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Crustal velocity structure of the Northwest Sub-basin of the South China Sea based on seismic data reprocessing

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Abstract

The deep crustal structure of the Northwest Sub-basin (NWSB) of the South China Sea (SCS) is of great importance for understanding the tectonic nature of the continent-ocean transition (COT) and magmatism in this oceanic basin. The 2-D wide-angle reflection/refraction seismic profile OBS2006-2 is almost parallel to the extinct spreading ridge (ESR) of the NWSB. In addition to the original data, we added the data of two reprocessed OBS stations, and carried out seismic phase re-picking and travel-time imaging to obtain the crustal velocity structure along this profile. Resolution tests demonstrate that the newly acquired velocity structure is more reliable than the prior interpretation. The depth of the Moho (23.5–11.8 km) and crustal thickness (20.5–6.5 km) systematically changes from continental crust of the Xisha Block to the oceanic crust within the NWSB. The COT zone has a width of ∼20 km and the depth of the Moho decreases from 15.0 to 11.0 km, corresponding to a ∼4 km decrease in crustal thickness (6–10 km). A high velocity layer (HVL, 7.2–7.4 km s−1) exists at the bottom of the crust at the location where the sharp lateral transition of the continental crust to the oceanic crust occurs. Age dating shows that the Double-peak Seamount was formed at ∼23 Ma, after the cessation of the NWSB seafloor spreading (∼32-25 Ma). The crust beneath the Double-peak Seamount is oceanic with a thickness of 9 km. We infer that this oceanic crust was formed by magmatic upwelling and decompression melting along a pre-existing zone of weakness.

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Acknowledgements

All crew of the “Fendou 7” of Shanghai Offshore Oil Bureau assisted in data acquisition of OBS2006-2 survey data; Professor Aiguo Ruan of the Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources provided the original log files of OBS2006-2; Xinming Pang, Zizheng Li, Fudong Yang, and Siqing Liu gave support and assistance in data processing. The GMT software (Wessel and Smith, 1998) was used for drawing some of the pictures. Three anonymous reviewers and scientific editors are thanked for their very careful reviews and constructive suggestions, which greatly enhanced the scientific and technical level of the paper. Xiaoyun Tang from Institute of Foreign Languages of CUG and Walter D. Mooney from US Geological Survey kindly read the final version of the manuscript. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41730532, 91958212, 91858212, 41606064), the Major Projects for Talent Research Team Introduction of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) (Grant No. GML2019ZD0204) and the Guangdong Natural Science Foundation Research Team Project (Grant No. 2017A030312002).

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  1. Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 511458, China

    Qiang Wang, Minghui Zhao, Haoyu Zhang, Jiazheng Zhang, Enyuan He, Ye Yuan & Xuelin Qiu

  2. Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 511458, China

    Qiang Wang, Minghui Zhao, Haoyu Zhang, Jiazheng Zhang, Enyuan He, Ye Yuan & Xuelin Qiu

  3. Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 511458, China

    Minghui Zhao, Jiazheng Zhang, Enyuan He & Xuelin Qiu

  4. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Qiang Wang, Minghui Zhao, Haoyu Zhang, Ye Yuan & Xuelin Qiu

  5. School of Resource Engineering, Longyan University, Longyan, 364000, China

    Qiang Wang

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Wang, Q., Zhao, M., Zhang, H. et al. Crustal velocity structure of the Northwest Sub-basin of the South China Sea based on seismic data reprocessing. Sci. China Earth Sci. 63, 1791–1806 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-020-9654-4

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