Description / Table of Contents: Environmental Science -- Exploration of Resources and Environmental Protection -- Energy Economics and Management.

Description / Table of Contents: Institutional Quality, ICT Infrastructure, Transportation and Sustainable Development: The Case of Lower-Income Countries -- Does globalization promote green growth? Empirical evidence from Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development countries -- The causal relationship between globalization and income inequality in the world: Towards the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals -- Examining the long and short run asymmetric effects of climate change on food security in Tunisia -- Neoliberalism, Climate Risks, and Resilience-Building in the Caribbean -- A fuzzy approach to assessing progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals: Using Choquet Integral aggregation -- Underlying the Impact of Economic, Social, and Governance Adaptation on Poverty Reduction under the Shadow of External Financial Inflows – Panel estimation from the Sub-Saharan Region.

Description / Table of Contents: Part I. The City and Social Justice: Theoretical and Methodological Considerations -- Chapter 1 Addressing Social and Spatial Justice Issues in American Universities: A Review of Architecture and Urban Planning Curricula -- Chapter 2 Architecture, Urban Planning and Social Justice: The Role of Transformative Design in Achieving Spatial Justice -- PART II. Designing for Social Justice: Urban “Shelters” -- Chapter 3 Social Justice and the Right to Housing as a Transformative Vision: American and Global Examples -- Chapter 4 Spatial Design and Management of Refugee Camps: Al Za’atri and Its Transformation from a Temporary Shelter to a Permanent “Slum” -- Chapter 5 Punishment or Transformative Rehabilitation? Architectural Design and Management of Maximum-Security Prisons in the United States and Norway -- PART III. Designing City Spaces and Social Justice: Contested Urban Landscapes -- Chapter 6 Architecture of Racial Segregation and Landscapes of Collective Memory: Transformation of the South Carolina State House Grounds -- Chapter 7 Reclaiming and Transforming the Cities During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic: American and Global Examples -- Epilogue -- Chapter 8 Architects, Planners, and Social Activists as Transformative “Spatial Agents”: Prospects and Limitations.

Description / Table of Contents: This important book presents impactful findings from international longitudinal studies that responded to the Agenda 2030 commitment to "leave no-one behind".It provides actionable strategies for policy makers and practitioners to strengthen the global Sustainable Development Goals framework and accelerate their implementation.

Description / Table of Contents: Intro -- Contents -- Introduction -- Language and Identity in the Media -- Language Acquisition and Education -- Language and Politics -- Section I: Language and Identity in the Media -- Chapter 1 -- Portrait of Korean Adolescent: Verbal Signs in IU's Song Lyrics -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Semiotics: Finding the Meaning Behind a Sign -- Research Method -- The Mindset of an Adolescent in IU's Song Lyrics -- Interpersonal Relationship of IU in Song Lyrics as an Adolescent -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2 -- Imperative Politeness in the Animated Film Series Ṣalahuddin Al-Ayyubi "Al-Baṭal Al-Usṭūrah" (A Pragmatic Analysis) -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Research Method -- Selecting Films -- Orthographic Transcription -- Literature Studies -- An Overview Of Ṣalahuddin Al- Ayyubi "Al-Baṭal Al-Usṭūrah" -- Speech-Act Theory -- A Locutionary Act (The Act of Saying Something) -- An Illocutionary Act (The Act of Doing Something) -- A Perlocutionary Act (The Act of Affecting Something) -- Politeness Scale -- Social Distance between the Speaker and the Listener -- Social Status Rating Scale between Speaker and Speech Partner (the Speaker and Listener's Relative Power) -- Speech-Act Rating Scale (Goods or Service) -- Politeness Scale -- Pragmatic Meaning of Imperatives in Arabic -- Analysis of Pragmatic Meaning of Imperative Politeness -- Imperative Pragmatic Speeches with a 'Request' الدعاء)) Meaning -- Imperative Pragmatic Speeches with 'Appeal' (الإرشاد) Meaning -- Imperative Pragmatic Speeches with 'Vocative' ((النداء Meaning -- Imperative Pragmatic Speeches Meaning 'Order' الإلتماس)) -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3 -- Yearning for Korean Independence: Dongju's Poems in the Japanese Colonial Era -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Reviews on Peirce's Semiotic Theory -- Research Method.

Description / Table of Contents: The research findings of this qualitative multi-case study disclose five common diffusional patterns: multi-faceted transmission, caring translation, clear turnaround, deep transformation, and continual retransmission.

Description / Table of Contents: Part I: Introduction -- Chapter 1. Critical perspectives on the geographies of the platform economy -- Part II: Platformization and new forms of economic organisation -- Chapter 2. Platform cooperatives: an organisational model to counteract extractive and exploitative practices in the platform economy? -- Chapter 3. Ride-hailing corporations, territorial selectivity, and urban algorithmic inequalities in Brazil -- Chapter 4. Crowd-based geo-data production and platform capitalism. The case of OpenStreetMap -- Chapter 5. VCs, technology firms, and governance: examining the tentacles of digital growth -- Chapter 6. A critical perspective on the increasing power of digital platforms through the lens of conjunctural geographies -- Part III: The effects of platformization on work and employment -- Chapter 7. Digital platforms and labour agency in the logistics sector – the role of production network knowledge -- Chapter 8. Digital work and the struggle for labour representation: the food and grocery online retail sector in Berlin (Germany) -- Chapter 9. Positioning rural geography into platform economies: why we need to ask new questions when researching the rural platform economy -- Chapter 10. Digital platforms for (or against?) marginal areas: smart working and back-to-the-village rhetoric in Italy -- Part IV: Platforms, gig economy, and social-spatial vulnerabilities -- Chapter 11. All in a day’s work: impacts of on-demand platform delivery work on immigrant riders in Barcelona -- Chapter 12. The new kids on the street: ride-hailing platform drivers competing with informal motorbike taxi livelihoods in Hanoi, Vietnam -- Chapter 13. The digital dis-intermediation and social re-intermediation of labour in India’s gig economy -- Part V: Digital urban life futures -- Chapter 14. Digital politics, urban geographies: emergence as an orientation to life with platforms.

Description / Table of Contents: Marine fish play important functional roles within the carbon cycle, including the production and excretion of intestinal carbonates. With fish accounting for at least 3-15% of total marine carbonate production, the global significance of this process is clear. A comprehensive assessment of the drivers of fish carbonate excretion rate and mineralogy is however lacking. Closing this gap is imperative to fully understand the role of fish in the inorganic carbon cycle and to predict how it may change in future. Focusing on tropical and subtropical reefs, this thesis assessed the drivers of fish contributions to the inorganic carbon cycle at different ecological levels and spatial scales. At the individual level, this project compiled intestinal traits for 142 species and carbonate excretion rates and mineralogy for 85 species. A comprehensive modelling approach then identified the species traits and environmental factors that influence individual excretion rates and mineralogy. At the community level and at the global scale, a novel analysis of 〉1,400 reefs mapped distribution patterns in fish carbonate excretion and mineralogy. A causal inference analysis identified the major ecological, environmental, and socio-economic factors driving these community-level patterns. At the regional scale (i.e., in the Australian coral reefs context), structural equation models disentangled the indirect effects of human gravity (i.e., a proxy for human pressure) and fisheries management on fish contributions to inorganic carbon cycling. Findings at the individual level confirmed the long-assumed direct link between fish carbonate excretion and metabolic rate and showed that diet strongly influences intestinal morphology. Relative intestinal length was uncovered as a strong driver of carbonate excretion rates and mineralogy, as were taxonomic identity and temperature. Current global patterns of fish contribution to the inorganic carbon cycle are primarily driven by fish community structure, sea surface temperature, and human gravity. Carbonate excretion rates peaked in highly productive areas supporting high fish biomass, especially within the upper trophic levels, and where human gravity is low. Globally, fish communities predominantly excrete the more soluble carbonates and their proportion increases with increasing temperature. On Australian reefs, fish carbonate excretion was strongly affected by human impact through reduced fish biomass despite the region’s relatively low fishing pressure. In this particular geographic context, current fisheries management is not sufficient to maintain fish carbonate excretion, despite positive effects on fish biodiversity. This thesis advances our understanding of the role of fish in inorganic carbon cycling from the physiological, ecological, biogeographic, chemical, mineralogical, and conservation perspectives. It unravels the complex variability of this function across ecological levels and spatial scales. Coupled with predictive models, this information could yield solid predictions of the future levels of this function in light of anthropogenic impacts and climate-driven range shifts. While fish carbonate excretion may increase with climate change, excreted carbonates will dissolve faster and/or at shallower water depths, thereby changing their influence on seawater chemistry and reducing their sedimentation potential. Protecting large predators would promote inorganic carbonate production and other fish roles within the carbon cycle. However, fisheries management has in places limited capacity to sustain fish inorganic carbon cycling. The need for effective, context-tailored management approaches that address socio-economic factors beyond fishing pressure is strongly emphasised.

Description / Table of Contents: Quantifying species responses to the effects of changing environmental conditions is critical for a better understanding of how climate change affects invasion, expansion, and contraction of marine coastal species. Climate change is leading to modifications in the marine coastal environment, to conditions not experienced before; climate change results in that marine organisms experience simultaneous changes in several environmental variables (=drivers: e.g. temperature, salinity, food). How simultaneous changes in multiple drivers are experienced depend on species-specific traits (e.g. physiological tolerance, developmental time); for instance, co-occurring native and non-native species may experience and respond to climate change in different ways. In addition, within species, responses to multiple drivers may vary across populations and environmental gradients. The general objective of this thesis was to quantify the effects of environmental drivers (temperature, salinity and food limitation) on performance of native and non-native species with focus on larval stages and using crabs as model systems. There were two main objectives, first to compare native and non-native species in the responses to multiple environmental drivers and to quantify larval responses to temperature across their distribution range. I focused on larvae because they play a critical role in population dynamics: larvae are important for the dispersion and connectivity of populations, and are more sensitive to changes in environmental conditions than adults. I used three ecologically relevant species of coastal areas of the North Sea and North Atlantic Ocean as models: Hemigrapsus sanguineus, Carcinus maenas and Hemigrapsus takanoi. C. maenas is native to Europe; Hemigrapsus spp. are both non-native species in the European coast, where they coexist with C. maenas as juveniles and adults in the benthos. I used factorial experiments rearing larvae from hatching to megalopae at different combinations of temperature and other environmental drivers (salinity, food limitation). Larval performance was quantified as survival, duration of development, and growth. The first series of result show that both non-native (Hemigrapsus spp) species had higher performance (high survival, shorter duration of development and high growth rates) than the native C. maenas at higher temperatures and at moderately low salinities (18 – 24 °C, 20 – 25 ‰). These results are comparable to another non-native species in Europe, the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. In H. sanguineus, larvae show moderate level of tolerance to limited access to food at high temperature, which contrasted to the low tolerance shown in native C. maenas. Experiments and modelling show that the nature of the multiple driver response depends strongly on the metric used to measure time, where my emphasis is on biological time (time to metamorphosis). The results from the populations comparisons showed species and gradient-specific responses. For H. takanoi, distributed over a salinity gradient (North Sea -Baltic Sea), larvae from the North Sea populations always showed higher survival and faster development compared with those from the Baltic Sea. The population near the limit of the distribution showed very low survival, suggesting that subsidies or complex ontogenetic migration patterns are needed for population persistence. Results did not show genetic differentiation among the studied populations in the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit one gene (COI) suggesting that there is high connectivity among populations. For C. maenas distributed across a latitudinal gradient (South: Vigo, Spain; North: Bergen and Trondheim, Norway) and reared under different temperatures (range 6 to 27 °C in steps of 3 °C), there was little variation in survival and growth among populations. However, larvae from the Norwegian populations had a slightly shorter duration of development at low temperatures than those from Vigo, this response has an adaptive value in that it could sustain survival in scenarios of reduced temperature, by shortening the larval phase, when mortality rates are high. Besides, results from this experiment (as well as for the mentioned above) showed high intrapopulation variability in larval performance which has a potential to affect range expansion of the above-mentioned species. Variation in the responses of larval stages to the effects of different environmental drivers highlights the importance of using physiological descriptors to quantify the performance of marine invertebrates to changing environments. Larval responses vary in rates of survival but also in the duration of time to achieve metamorphosis, as well as the rate at which the organisms grow, with concomitant effects on post-metamorphic success, which in seasonal habitats may strongly depend on temperature. The results from the thesis highlight the importance of quantifying the responses of marine invertebrates to changing environmental conditions, considering different species and species distributed across different gradients as well as variations among and within species.