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  • Articles  (2,579)
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  • Articles  (2,579)
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  • 1
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    Scale-Dependent Nonequilibrium Features in a Bubbling Fluidized Bed (2018)
    Wiley-Blackwell
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    Publication Date: 2018-03-16
    Description: We investigate experimentally the nonequilibrium features in a pseudo 2D bubbling fluidized bed. Velocities of individual particles are measured by using a particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) method, and void fractions are obtained with the Voronoi tessellation. A bimodal shape of probability density function (PDF) for particle vertical velocity is found in not only time-averaged but also time-varying statistics, which is caused by the transition between the dense and dilute phases and breaks the local-equilibrium assumption in continuum modeling of fluidized beds. The results of time-varying radial distribution function and voidage distribution also confirm this finding. Moreover, the analysis of voidage, particle velocity, granular temperature and turbulent kinetic energy of particles shows that there is no scale-independent plateau over the interface, and it seems hard to find a scale-independent plateau to separate the micro- and meso-scales of fluidized beds, which require sub-grid meso-scale modeling for continuum or coarse-graining methods of gas-fluidized systems. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0001-1541
    Electronic ISSN: 1547-5905
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of The American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE).
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  • 2
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    Novel Aeration of a Large-Scale Flat Sheet MBR: a CFD and Experimental Investigation (2018)
    Wiley-Blackwell
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    Publication Date: 2018-03-16
    Description: Having previously established that the hydrodynamic effect introduced by slug bubbles is more effective and economic in fouling amelioration in flat sheet MBRs (FSMBR) than conventional bubbling, this work is focused on its implementation in a commercial FSMBR. The overall objective is to enhance the hydrodynamic effect on fouling control through the use of two-stage large-sized bubble development (coalescence and split). Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was used to predict hydrodynamic features and substantial agreement was observed with experimental measurements. The critical height for bubble development space was determined to be circa 250 mm. Slug bubbles could be introduced into 14 channels, resulting in 6 fold stronger shear stress than that from single bubbles. Energy demand could be reduced by circa 50% compared with industry average usage and the shear stresses developed would, for most applications, be sufficient to ameliorate fouling. Furthermore, the specific air demand per permeate would be halved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0001-1541
    Electronic ISSN: 1547-5905
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of The American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE).
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  • 3
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    Controllable Fabrication and Catalytic Performance of Nanosheet HZSM-5 Films by Vertical Secondary Growth (2018)
    Wiley-Blackwell
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    Publication Date: 2018-03-15
    Description: Nanosheet HZSM-5 film vertically grown on the substrate with the tailorable macro- and meso-pores between the layers of nanosheets is hydrothermally synthesized by seed-assisted secondary growth method. The as-prepared nanosheet HZSM-5 film exhibits reaction rate enhancement up to 312% in catalytic cracking of n -dodecane as well as twice light olefins selectivity, ascribed to the better mass transfer of reactants in the hierarchical porous structure and the ultra-thin b -axis pores of nanosheets. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0001-1541
    Electronic ISSN: 1547-5905
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of The American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE).
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  • 4
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    Effect of Pickering Stabilization on Radical Entry in Emulsion Polymerization (2018)
    Wiley-Blackwell
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    Publication Date: 2018-03-15
    Description: The production of latexes stabilized by solid particles, so-called Pickering stabilizers, has attracted considerable attention due to its benefits, including the enhanced mechanical properties of the polymer films. Clays for instance were found to enhance particle stabilization in emulsion polymerization, in a comparable way to conventional surfactants. Their concentration thus determines the polymer particles size and number, and consequently the reaction rate. In this work, we investigate the impact of the presence of such rigid and big platelets at the polymer particle's surface on radical exchange between the aqueous phase and the polymer particles. It was found for the system underhand, that the average number of radicals per particle ( ) was independent of the stabilizer layer. Therefore, a radical capture model independent of the clay concentration could be used to simulate reactions involving different clay concentrations and predict the evolution of the monomer conversion, particle size, and . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0001-1541
    Electronic ISSN: 1547-5905
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of The American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE).
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  • 5
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    Machine learning for crystal identification and discovery (2018)
    Wiley-Blackwell
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    Publication Date: 2018-03-15
    Description: As computers get faster, researchers — not hardware or algorithms — become the bottleneck in scientific discovery. Computational study of colloidal self-assembly is one area that is keenly affected: even after computers generate massive amounts of raw data, performing an exhaustive search to determine what (if any) ordered structures occur in a large parameter space of many simulations can be excruciating. We demonstrate how machine learning can be applied to discover interesting areas of parameter space in colloidal self-assembly. We create numerical fingerprints — inspired by bond orientational order diagrams — of structures found in self-assembly studies and use these descriptors to both find interesting regions in a phase diagram and identify characteristic local environments in simulations in an automated manner for simple and complex crystal structures. Utilizing these methods allows analysis to keep up with the data generation ability of modern high-throughput computing environments. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0001-1541
    Electronic ISSN: 1547-5905
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of The American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE).
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  • 6
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    Nano-Engineered Nickel Catalysts Supported on 4-Channel α-Al2O3 Hollow Fibers for Dry Reforming of Methane (2018)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-15
    Description: A nickel (Ni) nanoparticle catalyst, supported on 4-channel α-Al 2 O 3 hollow fibers, was synthesized by atomic layer deposition (ALD). Highly-dispersed Ni nanoparticles were successfully deposited on the outside surfaces and the inside porous structures of hollow fibers. The catalyst was employed to catalyze the dry reforming of methane (DRM) reaction and showed a methane reforming rate of 2040 Lh −1 gNi −1 at 800°C. NiAl 2 O 4 spinel was formed when Ni nanoparticles were deposited on alpha-alumina substrates by ALD, which enhanced the Ni-support interaction. Different cycles (two, five, and ten) of Al 2 O 3 ALD films were applied on the Ni/hollow fiber catalysts to further improve the interaction between the Ni nanoparticles and the hollow fiber support. Both the catalyst activity and stability were improved with the deposition of Al 2 O 3 ALD films. Among the Al 2 O 3 ALD coated catalysts, the catalyst with five cycles of Al 2 O 3 ALD showed the best performance. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0001-1541
    Electronic ISSN: 1547-5905
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of The American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE).
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  • 7
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    Liquid-to-solid ratio control as an advanced process control solution for continuous twin-screw wet granulation (2018)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-15
    Description: Assuring compliance of intermediate and final quality attributes in a continuous pharmaceutical manufacturing campaign is of utmost importance. Application of corrective actions might be required in real-time. This work exemplifies the steps needed to identify a linear pulse transfer function for the dynamic behaviour of the granule liquid-to-solid ratio (%w/w) at the end of the granulation unit of a commercial ConsiGma TM -25 production line. Near-infrared spectroscopy was used to monitor the granule composition in-line. The outcome for both the tracking and regulator problem using either conventional or model predictive control was implemented and evaluated. Dynamic setpoints were correctly followed and an RMSE of 0.25%w/w with respect to the setpoint was obtained when inducing artificial disturbances. Important practical challenges were also tackled. Examples are fouling, computational limitations and the limited flexibility of the automation software. Applying the proposed advanced process control solution offers an answer to upstream material flow rate deviations. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0001-1541
    Electronic ISSN: 1547-5905
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of The American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE).
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  • 8
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    Direct Numerical Simulation of Surfactant Solution Flow in the Wide-Rib Rectangular Grooved Channel (2018)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-15
    Description: The turbulent flow of surfactant solution in the wide-rib rectangular grooved channels was studied by direct numerical simulation. Moreover, the variations of near-wall streamwise vortices with time were discussed and the distributions of streamwise vortex radius, swirling strength and density were quantitatively investigated. It was found that the influence of microgrooves on the fluid mainly occurred within the buffer layer and microgrooves could induce numerous streamwise vortices with small size and swirling strength within the grooved valleys. The drag-reducing enhancement mechanism of microgroove in the surfactant solution could be mainly considered as the competing results between the “restriction effect” and “tip effect” of microgroove, and the essential factor should be the numerous secondary streamwise vortices with small size and swirling strength within the grooved valleys. Furthermore, a predicted method for the optimal drag-reducing size of microgroove was proposed, and the prediction values agreed well with the numerical results. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0001-1541
    Electronic ISSN: 1547-5905
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of The American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE).
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  • 9
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    Chemical Engineering and the Culmination of Quality by Design in Pharmaceuticals (2018)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-13
    Print ISSN: 0001-1541
    Electronic ISSN: 1547-5905
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of The American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE).
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  • 10
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    The Trail of Perfumes (2018)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-13
    Description: A methodology is proposed for modeling the diffusion of fragrances released from a moving source. First, we started with a 1D model considering molecular diffusion of α-pinene in air as the only mass transport mechanism. The validation was performed in a diffusion tube, and a system was developed to move the scented source along the axial direction. Results showed that experimental data fitted well with the numerical simulation, suggesting this model as a valid tool to describe the trail of a fragrance released from a moving source for low Re of the order of 10. In the case of a person walking at the speed of 1.34 m/s in a room or corridor inside a building, 3D models are required and mass transport of the perfume to the surrounding air will be dominated by turbulent diffusion or eddy diffusion D t which is two orders of magnitude higher than molecular diffusion. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0001-1541
    Electronic ISSN: 1547-5905
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of The American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE).
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