 2012, S. 7–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elman, Jeffrey L.: »Finding structure in time«. In: Cognitive Science 14 (1990), S. 179–211.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elmenthaler, Michael/ Gessinger, Joachim/ Wirrer, Jan: »Qualitative und quantitative Verfahren in der Ethnodialektologie am Beispiel von Salienz«. In: Christina Ada Anders/ Markus Hundt/ Alexander Lasch (Hg.): Perceptual dialectology–Neue Wege der Dialektologie. Berlin/New York 2010, S. 111–149.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fillmore, Charles J./ Kay, Paul: Construction Grammar. Manuscript. Berkeley Department of linguistics. University of California. Berkeley 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frazier, Lyn: »Sentence processing: A tutorial review«. In: Max Coltheart (Hg.): Attention and Performance XII: The Psychology of Reading. Mahway/NJ 1987, S. 559–586.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fried, Mirjam/ Östman, Jan-Ola (Hg.): Construction Grammar in a Cross-Language Perspective. Amsterdam 2004.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Friederici, A. D.: »The time-course of syntactic activation during language processing–A modelbased on neuropsychological and neurophysiological data«. In: Brain and Language 50/3 (1995), S. 259–281.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gass, Susan M./ Mackey, Alison: »Frequency effects and Second Language Acquisition: A complex picture?«. In: Studies in Second Language Acquisition 24 (2002), S. 249–260.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Geeraerts, Dirk/ Gronelaers, Stefan/ Bakema, Peter: The structure of lexical variation: Meaning, naming, and context. Berlin 1994.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Gentner, Dedre: »Why we are so smart«. In: Dedre Gentner/ Susan Goldin-Meadow (Hg.): Language in mind: Advances in the study of language and cognition. Cambrigde 2003, S. 195–235.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gentner, Dedre/ Colhoun, Julie: »Analogical processes in human thinking and learning«. In: Britt Glatzeder/ Vinod Goel/ Albrecht von Müller (Hg.): On Thinking: Vol. 2. Towards a Theory of Thinking. Berlin 2010, S. 35–48.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Goldberg, Adele E.: Constructions: A Construction Grammar approach to argument structure. Chicago 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goltsev, Evghenia: Muttersprachliche Beurteilung unterschiedlicher Frequenzstrukturen der Interlanguage fortgeschrittener Lerner. Promotionsprojekt am GRK 1624 »Frequenzeffekte in der Sprache« der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg. Freiburg (in Vorbereitung).

  • Gomez, Rebecca L./ Gerken, Louann: »Infant artifi cial language learning and language acquisition«. In: Trends in Cognitive Sciences 4 (2000), S. 178–186.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gries, Stefan Th.: Statistik für Sprachwissenschaftler. Göttingen 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gries, Stefan Th./Dagmar Divjak (Hg.): Frequency Effects in Language Learning and Processing. In: Trends in Linguistics, Studies and Monographs 244.1 (2012).

  • Group 1624 [Peter Auer, Heike Behrens, Daniel Jacob, Rolf Kailuweit, Lars Konieczny, Bernd Kortmann, Christian Mair, Stefan Pfänder, Gerhard Strube] Frequenz als Faktor in gebrauchsbasierten Modellierungen von Sprachwandel, Sprachverarbeitung und Spracherwerb. Antragstext. 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hare, Mary/ Elman, Jeffrey L.: »Learning and morphological change«. In: Cognition 56 (1994), S. 61–98.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haspelmath, Martin: »Frequency vs. iconicity in explaining grammatical asymmetries«. In: Cognitive Linguistics 19/1 (2008), S. 1–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hawkins, John A.: Effi ciency and complexity in grammars. Oxford 2004.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Heine, Bernd/ Kuteva, Tania: Language contact and grammatical change. Cambridge 2005.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Heine, Bernd/ Kuteva, Tania: »Constraints on contact-induced linguistic change«. In: Journal of Language Contact 2 (2008), S. 57–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hemforth, Barbara/ Konieczny, Lars/ Scheepers, Christoph: »Syntactic attachment and anaphor resolution. The two sides of relative clause attachment«. In: Mattthew Crocker/ Martin Pickering/ Charles Jr. Clifton (Hg.): Architectures and mechanisms for language processing. Cambridge 2000, S. 259–282.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hemforth, Barbara/ Scheepers, Christoph/ Pynte, Joel/ Konieczny, Lars: The resolution of anaphors across languages: Results from monolingual and bilingual speakers. Berlin 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hilpert, Martin: »The English comparative: Language structure and language use«. In: English Language and Linguistics 12/3 (2008).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hopper, Paul J./ Traugott, Elizabeth C.: Grammaticalization [1993]. 2. Aufl age. Cambridge 2003.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Hudson Kam, Carla J./ Newport, Elissa L.: »Regularizing unpredictable variation: The roles of adult and child learners in language formation and change«. In: Language Learning and Development 1 (2005), S. 151–195.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Iljina, Olga: Frequency-based Prediction of Syntax and Neural Underpinnings of Syntactic Projection. Promotionsprojekt am GRK 1624 »Frequenzeffekte in der Sprache« der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg. Freiburg (in Vorbereitung).

  • Johanson, Lars: »Contact-induced change in a code-copying framework«. In: Marie C. Jones/ Edith Esch (Hg.): Language change: The interplay of internal, external and extra-linguistic factors. Berlin/New York 2002, S. 285–313.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kerswill, Paul/ Williams, Ann: »›Salience‹ as an explanatory factor in language change: evidence from dialect levelling in urban England«. In: Reading Working Papers in Linguistics 4 (2000), S. 63–94.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kerswill, Paul/ Williams, Ann: »Dialect recognition and speech community focusing in new and old towns in England: The effects of dialect levelling, demography and social networks«. In: Daniel Long/ Dennis R. Preston (Hg.): Handbook of perceptual dialectology. Band 2. Amsterdam/Philadelphia 2002, S. 173–204.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kidd, Evan/ Lieven, Elena/ Tomasello, Michael: »Examining the role of lexical frequency in children’s acquisition and processing of sentential complements«. In: Cognitive Development 21 (2006), S. 93–107.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khakimov, Nikolay: A Usage-based Approach to Russian-German Code-Switching. Promotionsprojekt am GRK 1624 »Frequenzeffekte in der Sprache« der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg. Freiburg (in Vorbereitung).

  • Konieczny, Lars/ Döring, Philipp: »Anticipation of clause-fi nal heads. Evidence from eye-tracking and SRNs«. In: Peter P. Slezak (Hg.): Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Cognitive Science, 13.–17. July 2003. Sydney 2003, S. 330–335.

    Google Scholar 

  • Konieczny, Lars/ Ruh, Nicolas: What’s in an error? A reply to MacDonald and Christiansen 2002. Manuskript. IIG. Universität Freiburg. Freiburg 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  • Konieczny, Lars/Müller, Daniel/Ruh, Nicolas: »Zur Natur des sprachlichen Arbeitsgedächtnisses«. In: Psychologische Rundschau (eingereicht).

  • Kortmann, Bernd/ Herrmann, Tanja/ Pietsch, Lukas/ Wagner, Susanne: A Comparative Grammar of British English Dialects: Agreement, Gender, Relative Clauses. Berlin/New York 2005.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Kortmann, B./ Wagner, S.: «Changes and Continuities in Dialect Grammar«. In: R. Hickey (Hg.): Eighteenth-Century English: Ideology and Change. Cambridge 2009, S. 269–292.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krause, Anne: Morphological Change in German: Formation of Imperatives. Promotionsprojekt am GRK 1624 »Frequenzeffekte in der Sprache« der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg. Freiburg (in Vorbereitung).

  • Krug, Manfred: »String Frequency: A Cognitive Motivating Factor in Coalescence, Language Processing, and Linguistic Change«. In: Journal of English Linguistics 26/4 (1998), S. 286–320.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krug, Manfred: »Frequency as a determinant in grammatical variation and change«. In: Günter Rohdenburg/ Britta Mondorf (Hg.): Determinants of grammatical variation in English. Berlin/New York 2003, S. 7–67.

    Google Scholar 

  • Langacker, Ronald W.: Foundations of cognitive grammar. Bd. 1: Theoretical prerequisites. Stanford 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  • Langacker, Ronald W.: »A dynamic usage-based model«. In: Michael Barlow/ Suzanne Kemmer (Hg.): Usage-based models of language. Stanford 2000, S. 1–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Langacker, Ronald W.: Cognitive Grammar: A basic introduction. Oxford 2008.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Lenz, A. N.: »Zum Begriff der Salienz und zum Nachweis salienter Merkmale«. In: M. Hundt/ A. Lasch/ C. A. Anders u. a. (Hg.): Perceptual Dialectology–Neue Wege der Dialektologie. Berlin/New York 2010, S. 89–110.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, Richard L./ Vasishth, Shravan: »An activation-based model of sentence processing as skilled memory retrieval«. In: Cognitive Science 29 (2005), S. 1–45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, Rick L./ Vasishth, Shravan/ Van Dyke, Julie A: »Computational principles of working memory in sentence comprehension«. In: Trends in Cognitive Sciences 10 (2006), S. 447–454.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li, Ping/ Farkas, Igor/ MacWhinney, Brian: »Early lexical development in a self-organizing neural network«. In: Neural Networks 17 (2004), S. 1345–1362.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lieberman, Erez/ Michel, Jean-Baptiste/ Jackson, Joe/ Tang, Tina/ Nowak, Martin: »Quantifying the evolutionary dynamics of language«. In: Nature 449 (2007), S. 713–716.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lieven, Elena: »Input and fi rst language acquisition: Evaluating the role of frequency«. In: Lingua 120/11 (2010), S. 2546–2556.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lieven, Elena V. M./ Pine, Julian M./ Baldwin, Gillian: »Lexically-based learning and early grammatical development«. In: Journal of Child Language 24 (1997), S. 187–219.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lieven, Elena/ Tomasello, Michael: »Children’s fi rst language acquisition from a usage-based perspective«. In: Peter Robinson/ Nick C. Ellis (Hg.): Handbook of cognitive linguistics and second language acquisition. New York 2008, S. 168–196.

    Google Scholar 

  • Long, Daniel/ Preston, Dennis R. (Hg.): Handbook of perceptual dialectology. Bde. 1–2. Amsterdam/Philadelphia 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lorenz, David: Frequency and Cognitive Representation in the Emergence of New English Modals. Dissertation am GRK 1624 »Frequenzeffekte in der Sprache« der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg. Freiburg (eingereicht).

  • Ludwig, R./ Pfänder, S.: »Grammaticalisation et contact de langues: l’évolution de la particule ›la‹ en français et en créole caribéen«. In: Sibylle Kriegel (Hg.): Grammaticalisation et réanalyse. Approches de la variation créole et française. Paris 2003, S. 269–284.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacDonald, Maryellen C./ Christiansen, Morton H.: »Reassessing working memory: A comment on Just/Carpenter (1992) and Waters/Caplan (1996)«. In: Psychological Review 109 (2002), S. 35–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MacWhinney, Brian: »New directions in the competition model«. In: Dan I. Slobin/ Michael Tomasello (Hg.): Beyond nature-nurture: essays in honor of Elizabeth Bates. Mahwah 2004, S. 81–110.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacWhinnney, Brian: »The emergence of linguistic form in time«. In: Connection Science 17 (2006), S. 191–211.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MacWhinney, Brian: »A unifi ed model«. In: Peter Robinson/ Nick C. Ellis (Hg.): Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics and Second Language Acquisition. New York 2008, S. 341–371.

    Google Scholar 

  • Madlener, Karin: Frequency Effects in Instructed Second Language Acquisition. Promotionsprojekt am GRK 1624 »Frequenzeffekte in der Sprache« der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg. Freiburg (in Vorbereitung).

  • Mair, Christian: »Change and variation in present-day English: Integrating the analysis of closed corpora and web-based monitoring«. In: Marianne Hundt/ Nadja Nesselhauf/ Carolin Biewer (Hg.): Corpus linguistics and the web. Amsterdam 2007, S. 233–248.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Marcus, Gary F./ Pinker, Steven/ Ullman, Michael/ Hollander, Michelle/ Rosen, T. John/ Fei, Xu: »Overregularization in language acquisition«. In: Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development 57/4 (1992), S. 1–182.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marr, David: Vision: A computational investigation into the human representation and processing of visual information. San Francisco 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maslen, Robert/ Lieven, Elena/ Theakston, Anna/ Tomasello, Michael: »A dense corpus study of past tense and plural overregularization in English«. In: Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research 47/1 (2004), S. 319–333.

    Google Scholar 

  • Matthews, Danielle/ Lieven, Elena/ Theakston, Anna/ Tomasello, Michael: »The role of frequency in the acquisition of English word order«. In: Cognitive Development 20 (2005), S. 121–136.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Matthews, Danielle/ Lieven, Elena/ Theakston, Anna/ Tomasello, Michael: »French children’s use and correction of weird word orders: A constructivist account«. In: Journal of Child Language 34, 2 (2007), S. 381–409.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Monaghan, Padraic/ Christiansen, Morten H.: »Integration of multiple probabilistic cues in syntax acquisition«. In: Heike Behrens (Hg.): Corpora in language acquisition research: Finding structure in data. Amsterdam 2008, S. 129–163.

    Google Scholar 

  • Müller-Feldmeth, Daniel: Modeling Frequency Effects in Local Syntactic Coherence Processing. Promotionsprojekt am GRK 1624 »Frequenzeffekte in der Sprache« der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg. Freiburg (in Vorbereitung).

  • Naigles, Letitia R./ Hoff-Ginsberg, Erika: »Why are some verbs learned before others?«. In: Journal of Child Language 25 (1998), S. 95–120.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Newmeyer, Frederick J.: »Grammar is Grammar and Usage is Usage«. In: Language 79/4 (2003), S. 682–707.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nkombong, Boniface: The Effect of L1 Constructions on Grammar Choice in L2/L3: Past Tense Transfer in Francophone and Hispanophone Learner Italian. Promotionsprojekt am GRK 1624 »Frequenzeffekte in der Sprache« der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg. Freiburg (in Vorbereitung).

  • Nübling, Damaris: Prinzipien der Irregularisierung: eine kontrastive Analyse von zehn Verben in zehn germanischen Sprachen (Linguistische Arbeiten 415). Tübingen 2000.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Pagel, Steve/ Pfänder, Stefan: »Französisch und Spanisch als Input im Sprachkontakt. Grammatikalisierung, Grundkonzepte und emergent grammar«. In: Christian Jerger (Hg.): Sprachkontakt in der Romania. Berlin 2001, S. 71–109.

    Google Scholar 

  • Patterson, D./ Connine, C. M.: »Variant Frequency in Flap Production. A Corpus Analysis of Variant Frequency in American English Flap Production«. In: Phonetica 58 (2001), S. 254–275.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pfänder, Stefan: Gramática Mestiza. Presencia del quechua en el castellano boliviano II. La Paz 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pinker, Steven: Words and rules: the ingredients of language. New York 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  • Poplack, Shana: »The inherent variability of the French subjunctive«. In: Christiane Laeufer/ Terrell A. Morgan (Hg.): Theoretical analyses in Romance linguistics. Amsterdam/Philadelphia 1992, S. 235–263.

    Google Scholar 

  • Poplack, Shana/ Tagliamonte, Sali: »Nothing in context: variation, grammaticization and past time marking in Nigerian Pidgin English«. In: P. Baker/ A. Syea (Hg.): Changing meanings, changing functions. Papers relating to grammaticalization in contact languages. Westminster 1996, S. 71–94.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rácz, P.: Salience in Sociolinguistics: A quantitative approach. Masterarbeit. Universität Freiburg. Freiburg 2012 (eingereicht in: Topics in English Linguistics).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rayner, Keith/ Duffy, Susan A.: »Lexical complexity and fi xation times in reading: Effects of word frequency, verb complexity, and lexical ambiguity«. In: Memory and Cognition 14 (1986), S. 191–201.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roeper, Tom: »What frequency can do and what it can’t«. In: Insa Gülzow/ Natalia Gagarina (Hg.): Frequency effects in language acquisition. Defi ning the limits of frequency as an explanatory concept. Berlin 2007, S. 23–51.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Roller, Katja: On the Relation Between Frequency and Salience in Welsh English Grammar. Promotionsprojekt am GRK 1624 »Frequenzeffekte in der Sprache« der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg. Freiburg (in Vorbereitung).

  • Rosemeyer, Malte: Auxiliary Selection in Spanish: Gradience, Gradualness and Conservation. Dissertation am GRK 1624 »Frequenzeffekte in der Sprache« der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg. Freiburg (eingereicht).

  • Rumelhart, David E./ McClelland, James L.: »On learning the past tense of English verbs«. In: James L. McClelland/ David E. Rumelhart (Hg.): Parallel distributed processing: Explorations in the microstructure of cognition. Bd. 2. Cambridge 1986, S. 216–271.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saffran, Jenny R.: »Statistical language learning: Mechanisms and constraints«. In: Current Directions in Psychological Science 12 (2003), S. 110–114.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schäfer, Michael: Phonetic Reduction of Adverbs in Icelandic. Promotionsprojekt am GRK 1624 »Frequenzeffekte in der Sprache« der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg. Freiburg (in Vorbereitung).

  • Schmitz, Kathrin (Hg.): »Frequency and Language Development«. In: Lingua Special Issue 120/12 (2010).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schneider, Ulrike: Frequency, Hesitations and Chunks. Promotionsprojekt am GRK 1624 »Frequenzeffekte in der Sprache« der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg. Freiburg (in Vorbereitung).

  • Schreuder, Robert/ Baayen Rolf Harald: »How complex simplex words can be«. In: Journal of Memory and Language 37 (1997), S. 118–139.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Suttle, Laura/ Goldberg, Adele E.: »The partial productivity of constructions as induction«. In: Linguistics 49/6 (2011), S. 1237–1269.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stefanowitsch, Anatol: »Constructional preemption by contextual mismatch: A corpus-linguistic investigation«. In: Cognitive Linguistics 22/1 (2005), S. 107–129.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stefanowitsch, Anatol/ Gries, Stefan Th.: »Collostructions: Investigating the interaction between words and constructions«. In: International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 8/2 (2003), S. 209–243.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Swain, Merill: »Three functions of output in second language learning«. In: Guy Cook/ Barbara Seidlhofer (Hg.): Principle and practice in applied linguistics. Oxford 1995, S. 125–144.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swain, Merrill: »The Output Hypothesis, focus on form, and second language learning«. In: V. Berry/ B. Adamson/ W. Littlewood (Hg.): Applying linguistics: Insights into language in education. Hong Kong 1998, S. 1–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Szmrecsanyi, Benedikt: Morphosyntactic persistence in spoken English. A corpus study at the intersection of variationist sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, and discourse analysis. Berlin/New York 2006.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Szmrecsanyi, Benedikt/ Kortmann, Bernd: »The morphosyntax of varieties of English worldwide: a quantitative perspective«. In: Lingua 119/11 (2009), S.1643–1663.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tanenhaus, Michael K./ Spivey-Knowlton, Michael J./ Eberhard, Kathleen M./ Sedivy, Julie C.: »Integration of visual and linguistic information in spoken language comprehension«. In: Science 268/5217 (1995), S. 1632–1634.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Theakston, Anna L./ Lieven, Elena V. M./ Pine, Julian M./ Rowland, Caroline E.: »Semantic generality, input frequency and the acquisition of syntax«. In: Journal of Child Language 31 (2004), S. 61–99.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tomasello, Michael: First verbs: A case study of early grammatical development. Cambridge 1992.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Tomasello, Michael: Constructing a language. Cambridge 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tomasello, Michael: The origins of human communication. Cambridge 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tölke, Vanessa: Frequenzeffekte bei der Normierung romanischer Minderheitensprachen–das Beispiel des Valencianischen. Promotionsprojekt am GRK 1624 »Frequenzeffekte in der Sprache « der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg. Freiburg (in Vorbereitung). Trasca, Luminita: Information Densifi cation in English and Romanian Written Styles: A Comparative Study of Contact, Frequency and Change. Promotionsprojekt am GRK 1624 »Frequenzeffekte in der Sprache« der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg. Freiburg (in Vorbereitung).

  • Trudgill, Peter: Dialects in contact. Oxford 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trueswell, John C./ Tanenhaus, Michael K./ Garnsey, Susan: »Semantic infl uences on parsing: Use of thematic role information in syntactic ambiguity resolution«. In: Journal of Memory and Language 33 (1994), S. 285–318.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Berkum, J. J. A./ Van den Brink, D./ Tesink, C. M. J. Y./ Kos, M.,/ Hagoort, P.: »The neural integration of speaker and message«. In: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 20/4 (2008), S. 580–591.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Everbroeck, Ezra: »Language type frequency and learnability from a connectionist perspective«, in: Linguistic Typology 7 (2003), S. 1–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weldle, Helmut: Konnektionistische Modellierung syntaktischen Sprachwandels. Unveröffentlichte Masterarbeit. Universität Freiburg. Freiburg 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wittek, Angelika/ Tomasello, Michael: »German children’s productivity with syntactic constructions and case morphology: Local cues act locally«. In: First Language 25 (2005), S. 103–125.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yang, Charles: »Counting grammars«. In: Insa Gülzow/ Natalia Gagarina (Hg.): Frequency effects in language acquisition: Defi ning the limits of frequency as an explanatory concept. Berlin 2007, S. 389–406.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduiertenkolleg DFG GRK 1624, »Frequenzeffekte in der Sprache«, Starkenstr. 44, D-79104, Freiburg, Deutschland

    Stefan Pfänder

  2. Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Zentrum für Kognitionswissenschaft, Friedrichstr. 50, D-79098, Freiburg, Deutschland

    Lars Konieczny

Authors
  1. Stefan Pfänder
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Heike Behrens
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Peter Auer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Daniel Jacob
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Rolf Kailuweit
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Lars Konieczny
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Bernd Kortmann
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Christian Mair
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Gerhard Strube
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Stefan Pfänder.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Pfänder, S., Behrens, H., Auer, P. et al. Erfahrung zählt. Frequenzeff ekte in der Sprache–ein Werkstattbericht. Z Literaturwiss Linguistik 43, 7–32 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03379870

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03379870

Search

Navigation