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  • Articles  (274)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2012-12-01
    Description:    Patch geometry and habitat quality among patches are widely recognized as important factors affecting population dynamics in fragmented landscapes. Little is known, however, about the influence of within-patch habitat quality on population dynamics. In this paper, we investigate the relative importance of patch geometry and within-patch habitat quality in determining population dynamics using a spatially explicit, agent-based model. We simulate two mobile species that differ in their species traits: one resembles a habitat specialist and the other a habitat generalist. Habitat quality varies continuously within habitat patches in space (and time). The results show that spatial variation in within-patch quality, together with patch area, controls population abundance of the habitat specialist. In contrast, the population size of the generalist species depends on patch area and isolation. Temporal variation in within-patch quality is, however, less influential in driving the population resilience of both species. We conclude that specialist species are more sensitive than generalist species to within-patch variation in habitat quality. The patch area-isolation paradigm, developed in metapopulation theory, should incorporate variation in within-patch habitat quality, particularly for habitat specialists. Content Type Journal Article Category Research Article Pages 1-13 DOI 10.1007/s10980-012-9826-0 Authors Xinping Ye, Department of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, P. O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands Andrew K. Skidmore, Department of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, P. O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands Tiejun Wang, Department of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, P. O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands Journal Landscape Ecology Online ISSN 1572-9761 Print ISSN 0921-2973
    Print ISSN: 0921-2973
    Electronic ISSN: 1572-9761
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2012-11-22
    Description:    Linking spatial pattern and process is a difficult task in landscape ecology because spatial patterns of populations result from complex factors such as individual traits, the spatio-temporal variation of the habitat, and the relationships between the target species and other species. Mechanistic models provide tools to bridge this gap but they are seldom used to study the influence of landscape patterns on biological processes. In this paper, we develop a methodological approach based on sensitivity and multivariate analyses to investigate the relationship between the biological parameters of species and landscape characteristics. As a case study, we used a tritrophic system that includes a host plant (oilseed rape, Brassica napus L.), a pest of the host plant (the pollen beetle, Meligethes aeneus F.), and the main parasitoid of the pest ( Tersilochus heterocerus ). This tritrophic system was recently represented by a model (Mosaic-Pest) that is spatially explicit at the landscape scale and that includes 32 biological parameters. In the current study, model simulations were compared with observed data from 35 landscapes differing in configuration. Sensitivity analysis using the Morris method identified those biological parameters that were highly sensitive to landscape configuration. Then, multivariate analyses revealed how a parameter’s influence on model output could be affected by landscape composition. Comparison of simulated and observed data helped us decrease the uncertainty surrounding the estimated values of the literature-derived parameters describing beetle dispersal and stage transition of the parasitoid at emergence. The advantages of using multivariate sensitivity analyses to disentangle the links between patterns and processes in landscape-scale spatially explicit models are discussed. Content Type Journal Article Category Research Article Pages 1-15 DOI 10.1007/s10980-012-9822-4 Authors Fabrice Vinatier, INRA, UMR1221 LISAH, 2 Place Pierre Viala, 34060 Montpellier Cedex, France Marie Gosme, INRA, UMR 211 Agronomie, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France Muriel Valantin-Morison, INRA, UMR 211 Agronomie, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France Journal Landscape Ecology Online ISSN 1572-9761 Print ISSN 0921-2973
    Print ISSN: 0921-2973
    Electronic ISSN: 1572-9761
    Topics: Biology
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2012-11-19
    Description: Strategies for conserving plants through (re) introduction Content Type Journal Article Category Book Review Pages 1-2 DOI 10.1007/s10980-012-9823-3 Authors Mark W. Schwartz, John Muir Institute of the Environment, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA Journal Landscape Ecology Online ISSN 1572-9761 Print ISSN 0921-2973
    Print ISSN: 0921-2973
    Electronic ISSN: 1572-9761
    Topics: Biology
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  • 4
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    Publication Date: 2012-11-19
    Description: Using expert knowledge in landscape ecology Content Type Journal Article Category Book Review Pages 1-2 DOI 10.1007/s10980-012-9824-2 Authors Eric J. Gustafson, USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station, Rhinelander, WI 54501, USA Journal Landscape Ecology Online ISSN 1572-9761 Print ISSN 0921-2973
    Print ISSN: 0921-2973
    Electronic ISSN: 1572-9761
    Topics: Biology
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2012-11-12
    Description:    Mediterranean regions are under increasing pressure from global climate changes. Many have experienced more frequent extreme weather events such as droughts and heatwaves, which have severe implications for the persistence of forest ecosystems. This study reports on a landscape-scale assessment investigating potential associated factors of crown dieback in dominant tree species following an extreme dry and hot year/summer of 2010/11 in the Northern Jarrah Forest of Western Australia. Analyses focussed on the influence of (i) geology, (ii) topography, (iii) climate, and (iv) fire history. The results showed that trees on specific soils were more likely to show canopy dieback. Generally, trees on rocky soils with low water holding capacity were found to be affected more frequently. Other explanatory factors identified that dieback occurred (i) on sites that were close to rock outcrops, (ii) in areas that received a slightly higher amount of annual rainfall compared to the surrounding landscape, (iii) on sites at high elevations and (vi) on steep slopes, and (v) in areas that were generally slightly warmer than their surroundings. These results expand our understanding of how landscape-scale factors contribute to the effects of an extreme drought and heating event in Mediterranean forest ecosystems, and give indications of where changes are likely to occur within the landscape in the future. The analogues with other Mediterranean climate regions make the results of this study transferable and a starting point for further investigations. Content Type Journal Article Category Research Article Pages 1-12 DOI 10.1007/s10980-012-9815-3 Authors Niels Brouwers, State Centre of Excellence for Climate Change, Woodland and Forest Health, School of Environmental Science, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia George Matusick, State Centre of Excellence for Climate Change, Woodland and Forest Health, School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia Katinka Ruthrof, State Centre of Excellence for Climate Change, Woodland and Forest Health, School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia Thomas Lyons, State Centre of Excellence for Climate Change, Woodland and Forest Health, School of Environmental Science, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia Giles Hardy, State Centre of Excellence for Climate Change, Woodland and Forest Health, School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia Journal Landscape Ecology Online ISSN 1572-9761 Print ISSN 0921-2973
    Print ISSN: 0921-2973
    Electronic ISSN: 1572-9761
    Topics: Biology
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2012-11-10
    Description:    Although it is widely recognized that animal movement may be facilitated by corridors and hindered by the matrix, the influence of matrix composition on the use of corridors still remain poorly understood. We used translocation experiments and state-space models to assess if the movement response of the frugivorous bird, the austral thrush, to riparian forest strips varies depending on matrix composition (open pasture vs. eucalyptus plantation). In agricultural landscapes, the directions displayed by most birds when moving in the open pasture matrix were consistent with an edge-following behavior. Riparian strips also functioned as passive drift fences in agricultural landscapes, with strips being used as conduits for movements once birds entered into a riparian strip. Our results suggest that visual perception of riparian strips by birds is hampered by the complex habitat structure in the eucalyptus matrix and that the use of riparian strips as habitat is conditioned by the surrounding matrix. Content Type Journal Article Category Research Article Pages 1-13 DOI 10.1007/s10980-012-9821-5 Authors Pablo M. Vergara, Departamento de Gestión Agraria, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins, 3363 Santiago, Chile Christian G. Pérez-Hernández, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales y Recursos Naturales Renovables, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile Ingo J. Hahn, Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany Jaime E. Jiménez, Department of Biological Sciences & Department of Philosophy and Religion Studies, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA Journal Landscape Ecology Online ISSN 1572-9761 Print ISSN 0921-2973
    Print ISSN: 0921-2973
    Electronic ISSN: 1572-9761
    Topics: Biology
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2012-11-10
    Description:    Agricultural sustainability considers the effects of farm activities on social, economic, and environmental conditions at local and regional scales. Adoption of more sustainable agricultural practices entails defining sustainability, developing easily measured indicators of sustainability, moving toward integrated agricultural systems, and offering incentives or imposing regulations to affect farmer behavior. Landscape ecology is an informative discipline in considering sustainability because it provides theory and methods for dealing with spatial heterogeneity, scaling, integration, and complexity. To move toward more sustainable agriculture, we propose adopting a systems perspective, recognizing spatial heterogeneity, integrating landscape-design principles and addressing the influences of context, such as the particular products and their distribution, policy background, stakeholder values, location, temporal influences, spatial scale, and baseline conditions. Topics that need further attention at local and regional scales include (1) protocols for quantifying material and energy flows; (2) standard specifications for management practices and corresponding effects; (3) incentives and disincentives for enhancing economic, environmental, and social conditions (including financial, regulatory and other behavioral motivations); (4) integrated landscape planning and management; (5) monitoring and assessment; (6) effects of societal demand; and (7) integrative policies for promoting agricultural sustainability. Content Type Journal Article Category Research Article Pages 1-13 DOI 10.1007/s10980-012-9814-4 Authors Virginia H. Dale, Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Center for Bioenergy Sustainability and Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge, TN 38731, USA Keith L. Kline, Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Center for Bioenergy Sustainability and Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge, TN 38731, USA Stephen R. Kaffka, Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA J. W. A. (Hans) Langeveld, Biomass Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands Journal Landscape Ecology Online ISSN 1572-9761 Print ISSN 0921-2973
    Print ISSN: 0921-2973
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    Topics: Biology
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2012-11-10
    Description:    To gain insight into the drivers of pollinator loss, a holistic approach to land-use change including habitat size, isolation, habitat quality and the surrounding landscape matrix is necessary. Moreover, species’ responses to land-use change may differ depending on their life history traits such as dispersal ability, trophic level, or sociality. We assessed species richness and life history traits of wild bees in 32 calcareous grasslands in central Germany that differ in size, connectivity, resource availability and landscape context. Declining habitat area and, to a lesser degree, reduced diversity of the surrounding landscape were the key factors negatively influencing species richness. In the community-wide analysis, small body size and solitary reproduction were traits that made species particularly vulnerable to habitat loss. Contrary to our expectations, cleptoparasitic species were not more affected by reduced habitat area and landscape diversity than nest-building species. We performed further detailed trait analyses within the family Halictidae to prevent possible confounding effects due to trait correlations across families. Here, social as opposed to solitary species were more affected by habitat loss. We conclude that the opposite pattern observed for all social bees was mainly caused by large-sized social bumblebee species with high mobility and large foraging distances. Our results demonstrate the risks of concealed trait interference when analyzing community-wide patterns of life history traits. As a consequence, conservation requirements of small social bee species might be overlooked by generalizations from community responses. Content Type Journal Article Category Research Article Pages 1-14 DOI 10.1007/s10980-012-9820-6 Authors Birgit Jauker, Agroecology, Georg August University Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany Jochen Krauss, Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany Frank Jauker, Department of Animal Ecology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter, Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany Journal Landscape Ecology Online ISSN 1572-9761 Print ISSN 0921-2973
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    Topics: Biology
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2012-11-08
    Description:    Land use has been implicated as a major causal factor in the recent surge of emerging and reemerging zoonotic diseases worldwide. Whirling disease, a parasitic infection caused by the myxozoan, Myxobolus cerebralis , has led to major declines in wild trout populations within the Intermountain West of the USA and is suspected to be exacerbated by land and stream management practices that create favorable habitat for the oligochaete host, Tubifex tubifex . Our objectives were to quantify relationships between whirling disease risk and (1) land use and (2) characteristics of the oligochaete host community within four major watersheds in western Montana. Risk was quantified by the severity and prevalence of infection in caged sentinel rainbow trout. A geographic information system (GIS) was used to model land use (e.g., agriculture, mines) within watersheds. Importance of predictor variables was assessed using regression tree and random forest analyses. A low proportion of riparian forest, high road density, high oligochaete density, and high Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri density were identified as important predictors of high risk. Although we did not examine the mechanisms underlying these correlations, a low proportion of riparian forest and a high road density likely increase stream sedimentation, thus, increasing habitat for oligochaetes. Although relationships identified are not necessarily causal, the ability to predict areas most at risk of M. cerebralis establishment and proliferation using broad scale predictors should serve as a useful management tool within Montana and elsewhere. Content Type Journal Article Category Research Article Pages 1-16 DOI 10.1007/s10980-012-9810-8 Authors Stephanie McGinnis, Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA Billie L. Kerans, Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA Journal Landscape Ecology Online ISSN 1572-9761 Print ISSN 0921-2973
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    Topics: Biology
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2012-11-08
    Description:    Landscape connectivity, defined as the degree to which the landscape facilitates or impedes movement among resource patches, has been considered to be a key issue for biodiversity conservation. However, the use of landscape connectivity measurements has been strongly criticised due to uncertainties in the methods used and the lack of validation. Moreover, measurements are typically restricted to the population level, whereas management is generally carried out at the community level. Here, we used satellite imagery and network metrics to predict the landscape connectivity at community level for semi-natural herbaceous patches in an urban area near Paris (France). We tested different measurement methods, both taking into account and ignoring the spatial heterogeneity of matrix resistance estimated by the normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI), and quantifying the link strength between patches with the shortest path and flow metrics. We assessed the fit of these connectivity predictions with empirical data on plant communities embedded in an urban matrix. Our results indicate that the best fit with the empirical data is obtained when the connectivity is estimated with the flow metric and takes into account the matrix heterogeneity. Overall, our study helps to estimate the landscape connectivity of urban areas and makes recommendations for ways in which we might optimise landscape planning with respect to conservation of urban biodiversity. Content Type Journal Article Category Research Article Pages 1-11 DOI 10.1007/s10980-012-9817-1 Authors Audrey Muratet, ODBU, Observatoire Départemental de la Biodiversité Urbaine, Direction de la Nature, des Paysages et de la Biodiversité, Conseil Général de la Seine-Saint-Denis, Hôtel du Département, 93006 Bobigny Cedex, France Romain Lorrillière, UMR 7204 CNRS-MNHN-UPMC, Conservation des Espèces, Restauration et Suivi des Populations, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 61 Rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France Philippe Clergeau, UMR 7204 CNRS-MNHN-UPMC, Conservation des Espèces, Restauration et Suivi des Populations, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 61 Rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France Colin Fontaine, UMR 7204 CNRS-MNHN-UPMC, Conservation des Espèces, Restauration et Suivi des Populations, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 61 Rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France Journal Landscape Ecology Online ISSN 1572-9761 Print ISSN 0921-2973
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    Electronic ISSN: 1572-9761
    Topics: Biology
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