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  • 1
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    Process synthesis for addressing the sustainable energy systems and environmental issues (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
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    Publication Date: 2012-08-25
    Description: Diminishing petroleum reserves and oscillations of the global petroleum market, together with the influence on the environment in terms of greenhouse gas emissions have accelerated the needs to explore renewable feedstocks and to seek novel sustainable production systems. Process synthesis, the core of process systems engineering, can be predicted to be the powerful tool to construct an environmental-friendly, cost-effective sustainable energy system. Following the brief descriptions of the main methodologies for process synthesis, the present paper reviews current activities on the optimal synthesis of biorenewables conversion processes, polygeneration processes, as well as carbon capture processes. Set in the context of exist achievements and future energy and environment requirements, we further elucidate the potential research vistas on optimal synthesis of novel energy systems, specifically, (a) novel biorenewable conversion process; (b) innovative materials based carbon capture process; (c) solar/wind driven energy conversion system; (d) integrated biorenewable conversion process for the production of chemicals. Finally, challenges about the above aspects are concisely discussed. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012.
    Print ISSN: 0001-1541
    Electronic ISSN: 1547-5905
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of The American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE).
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  • 2
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    Optimal retrofit design of extractive distillation to energy efficient thermally coupled distillation scheme (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
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    Publication Date: 2012-08-17
    Description: This paper presents design and optimization procedures employing the response surface methodology (RSM) for retrofitting the conventional extractive distillation sequence to a thermally coupled extractive distillation scheme (TCEDS-SR). The optimum TCEDS-SR structure can be found in a practical manner with minimal simulation runs. Furthermore, the RSM allows the interactions between variables to be identified and quantified. The separation of close boiling point mixtures and azeotropic mixtures was examined to test the proposed method. The predictions agreed well with the results of a rigorous simulation. The results showed that a retrofit of the extractive distillation sequence to TCEDS-SR can achieve significant energy savings compared to the conventional extractive distillation sequence. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012.
    Print ISSN: 0001-1541
    Electronic ISSN: 1547-5905
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of The American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE).
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  • 3
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    Reduction of a single granule drying model: An essential step in preparation of a PBM with a continuous growth term (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
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    Publication Date: 2012-08-17
    Description: The development of a Population Balance Model (PBM) for a pharmaceutical granule drying process requires a continuous growth term; the latter actually represents the drying process as the moisture content is the internal coordinate of the PBM. To establish such a PBM, a complex drying model for a single granule needs reduction in complexity. The starting point is a detailed model that describes the drying behavior of single pharmaceutical granules. A Global Sensitivity Analysis (GSA) was performed to detect the most sensitive degrees of freedom in the model as these need to be retained in the reduced model. Simulations of the complex drying model were, in a next phase, used to develop the reduced model, which describes the decrease of the moisture content in function of the gas temperature. The developed reduced model was then included in a Population Balance Equation (PBE) to describe the drying behavior of a population of granules. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012.
    Print ISSN: 0001-1541
    Electronic ISSN: 1547-5905
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of The American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE).
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  • 4
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    Attrition of Ca-based CO2-adsorbents by a high velocity gas jet (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
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    Publication Date: 2012-08-17
    Description: Attrition of Ca-based adsorbents is a subject of interest that determines the efficiency of the Ca-looping process for CO 2 capture. In this paper, we report an experimental test to assess the mechanical strength of cohesive Ca-based adsorbents based on particle sizing by laser diffractometry. In this technique, the powder sample is dispersed, either by a high velocity air jet (dry dispersion) or by a liquid before the particle size distribution (PSD) is measured. In the dry dispersion unit, particle aggregates are subjected to high energy collisions intended to cause their fragmentation. The Particle Size Distribution (PSDs) obtained at a low dispersive air pressure for calcined CaO shows that there is a remarkable population of large aggregates due to strong van der Waals of attraction. A second population consists of compact small aggregates, which are relatively stronger due to material sintering at interparticle contacts. As the dispersive air pressure is increased, these aggregates are broken. Their size scales as a power law of the jet air velocity in agreement with the prediction of a fracture mechanics theory of brittle materials. In contrast, the population of large aggregates of a modified adsorbent, consisting of a CaO/nano-silica composite, is not significative, which can be attributed to the effect of nano-silica in decreasing the van der Waals attractive force. Moreover, the small compact aggregates of the composite are broken at a lower rate with the dispersive air pressure. The enhanced strength of these composite aggregates is further supported by the PSD obtained for samples dispersed in a liquid and previously excited by high energy ultrasonication. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012.
    Print ISSN: 0001-1541
    Electronic ISSN: 1547-5905
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of The American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE).
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  • 5
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    Investigation of nanostructured TiO2 surface and interface electric fields with photoreflectance spectroscopy (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
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    Publication Date: 2012-08-17
    Description: The electrical properties of buried solid-solid interfaces are essential to the optimization of devices such as dye-sensitized solar cells and photocatalysts. The degree of fixed charge buildup at these interfaces can be sample-dependent, influenced by only a small fraction of total surface sites, and challenging to quantify. The present work describes the applicability of photoreflectance spectroscopy (PR) to the characterization of thin film nanostructured TiO 2 . The approach involves the synthesis of polycrystalline anatase TiO 2 on quartz and Si(100) by atomic layer deposition with Ti(OCH(CH 3 ) 2 ) 4 and H 2 O as precursors. PR reveals negligible band bending at the TiO 2 free surface. A distinct spectral feature at 299.0 ± 0.3 kJ/mol (3.10 ± 0.0031 eV) is attributed to electronic states at the TiO 2 -Si interface. Temporal variations in the magnitude of this feature are discussed in the context of bulk carrier concentration, solid-solid interface chemical reactions, and charge exchange between interface and grain boundary states and the bulk bands. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
    Print ISSN: 0001-1541
    Electronic ISSN: 1547-5905
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of The American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE).
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  • 6
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    A new fragment contribution-corresponding states method for physicochemical properties prediction of ionic liquids (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
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    Publication Date: 2012-09-27
    Print ISSN: 0001-1541
    Electronic ISSN: 1547-5905
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of The American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE).
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  • 7
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    Transforming rapeseed oil into fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE) via the Non-catalytic transesterification reaction (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
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    Publication Date: 2012-09-27
    Description: This paper presents a simple methodology for producing biodiesel. The non-catalytic transesterification was carried out via the thermo-chemical process because the main driving force of biodiesel conversion was temperature rather than pressure.Non-catalytic transformation of rapeseed oil into fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE) was performed in a continuous flow system under ambient pressure in the presence of activated alumina, charcoal, and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). The biodiesel conversion methodology introduced in this work enables the esterification of fatty acids (FFAs) and transesterification of triglycerides to be combined into a single process and leads to a 97.5 (±0.5)% conversion efficiency of biodiesel within 1 min at 420-500˚C. The new process has high potential to achieve a breakthrough in minimizing the cost of biodiesel production owing to its simplicity and technical advantages. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
    Print ISSN: 0001-1541
    Electronic ISSN: 1547-5905
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of The American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE).
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  • 8
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    Feed distribution in distillation: Assessing benefits and limits with column profile maps and rigorous process simulation (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-10-06
    Description: This contribution describes the Column Profile Map methodology for designing distributed feed distillation columns. For non-sharp product distributions, a case study shows that energy savings of approximately 35% can be obtained if the feed stage(s) are designed optimally. Feed distribution allows capital cost savings, expands operating leaves, and can obtain greater separation feasibility. However, this column only has benefits in ternary and higer-order systems and when product distributions are non-sharp. To validate these counter-intuitive claims, a real Benzene, p-Xylene, Toluene system is modelled using Column Profile Maps, and the resulting design parameters are transported to Aspen Plus®. Using a sum of squared errors objective function to quantify savings, a cost saving trend very similar to the one predicted by the Column Profile Map method is obtained. This paper therefore describes a complete design methodology for distributed feed systems and provides convincing evidence of benefits of such a system. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
    Print ISSN: 0001-1541
    Electronic ISSN: 1547-5905
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of The American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE).
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  • 9
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    Predictive Control in Process Engineering from the Basics to the Applications By R. Haber, R. Bars and U. Schmitz (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-09-27
    Print ISSN: 0001-1541
    Electronic ISSN: 1547-5905
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of The American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE).
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  • 10
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    Development of a general model for determination of thermal conductivity of liquid chemical compounds at atmospheric pressure (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-10-05
    Description: In this communication, a general model for representation/presentation of the liquid thermal conductivity of chemical compounds (mostly organic) at 1 atm. pressure for temperatures below normal boiling point and at saturation pressure for temperatures above the normal boiling point is developed using the Gene Expression Programming (GEP) algorithm. Approximately 19000 liquid thermal conductivity data at different temperatures related to 1636 chemical compounds collected from the DIPPR 801 database are used to obtain the model as well as to assess its predictive capability. The parameters of the model comprise temperature, acentric factor, critical pressure, normal boiling temperature, and molecular weight. Nearly 80% of the data set (15221 data) is randomly assigned to develop the model equation, 10% of the data set (1902 data) is employed to validate the model, and the remaining data (1902 data) were implemented to evaluate its predictive power. The average absolute relative deviation of the model results from the DIPPR 801 data is less than 9%. In terms of simplicity and wide range of applicability, this empirical model shows acceptable accuracy. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012.
    Print ISSN: 0001-1541
    Electronic ISSN: 1547-5905
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of The American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE).
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