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1
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Flow of Canary mantle plume material through a subcontinental lithospheric corridor beneath Africa to the Mediterranean (2009)
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In: Geology, Melville, NY : American Institute of Physics, 1973, 37(2009), 3, Seite 283-286, 1943-2682
In: volume:37
In: year:2009
In: number:3
In: pages:283-286
Description / Table of Contents: We present geochemical data of lavas from northwest Africa, allowing us for the fi rst time to carry out large-scale "mapping" of sublithospheric mantle fl ow beneath the northwest African plate. Our study indicates that Canary mantle plume material traveled laterally along a subcontinental lithospheric corridor (i.e., at depths that are usually occupied by continental lithospheric mantle) more than 1500 km to the western Mediterranean, marking its route over the last 15 m.y. through a trail of intraplate volcanism. A three-dimensional geodynamic reconstruction, integrating results from geophysical studies, illustrates that long-distance lateral fl ow of mantle material into and through a subcontinental lithospheric corridor can be caused by a combination of (1) defl ection of upwelling plume material along the base of the lithosphere, (2) delamination of subcontinental mantle lithosphere beneath northwest Africa, and (3) subduction suction related to the rollback of the subducting oceanic plate in the western Mediterranean. Although the fl ow of plume material beneath oceanic lithosphere to mid-ocean ridges or along the base of continental rifts has been previously shown, this study demonstrates that plume material can also fl ow large lateral distances through subcontinental corridors from suboceanic to nonrifting subcontinental settings, generating continental intraplate volcanism without the need for a plume to be located directly beneath the continent.
Type of Medium: Online Resource
Pages: graph. Darst
ISSN: 1943-2682
DOI: 10.1130/G25426A.1
Language: English
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The effects of flank collapses on volcano plumbing systems (2009)
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    In: Geology, Melville, NY : American Institute of Physics, 1973, 37(2009), 12, Seite 1099-1102, 1943-2682
    In: volume:37
    In: year:2009
    In: number:12
    In: pages:1099-1102
    Description / Table of Contents: The growth of large volcanoes is commonly interrupted by episodes of flank collapse that may be accompanied by catastrophic debris avalanches, explosive eruptions, and tsunamis. El Hierro, the youngest island of the Canary Archipelago, has been repeatedly affected by such mass-wasting events in the last 1 Ma. Our field observations and petrological data suggest that the largest and most recent of these flank collapses -the El Golfo landslide -likely influenced the magma plumbing system of the island, leading to the eruption of higher proportions of denser and less evolved magmas. The results of our numerical simulations indicate that the El Golfo landslide generated pressure changes exceeding 1 MPa down to upper-mantle depths, with local amplification in the surroundings and within the modeled magma plumbing system. Stress perturbations of that order might drastically alter feeding system processes, such as degassing, transport, differentiation, and mixing of magma batches.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: graph. Darst
    ISSN: 1943-2682
    URL: http://geology.gsapubs.org/content/37/12/1099.abstract
    DOI: 10.1130/G30104A.1
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    A major and long-term Pliocene intensification of the Mediterranean outflow, 3.5-3.3 Ma ago (2009)
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    In: Geology, Melville, NY : American Institute of Physics, 1973, 37(2009), 9, Seite 811-814, 1943-2682
    In: volume:37
    In: year:2009
    In: number:9
    In: pages:811-814
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: graph. Darst
    ISSN: 1943-2682
    DOI: 10.1130/G30058A.1
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Remote quantification of methane fluxes in gassy marine sediments through seismic survey (2009)
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    In: Geology, Melville, NY : American Institute of Physics, 1973, 37(2009), 3, Seite 235-238, 1943-2682
    In: volume:37
    In: year:2009
    In: number:3
    In: pages:235-238
    Description / Table of Contents: A novel methodology for predicting upward diffusive fluxes of dissolved methane in gassy marine sediments is presented. The predicted fluxes are derived from a set of theoretical simulation data gener ated using a diagenetic reaction-transport model. The model calculates the upward methane flux for a given free gas depth (FGD) below the seafloor and a given in situ gas solubility, which together define the methane concentration gradient. Fluxes can thus be extracted from a nomogram of FGD and solubility parameter space. Because, in general, microorganisms anaerobically oxidize all dissolved methane before it can escape the sediment, the estimated fluxes are equivalent to the amount of methane trapped by this subsurface microbial barrier. A test of the approach using measured methane fluxes from Aarhus Bay, Denmark, reveals a statistically significant correlation between the observed and predicted fluxes. The predicted fluxes further show a low sensitivity toward enhanced sediment mixing by faunal activity, as well as the deposition flux and reactivity of organic matter. Therefore, only a limited amount of data at strategic coring sites is required to constrain the major physical and geochemical forcings for a particular study area in order to extrapolate fluxes at a regional scale. Because the FGD can be mapped over large areas of the seafloor from shipboard seismic survey, the new approach represents a means to estimate regional methane flux budgets for gassy sediments in a cost-efficient manner.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: graph. Darst
    ISSN: 1943-2682
    DOI: 10.1130/G25323A.1
    Language: English
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Uplift of Oahu, Hawaii, during the past 500 k.y. as recorded by elevated reef deposits (2010)
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    In: Geology, Melville, NY : American Institute of Physics, 1973, 38(2010), 1, Seite 27-30, 1943-2682
    In: volume:38
    In: year:2010
    In: number:1
    In: pages:27-30
    Description / Table of Contents: Studies of paleosea level and past climate have focused upon proxy methods in ice and deep-sea cores and more direct information provided by past shorelines, in some cases preserved as raised or submerged reef deposits in tropical areas. Paleo-shorelines need to be constrained by accurate tectonic history because these environments and their marine deposits can be confused with past tsunami deposits and vice versa. A maximum 21-m-high extensive emerged reef on Oahu, Hawaii, U-series dated to 334 ± 17 ka, together with a mean U-series age of 335 ± 22 ka (n = 5) for slightly higher, energetic shoreline deposits nearby, suggest a marine isotope stage 9 (MIS 9) highstand, and extend the earlier work indicating a linear uplift for Oahu of 0.060 ± 0.001 mm/yr over the past 500 k.y. Five of the past six major emerged interglacial highstand reefs on Oahu have been identified, and these data provide little evidence for past maximum sea levels significantly greater than 2 m above the sea level datum at that time. There is currently no evidence for a MIS 11 highstand on Oahu.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Ill., graph. Darst
    ISSN: 1943-2682
    DOI: 10.1130/G30378.1
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    Modern and late Pleistocene B/Ca ratios of the benthic foraminifer Planulina wuellerstorfi determined with laser ablation ICP-MS (2011)
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    In: Geology, Melville, NY : American Institute of Physics, 1973, 39(2011), 11, Seite 1039-1042, 1943-2682
    In: volume:39
    In: year:2011
    In: number:11
    In: pages:1039-1042
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: graph. Darst
    ISSN: 1943-2682
    DOI: 10.1130/G32009.1
    Language: English
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