Description / Table of Contents: Part I. The City and Social Justice: Theoretical and Methodological Considerations -- Chapter 1 Addressing Social and Spatial Justice Issues in American Universities: A Review of Architecture and Urban Planning Curricula -- Chapter 2 Architecture, Urban Planning and Social Justice: The Role of Transformative Design in Achieving Spatial Justice -- PART II. Designing for Social Justice: Urban “Shelters” -- Chapter 3 Social Justice and the Right to Housing as a Transformative Vision: American and Global Examples -- Chapter 4 Spatial Design and Management of Refugee Camps: Al Za’atri and Its Transformation from a Temporary Shelter to a Permanent “Slum” -- Chapter 5 Punishment or Transformative Rehabilitation? Architectural Design and Management of Maximum-Security Prisons in the United States and Norway -- PART III. Designing City Spaces and Social Justice: Contested Urban Landscapes -- Chapter 6 Architecture of Racial Segregation and Landscapes of Collective Memory: Transformation of the South Carolina State House Grounds -- Chapter 7 Reclaiming and Transforming the Cities During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic: American and Global Examples -- Epilogue -- Chapter 8 Architects, Planners, and Social Activists as Transformative “Spatial Agents”: Prospects and Limitations.

Description / Table of Contents: The Built Environment in the Context of the New Urban Agenda: An Overview -- The Built Environment as a Value Chain Process.-The Biophysical Environment: Key Ingredient in Shaping the Built Environment -- Geoinformatics and Land Surveying Steering the New Urban Agenda in Zimbabwe -- Spatial Planning Steering the New Urban Agenda in Zimbabwe -- Construction and Civil Engineering Steering the New Urban Agenda in Zimbabwe -- The Role of architecture in implementing the New Urban Agenda -- Sustainable Urban Mobility and the New Urban Agenda in Zimbabwe -- Quantity Surveying Steering the New Urban Agenda in Zimbabwe -- A review of the contribution of the real estate sector towards the attainment of the New Urban Agenda in Zimbabwe -- Institutions, Laws and Governance Structures for Developing and Managing the Built Environment: Elephant in the Room for Advancing the New Urban Agenda -- Climate Resilience and the New Urban Agenda in Zimbabwe: The Role of the Built Environment Disciplines and Practice -- The New Urban Agenda in Zimbabwe: Policy and the Future .

Description / Table of Contents: This important book presents impactful findings from international longitudinal studies that responded to the Agenda 2030 commitment to "leave no-one behind".It provides actionable strategies for policy makers and practitioners to strengthen the global Sustainable Development Goals framework and accelerate their implementation.

Description / Table of Contents: Intro -- Contents -- Introduction -- Language and Identity in the Media -- Language Acquisition and Education -- Language and Politics -- Section I: Language and Identity in the Media -- Chapter 1 -- Portrait of Korean Adolescent: Verbal Signs in IU's Song Lyrics -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Semiotics: Finding the Meaning Behind a Sign -- Research Method -- The Mindset of an Adolescent in IU's Song Lyrics -- Interpersonal Relationship of IU in Song Lyrics as an Adolescent -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2 -- Imperative Politeness in the Animated Film Series Ṣalahuddin Al-Ayyubi "Al-Baṭal Al-Usṭūrah" (A Pragmatic Analysis) -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Research Method -- Selecting Films -- Orthographic Transcription -- Literature Studies -- An Overview Of Ṣalahuddin Al- Ayyubi "Al-Baṭal Al-Usṭūrah" -- Speech-Act Theory -- A Locutionary Act (The Act of Saying Something) -- An Illocutionary Act (The Act of Doing Something) -- A Perlocutionary Act (The Act of Affecting Something) -- Politeness Scale -- Social Distance between the Speaker and the Listener -- Social Status Rating Scale between Speaker and Speech Partner (the Speaker and Listener's Relative Power) -- Speech-Act Rating Scale (Goods or Service) -- Politeness Scale -- Pragmatic Meaning of Imperatives in Arabic -- Analysis of Pragmatic Meaning of Imperative Politeness -- Imperative Pragmatic Speeches with a 'Request' الدعاء)) Meaning -- Imperative Pragmatic Speeches with 'Appeal' (الإرشاد) Meaning -- Imperative Pragmatic Speeches with 'Vocative' ((النداء Meaning -- Imperative Pragmatic Speeches Meaning 'Order' الإلتماس)) -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3 -- Yearning for Korean Independence: Dongju's Poems in the Japanese Colonial Era -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Reviews on Peirce's Semiotic Theory -- Research Method.

Description / Table of Contents: The research findings of this qualitative multi-case study disclose five common diffusional patterns: multi-faceted transmission, caring translation, clear turnaround, deep transformation, and continual retransmission.

Description / Table of Contents: General introduction -- Navigating the dimensions of poverty from global goals to local realities -- Definition and importance of formal land titling -- Sub-Saharan Africa's customary practices and land titling policy reforms -- Land titling and its effects -- Is land titling beneficial for active poverty reduction?- Overcoming constraints and empowering small and medium-sized enterprises through land titling -- Summary and policy implications.

Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: Tools for Building Spatial Dependence Structure of Extreme Wave Heights at Regionally Neighboring Ports -- Chapter 2: Study on the Waves in Coastal zone at China-Maldives Friendship Bridge and the Protection Pan for Approach Bridge in Hulhumale -- Chapter 3: Research on multifractal scale characteristics of significant wave height time series -- Chapter 4: Wave condition measured at an offshore tower and wave prediction by using XGBboost -- Chapter 5: A Study on the Characteristics of Wave Variation in Ports under the Condition of Breakwater Expansion -- Chapter 6: Detection of Groundwater Flow Velocity Field in the Swash zone of the Coral Gravel Beach using Particle Tracking Velocimetry -- Chapter 7: Characteristics of wave-induced groundwater dynamics using harmonic analysis -- Chapter 8: Quantification of Wave-induced Liquefaction in Small-scale Surf Zone Sandbar -- Chapter 9: Analytical modeling of hydraulic jumps induced by river plume’slateral-boundary constriction.

Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Urbanization and urban climate in high-density cities -- Chapter 2. Origins and evolution of the Local Climate Zone classification system -- Chapter 3. Current popular methods for LCZ mapping -- Chapter 4. Recent improvements in supervised pixel-based LCZ classification -- Chapter 5. Application of LCZ to urban heat island studies -- Chapter 6. Application of LCZ to land use and land cover studies -- Chapter 7. Application of LCZ to wind environment studies -- Chapter 8. Application of LCZ to energy consumption and carbon emission modeling -- Chapter 9. Application of LCZ to thermal comfort and health-related studies -- Chapter 10. Application of LCZ to time-series urban morphology detection -- Chapter 11. Application of LCZ in mesoscale meteorological model simulations and climate projection -- Chapter 12. Integration of LCZ to planning strategies -- Chapter 13. Conclusions and outlook.

Description / Table of Contents: Quantifying species responses to the effects of changing environmental conditions is critical for a better understanding of how climate change affects invasion, expansion, and contraction of marine coastal species. Climate change is leading to modifications in the marine coastal environment, to conditions not experienced before; climate change results in that marine organisms experience simultaneous changes in several environmental variables (=drivers: e.g. temperature, salinity, food). How simultaneous changes in multiple drivers are experienced depend on species-specific traits (e.g. physiological tolerance, developmental time); for instance, co-occurring native and non-native species may experience and respond to climate change in different ways. In addition, within species, responses to multiple drivers may vary across populations and environmental gradients. The general objective of this thesis was to quantify the effects of environmental drivers (temperature, salinity and food limitation) on performance of native and non-native species with focus on larval stages and using crabs as model systems. There were two main objectives, first to compare native and non-native species in the responses to multiple environmental drivers and to quantify larval responses to temperature across their distribution range. I focused on larvae because they play a critical role in population dynamics: larvae are important for the dispersion and connectivity of populations, and are more sensitive to changes in environmental conditions than adults. I used three ecologically relevant species of coastal areas of the North Sea and North Atlantic Ocean as models: Hemigrapsus sanguineus, Carcinus maenas and Hemigrapsus takanoi. C. maenas is native to Europe; Hemigrapsus spp. are both non-native species in the European coast, where they coexist with C. maenas as juveniles and adults in the benthos. I used factorial experiments rearing larvae from hatching to megalopae at different combinations of temperature and other environmental drivers (salinity, food limitation). Larval performance was quantified as survival, duration of development, and growth. The first series of result show that both non-native (Hemigrapsus spp) species had higher performance (high survival, shorter duration of development and high growth rates) than the native C. maenas at higher temperatures and at moderately low salinities (18 – 24 °C, 20 – 25 ‰). These results are comparable to another non-native species in Europe, the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. In H. sanguineus, larvae show moderate level of tolerance to limited access to food at high temperature, which contrasted to the low tolerance shown in native C. maenas. Experiments and modelling show that the nature of the multiple driver response depends strongly on the metric used to measure time, where my emphasis is on biological time (time to metamorphosis). The results from the populations comparisons showed species and gradient-specific responses. For H. takanoi, distributed over a salinity gradient (North Sea -Baltic Sea), larvae from the North Sea populations always showed higher survival and faster development compared with those from the Baltic Sea. The population near the limit of the distribution showed very low survival, suggesting that subsidies or complex ontogenetic migration patterns are needed for population persistence. Results did not show genetic differentiation among the studied populations in the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit one gene (COI) suggesting that there is high connectivity among populations. For C. maenas distributed across a latitudinal gradient (South: Vigo, Spain; North: Bergen and Trondheim, Norway) and reared under different temperatures (range 6 to 27 °C in steps of 3 °C), there was little variation in survival and growth among populations. However, larvae from the Norwegian populations had a slightly shorter duration of development at low temperatures than those from Vigo, this response has an adaptive value in that it could sustain survival in scenarios of reduced temperature, by shortening the larval phase, when mortality rates are high. Besides, results from this experiment (as well as for the mentioned above) showed high intrapopulation variability in larval performance which has a potential to affect range expansion of the above-mentioned species. Variation in the responses of larval stages to the effects of different environmental drivers highlights the importance of using physiological descriptors to quantify the performance of marine invertebrates to changing environments. Larval responses vary in rates of survival but also in the duration of time to achieve metamorphosis, as well as the rate at which the organisms grow, with concomitant effects on post-metamorphic success, which in seasonal habitats may strongly depend on temperature. The results from the thesis highlight the importance of quantifying the responses of marine invertebrates to changing environmental conditions, considering different species and species distributed across different gradients as well as variations among and within species.