Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Feasibility of Electrolytic Conductivity of Aqueous Solutions Using Two-Electrode System

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
MAPAN Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The feasibility of electrolytic conductivity is performed using two-electrode system. A precision LCR meter is utilized to measure the ac resistance of electrolytic solution which is traceable to reference standard of impedance at CSIR-National Physical Laboratory. KCl solutions with different molality are used to establish the measurement system. The measurement of ac resistance is performed at frequencies above 10 kHz to minimize the impact of electrode polarization. Initially, the measurement setup was validated using a certified reference material. The KCl solutions with different molality are prepared gravimetrically. Thereafter, electrolytic conductivity of the aqueous solutions is computed for different molality of KCl solutions. The preliminary measurement suggested that the two-electrode system may be utilized for the measurement of electrolytic conductivity from 0.005 to 0.1 M upto 1 MHz.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. A. C. Lynch, A. E. Drake, and C. H. Dix, “Measurement of eddy-current conductivity, IEE Proc. A Phys. Sci. Meas. Instrum. Manag. Educ. Rev., (1983).

  2. L. Callegaro, F. Durbiano, E. Orru and B. Trinchera, An impedance spectrometer for the metrology of electrolytic conductivity. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., 62 (2013) 1766–1770.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  3. P. Arquint, P. Arquint, H. Bühler and S. Worbs, Traceable standards for electrolytic conductivity measurements required for pharmaceutical production. Chimia (Aarau), 63 (2009) 647–649.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. H. Czichos, T. Saito, and L. Smith, Handbook of metrology and testing. (2011).

  5. R. H. Shreiner and K. W. Pratt, Primary standards and standard reference materials for electrolytic conductivity. (2004).

  6. T. Asakai, I. Maksimov, S. Onuma, T. Suzuki, T. Miura and A. Hioki, New Japanese certified reference materials for electrolytic conductivity measurements. Accredit. Qual. Assur., 22 (2017) 73–81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. F. B. Gonzaga et al., CCQM–K36.2016 Electrolytic Conductivity at 0.5 S m-1 and 5 mS m-1 Final, (2015)

  8. B. Magnusson, Report of key comparison CCQM–K92, 2013.

  9. S.L. Schiefelbein, N.A. Fried, K.G. Rhoads and D.R. Sadoway, A high-accuracy, calibration-free technique for measuring the electrical conductivity of liquids. Rev. Sci. Instrum., 69 (1998) 3308–3313.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. E. Yeager, A. J. Salkind, and F. R. Foulkes, Techniques of electrochemistry, J. Electrochem. Soc., (1974).

  11. Agilent Technologies, Agilent impedance measurement handbook, 4th ed. 2009.

  12. K.W. Pratt, W.F. Koch, Y.C. Wu and P.A. Berezansky, Molality-based primary standards of electrolytic conductivity (IUPAC technical report). Pure Appl. Chem., 73 (2001) 1783–1793.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Satish, S. Kumar, Babita, T. John and A.K. Saxena, Realization of coaxial reference air-lines as high frequency capacitance standard at CSIR-NPL. Measurement, 92 (2016) 166–171.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  14. Satish, Babita, B. Khurana, S. Kumar and A.K. Saxena, Evaluation of four-terminal-pair capacitance standards using electrical equivalent circuit model. Measurement, 73 (2015) 121–126.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. Satish, S. Kumar, Babita, T. John, and A. K. Saxena, Evaluation of air dielectric four-terminal-pair capacitance standards using resonance frequency of impedance elements, Measurement, 100 (2017) 176–182.

  16. S. Singh, S. Kumar, Babita and T. John, Realization of four-terminal-pair capacitors as reference standards of impedance at high frequency using impedance-matrix method. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., 66 (2017) 2129–2135.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  17. Keysight, Operation and service manual: 16452A liquid test fixture.

  18. Joint Committee For Guides In Metrology, “Evaluation of measurement data–Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement,” Int. Organ. Stand. Geneva ISBN, 50 (2008) 134.

Download references

Acknowledgements

Authors would like to thank Director CSIR-NPL for his constant support and encouragement to carry out this work.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. LF, HF Impedance and DC Metrology, Electrical and Electronic Metrology Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India

    Satish, A. Hemavathi, Priyanka Jain, R. S. Meena, R. P. Aloysius, V. P. S. Awana & J. C. Biswas

  2. Bharatiya Nirdeshak Dravya, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India

    Anuj Krishna, S. Swarupa Tripathy & Nahar Singh

Authors
  1. Satish
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. A. Hemavathi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Anuj Krishna
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Priyanka Jain
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. R. S. Meena
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. R. P. Aloysius
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. S. Swarupa Tripathy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. V. P. S. Awana
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Nahar Singh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. J. C. Biswas
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Satish.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Satish, Hemavathi, A., Krishna, A. et al. Feasibility of Electrolytic Conductivity of Aqueous Solutions Using Two-Electrode System. MAPAN 38, 337–341 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12647-022-00612-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12647-022-00612-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation