Description / Table of Contents: A comprehensive review on the development of zero waste management -- Crop residue management practices for sustaining soil health -- Biostimulation of microbes for enhanced oil removal from petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soils: A zero waste remediation approach.

Description / Table of Contents: Part 1: General issues and interdisciplinary approach to deep-sea mining -- Chapter 1: Deep-sea mining and the water column – an Introduction -- Chapter 2: Interdisciplinary approach to Deep Sea Mining - with an emphasis on the water column -- Part 2: Engineering concepts for deep-sea mining, ore handling and processing -- Chapter 3: Contemporary Technological Progress in Deep Sea Mining -- Chapter 4: Handling of bulk solids in a marine environment, from seabed to shore -- Chapter 5: Considerations for using Polymetallic Nodules as alternative metal extraction resource: focus on energy related applications -- Part 3: Approaches to sea surface and water column monitoring -- Chapter 6: Understanding deep-sea turbulence for environmental impact assessments -- Chapter 7: Turbidity at the source: aiming for minimized sediment dispersion during deep-sea mining -- Chapter 8: Applicability of satellite data in the selection of protected areas within REMP- Chapter 9: Assessment of possible environmental impacts using flow-cytometric analysis of metal toxicity in marine phytoplankton -- Part 4: Regional assessment of water column characteristics and management -- Chapter 10: Atmospheric and oceanographic characteristics of the BGR exploration area in the CCZ and model simulations of suspended sediment transport -- Chapter 11: Ocean current observations throughout the water column in the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone, tropical North Pacific -- Chapter 12: Biogeochemistry of the South Indian Ocean – Water Masses, Nutrient Distribution, and Sinking Particulate Matter -- Chapter 13: Multilevel assessment and options for the management of cumulative impacts on pelagic ecosystems in the north-eastern tropical Pacific Ocean -- Chapter 14: Marine mammal communities and human activities in the north-eastern tropical Pacific: Conservation and management strategies -- Part 5: Legal, policy and economic issues of deep-sea mining -- Chapter 15: The water column and seabed mining in the Area – selected environmental legal issues -- Chapter 16: Economic policy considerations for deep-sea mining -- Chapter 17: A Comparative Economic Scenario of Nodules Mining in Pacific and Indian Oceans, Associated Challenges and Their Prospects -- Chapter 18: Economic potential of polymetallic nodules mining.

Description / Table of Contents: Part I. The City and Social Justice: Theoretical and Methodological Considerations -- Chapter 1 Addressing Social and Spatial Justice Issues in American Universities: A Review of Architecture and Urban Planning Curricula -- Chapter 2 Architecture, Urban Planning and Social Justice: The Role of Transformative Design in Achieving Spatial Justice -- PART II. Designing for Social Justice: Urban “Shelters” -- Chapter 3 Social Justice and the Right to Housing as a Transformative Vision: American and Global Examples -- Chapter 4 Spatial Design and Management of Refugee Camps: Al Za’atri and Its Transformation from a Temporary Shelter to a Permanent “Slum” -- Chapter 5 Punishment or Transformative Rehabilitation? Architectural Design and Management of Maximum-Security Prisons in the United States and Norway -- PART III. Designing City Spaces and Social Justice: Contested Urban Landscapes -- Chapter 6 Architecture of Racial Segregation and Landscapes of Collective Memory: Transformation of the South Carolina State House Grounds -- Chapter 7 Reclaiming and Transforming the Cities During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic: American and Global Examples -- Epilogue -- Chapter 8 Architects, Planners, and Social Activists as Transformative “Spatial Agents”: Prospects and Limitations.

Description / Table of Contents: 1. History of Aquatic Toxicology -- 2. Introduction to Aquatic Toxicology -- 3. Model Organisms Used in Aquatic Toxicology -- 4. Freshwater toxicity tests and experimental environment procedures -- 5. LC50 Determination and Probit Analysis -- 6. Sampling Methods in Aquatic Toxicology -- 7. Classification of Pollution and Their Entry Rotues into Aquatic Ecosystems -- 8. Toxicology Mechanisms of Pollutants -- 9. Nanotoxicology -- 10. Experimental Animal Preference in Aquatic Toxicology.

Description / Table of Contents: Environmental Science -- Exploration of Resources and Environmental Protection -- Energy Economics and Management.

Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1 vulnerability of karst terranes to ground collapses and groundwater contamination -- chapter 2 monitoring and early warning of karst collapses -- chapter 3 geophysical techniques in sinkhole prediction and monitoring -- chapter 4 monitoring and early warning of karst collapses using brillouin optical time domain reflectometer -- chapter 5 hydrodynamic monitoring technique in collapse risk evaluation at datengxia water conservancy area, china -- chapter 6 detection and mitigation of groundwater contamination from highway stormwater runoff -- chapter 7 early detection of contaminant release from waste disposal facilities.

Description / Table of Contents: Part I: Introduction -- Chapter 1. Critical perspectives on the geographies of the platform economy -- Part II: Platformization and new forms of economic organisation -- Chapter 2. Platform cooperatives: an organisational model to counteract extractive and exploitative practices in the platform economy? -- Chapter 3. Ride-hailing corporations, territorial selectivity, and urban algorithmic inequalities in Brazil -- Chapter 4. Crowd-based geo-data production and platform capitalism. The case of OpenStreetMap -- Chapter 5. VCs, technology firms, and governance: examining the tentacles of digital growth -- Chapter 6. A critical perspective on the increasing power of digital platforms through the lens of conjunctural geographies -- Part III: The effects of platformization on work and employment -- Chapter 7. Digital platforms and labour agency in the logistics sector – the role of production network knowledge -- Chapter 8. Digital work and the struggle for labour representation: the food and grocery online retail sector in Berlin (Germany) -- Chapter 9. Positioning rural geography into platform economies: why we need to ask new questions when researching the rural platform economy -- Chapter 10. Digital platforms for (or against?) marginal areas: smart working and back-to-the-village rhetoric in Italy -- Part IV: Platforms, gig economy, and social-spatial vulnerabilities -- Chapter 11. All in a day’s work: impacts of on-demand platform delivery work on immigrant riders in Barcelona -- Chapter 12. The new kids on the street: ride-hailing platform drivers competing with informal motorbike taxi livelihoods in Hanoi, Vietnam -- Chapter 13. The digital dis-intermediation and social re-intermediation of labour in India’s gig economy -- Part V: Digital urban life futures -- Chapter 14. Digital politics, urban geographies: emergence as an orientation to life with platforms.

Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: Tools for Building Spatial Dependence Structure of Extreme Wave Heights at Regionally Neighboring Ports -- Chapter 2: Study on the Waves in Coastal zone at China-Maldives Friendship Bridge and the Protection Pan for Approach Bridge in Hulhumale -- Chapter 3: Research on multifractal scale characteristics of significant wave height time series -- Chapter 4: Wave condition measured at an offshore tower and wave prediction by using XGBboost -- Chapter 5: A Study on the Characteristics of Wave Variation in Ports under the Condition of Breakwater Expansion -- Chapter 6: Detection of Groundwater Flow Velocity Field in the Swash zone of the Coral Gravel Beach using Particle Tracking Velocimetry -- Chapter 7: Characteristics of wave-induced groundwater dynamics using harmonic analysis -- Chapter 8: Quantification of Wave-induced Liquefaction in Small-scale Surf Zone Sandbar -- Chapter 9: Analytical modeling of hydraulic jumps induced by river plume’slateral-boundary constriction.

Description / Table of Contents: Quantifying species responses to the effects of changing environmental conditions is critical for a better understanding of how climate change affects invasion, expansion, and contraction of marine coastal species. Climate change is leading to modifications in the marine coastal environment, to conditions not experienced before; climate change results in that marine organisms experience simultaneous changes in several environmental variables (=drivers: e.g. temperature, salinity, food). How simultaneous changes in multiple drivers are experienced depend on species-specific traits (e.g. physiological tolerance, developmental time); for instance, co-occurring native and non-native species may experience and respond to climate change in different ways. In addition, within species, responses to multiple drivers may vary across populations and environmental gradients. The general objective of this thesis was to quantify the effects of environmental drivers (temperature, salinity and food limitation) on performance of native and non-native species with focus on larval stages and using crabs as model systems. There were two main objectives, first to compare native and non-native species in the responses to multiple environmental drivers and to quantify larval responses to temperature across their distribution range. I focused on larvae because they play a critical role in population dynamics: larvae are important for the dispersion and connectivity of populations, and are more sensitive to changes in environmental conditions than adults. I used three ecologically relevant species of coastal areas of the North Sea and North Atlantic Ocean as models: Hemigrapsus sanguineus, Carcinus maenas and Hemigrapsus takanoi. C. maenas is native to Europe; Hemigrapsus spp. are both non-native species in the European coast, where they coexist with C. maenas as juveniles and adults in the benthos. I used factorial experiments rearing larvae from hatching to megalopae at different combinations of temperature and other environmental drivers (salinity, food limitation). Larval performance was quantified as survival, duration of development, and growth. The first series of result show that both non-native (Hemigrapsus spp) species had higher performance (high survival, shorter duration of development and high growth rates) than the native C. maenas at higher temperatures and at moderately low salinities (18 – 24 °C, 20 – 25 ‰). These results are comparable to another non-native species in Europe, the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. In H. sanguineus, larvae show moderate level of tolerance to limited access to food at high temperature, which contrasted to the low tolerance shown in native C. maenas. Experiments and modelling show that the nature of the multiple driver response depends strongly on the metric used to measure time, where my emphasis is on biological time (time to metamorphosis). The results from the populations comparisons showed species and gradient-specific responses. For H. takanoi, distributed over a salinity gradient (North Sea -Baltic Sea), larvae from the North Sea populations always showed higher survival and faster development compared with those from the Baltic Sea. The population near the limit of the distribution showed very low survival, suggesting that subsidies or complex ontogenetic migration patterns are needed for population persistence. Results did not show genetic differentiation among the studied populations in the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit one gene (COI) suggesting that there is high connectivity among populations. For C. maenas distributed across a latitudinal gradient (South: Vigo, Spain; North: Bergen and Trondheim, Norway) and reared under different temperatures (range 6 to 27 °C in steps of 3 °C), there was little variation in survival and growth among populations. However, larvae from the Norwegian populations had a slightly shorter duration of development at low temperatures than those from Vigo, this response has an adaptive value in that it could sustain survival in scenarios of reduced temperature, by shortening the larval phase, when mortality rates are high. Besides, results from this experiment (as well as for the mentioned above) showed high intrapopulation variability in larval performance which has a potential to affect range expansion of the above-mentioned species. Variation in the responses of larval stages to the effects of different environmental drivers highlights the importance of using physiological descriptors to quantify the performance of marine invertebrates to changing environments. Larval responses vary in rates of survival but also in the duration of time to achieve metamorphosis, as well as the rate at which the organisms grow, with concomitant effects on post-metamorphic success, which in seasonal habitats may strongly depend on temperature. The results from the thesis highlight the importance of quantifying the responses of marine invertebrates to changing environmental conditions, considering different species and species distributed across different gradients as well as variations among and within species.