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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Multidecadal Warming and Shoaling of Antarctic Intermediate Water*
    American Meteorological Society ; 2012
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 25, No. 1 ( 2012-01-01), p. 207-221
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 25, No. 1 ( 2012-01-01), p. 207-221
    Abstract: Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) is a dominant Southern Hemisphere water mass that spreads from its formation regions just north of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) to at least 20°S in all oceans. This study uses an isopycnal climatology constructed from Argo conductivity–temperature–depth (CTD) profile data to define the current state of the AAIW salinity minimum (its core) and thence compute anomalies of AAIW core pressure, potential temperature, salinity, and potential density since the mid-1970s from ship-based CTD profiles. The results are used to calculate maps of temporal property trends at the AAIW core, where statistically significant strong circumpolar shoaling (30–50 dbar decade−1), warming (0.05°–0.15°C decade−1), and density reductions [up to −0.03 (kg m−3) decade−1] are found. These trends are strongest just north of the ACC in the southeast Pacific and Atlantic Oceans and decrease equatorward. Salinity trends are generally small, with their sign varying regionally. Bottle data are used to extend the AAIW core potential temperature anomaly analysis back to 1925 in the Atlantic and to ~1960 elsewhere. The modern warm AAIW core conditions appear largely unprecedented in the historical record: biennially and zonally binned median AAIW core potential temperatures within each ocean basin are, with the notable exception of the subtropical South Atlantic in the 1950s–70s, 0.2–1°C colder than modern values. Zonally averaged sea surface temperature anomalies around the AAIW formation latitudes in each ocean and sectoral southern annular mode indices are used to put the AAIW core property trends and variations into context.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0894-8755 , 1520-0442
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00021.1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2012
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  • 2
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    Multidecadal warming of Antarctic waters
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2014
    In:  Science Vol. 346, No. 6214 ( 2014-12-05), p. 1227-1231
    Details
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 346, No. 6214 ( 2014-12-05), p. 1227-1231
    Abstract: Warm water intruding from below is heating up the ocean that covers the continental shelf of Antarctica. Schmidtko et al. report that Circumpolar Deep Water has been warming and moving further up onto the shelf around Antarctica for the past 40 years, causing higher rates of ice sheet melting (see the Perspective by Gille). These observations need to be taken into account when considering the potential for irreversible retreat of parts of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. Science , this issue p. 1227 ; see also p. 1180
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/science.1256117
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014
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  • 3
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    Atlantic Equatorial Undercurrent intensification counteracts warming-induced deoxygenation
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2021
    In:  Nature Geoscience Vol. 14, No. 5 ( 2021-05), p. 278-282
    Details
    In: Nature Geoscience, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 14, No. 5 ( 2021-05), p. 278-282
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1752-0894 , 1752-0908
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41561-021-00716-1
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2021
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    SSG: 16,13
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  • 4
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    Winter to summer oceanographic observations in the A rctic O cean north of S valbard
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2017
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans Vol. 122, No. 8 ( 2017-08), p. 6218-6237
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 122, No. 8 ( 2017-08), p. 6218-6237
    Abstract: N‐ICE2015 Arctic winter oceanographic observations are a key contribution in a region with extremely sparse winter data coverage Yermak Branch of Atlantic Water inflow is observed retroflecting around the northern tip of the Yermak Plateau Late spring shallow mixed layer over the Yermak Plateau associated with large sea ice melt
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2169-9275 , 2169-9291
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/jgrc.v122.8
    DOI: 10.1002/2016JC012391
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2017
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    SSG: 16,13
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  • 5
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    Mean circulation and EKE distribution in the Labrador Sea Water level of the subpolar North Atlantic
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2018
    In:  Ocean Science Vol. 14, No. 5 ( 2018-10-05), p. 1167-1183
    Details
    In: Ocean Science, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 14, No. 5 ( 2018-10-05), p. 1167-1183
    Abstract: Abstract. A long-term mean flow field for the subpolar North Atlantic region with a horizontal resolution of approximately 25 km is created by gridding Argo-derived velocity vectors using two different topography-following interpolation schemes. The 10-day float displacements in the typical drift depths of 1000 to 1500 m represent the flow in the Labrador Sea Water density range. Both mapping algorithms separate the flow field into potential vorticity (PV) conserving, i.e., topography-following contribution and a deviating part, which we define as the eddy contribution. To verify the significance of the separation, we compare the mean flow and the eddy kinetic energy (EKE), derived from both mapping algorithms, with those obtained from multiyear mooring observations. The PV-conserving mean flow is characterized by stable boundary currents along all major topographic features including shelf breaks and basin-interior topographic ridges such as the Reykjanes Ridge or the Rockall Plateau. Mid-basin northward advection pathways from the northeastern Labrador Sea into the Irminger Sea and from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge region into the Iceland Basin are well-resolved. An eastward flow is present across the southern boundary of the subpolar gyre near 52∘ N, the latitude of the Charlie Gibbs Fracture Zone (CGFZ). The mid-depth EKE field resembles most of the satellite-derived surface EKE field. However, noticeable differences exist along the northward advection pathways in the Irminger Sea and the Iceland Basin, where the deep EKE exceeds the surface EKE field. Further, the ratio between mean flow and the square root of the EKE, the Peclet number, reveals distinct advection-dominated regions as well as basin-interior regimes in which mixing is prevailing.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1812-0792
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/os-14-1167-2018
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2018
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  • 6
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    Spring coccolithophore production and dispersion in the temperate eastern North Atlantic Ocean
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2011
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research Vol. 116, No. C8 ( 2011-08-25)
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 116, No. C8 ( 2011-08-25)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2010JC006841
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2011
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094268-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 710256-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016804-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094181-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094219-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094167-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2220777-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094197-0
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 7
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    Decline in global oceanic oxygen content during the past five decades
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2017
    In:  Nature Vol. 542, No. 7641 ( 2017-2), p. 335-339
    Details
    In: Nature, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 542, No. 7641 ( 2017-2), p. 335-339
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0028-0836 , 1476-4687
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/nature21399
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2017
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    SSG: 11
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  • 8
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    Ocean processes at the Antarctic continental slope
    The Royal Society ; 2014
    In:  Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences Vol. 372, No. 2019 ( 2014-07-13), p. 20130047-
    Details
    In: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, The Royal Society, Vol. 372, No. 2019 ( 2014-07-13), p. 20130047-
    Abstract: The Antarctic continental shelves and slopes occupy relatively small areas, but, nevertheless, are important for global climate, biogeochemical cycling and ecosystem functioning. Processes of water mass transformation through sea ice formation/melting and ocean–atmosphere interaction are key to the formation of deep and bottom waters as well as determining the heat flux beneath ice shelves. Climate models, however, struggle to capture these physical processes and are unable to reproduce water mass properties of the region. Dynamics at the continental slope are key for correctly modelling climate, yet their small spatial scale presents challenges both for ocean modelling and for observational studies. Cross-slope exchange processes are also vital for the flux of nutrients such as iron from the continental shelf into the mixed layer of the Southern Ocean. An iron-cycling model embedded in an eddy-permitting ocean model reveals the importance of sedimentary iron in fertilizing parts of the Southern Ocean. Ocean gliders play a key role in improving our ability to observe and understand these small-scale processes at the continental shelf break. The Gliders: Excellent New Tools for Observing the Ocean (GENTOO) project deployed three Seagliders for up to two months in early 2012 to sample the water to the east of the Antarctic Peninsula in unprecedented temporal and spatial detail. The glider data resolve small-scale exchange processes across the shelf-break front (the Antarctic Slope Front) and the front's biogeochemical signature. GENTOO demonstrated the capability of ocean gliders to play a key role in a future multi-disciplinary Southern Ocean observing system.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1364-503X , 1471-2962
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2013.0047
    RVK:
    AX 30011
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Royal Society
    Publication Date: 2014
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    SSG: 11
    SSG: 5,1
    SSG: 5,21
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  • 9
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    Multidecadal changes in biology influence the variability of the North Atlantic carbon sink
    IOP Publishing ; 2022
    In:  Environmental Research Letters Vol. 17, No. 11 ( 2022-11-01), p. 114056-
    Details
    In: Environmental Research Letters, IOP Publishing, Vol. 17, No. 11 ( 2022-11-01), p. 114056-
    Abstract: The North Atlantic Ocean is the most intense marine sink for anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in the world’s oceans, showing high variability and substantial changes over recent decades. However, the contribution of biology to the variability and trend of this sink is poorly understood. Here we use in situ plankton measurements, alongside observation-based sea surface CO 2 data from 1982 to 2020, to investigate the biological influence on the CO 2 sink. Our results demonstrate that long term variability in the CO 2 sink in the North Atlantic is associated with changes in phytoplankton abundance and community structure. These data show that within the subpolar regions of the North Atlantic, phytoplankton biomass is increasing, while a decrease is observed in the subtropics, which supports model predictions of climate-driven changes in productivity. These biomass trends are synchronous with increasing temperature, changes in mixing and an increasing uptake of atmospheric CO 2 in the subpolar North Atlantic. Our results highlight that phytoplankton play a significant role in the variability as well as the trends of the CO 2 uptake from the atmosphere over recent decades.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1748-9326
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/ac9ecf
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: IOP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2255379-4
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  • 10
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    Trends and decadal oscillations of oxygen and nutrients at 50 to 300 m depth in the equatorial and North Pacific
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2020
    In:  Biogeosciences Vol. 17, No. 3 ( 2020-02-17), p. 813-831
    Details
    In: Biogeosciences, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 17, No. 3 ( 2020-02-17), p. 813-831
    Abstract: Abstract. A strong oxygen-deficient layer is located in the upper layers of the tropical Pacific Ocean and deeper in the North Pacific. Processes related to climate change (upper-ocean warming, reduced ventilation) are expected to change ocean oxygen and nutrient inventories. In most ocean basins, a decrease in oxygen (“deoxygenation”) and an increase in nutrients have been observed in subsurface layers. Deoxygenation trends are not linear and there could be multiple influences on oxygen and nutrient trends and variability. Here oxygen and nutrient time series since 1950 in the Pacific Ocean were investigated at 50 to 300 m depth, as this layer provides critical pelagic habitat for biological communities. In addition to trends related to ocean warming the oxygen and nutrient trends show a strong influence of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) in the tropical and the eastern Pacific, and the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO) in particular in the North Pacific. In the Oyashio Region the PDO, the NPGO, the North Pacific Index (NPI) and an 18.6-year nodal tidal cycle overlay the long-term trend. In most eastern Pacific regions oxygen increases and nutrients decrease in the 50 to 300 m layer during the negative PDO phase, with opposite trends during the positive PDO phase. The PDO index encapsulates the major mode of sea surface temperature variability in the Pacific, and oxygen and nutrients trends throughout the basin can be described in the context of the PDO phases. El Niño and La Niña years often influence the oxygen and nutrient distribution during the event in the eastern tropical Pacific but do not have a multi-year influence on the trends.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1726-4189
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/bg-17-813-2020
    DOI: 10.5194/bg-17-813-2020-supplement
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2158181-2
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