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  • 1
    Keywords: Hochschulschrift
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online-Ressource (183 Seiten, 25 MB) , Diagramme, Karten
    Language: German
    Note: Zusammenfassung in deutscher und englischer Sprache
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  • 2
    Type of Medium: Book
    Series Statement: ICES council meeting papers 1982,6
    Language: Undetermined
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  • 3
    Type of Medium: Book
    Series Statement: ICES council meeting papers 1986(20)
    Language: Undetermined
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 10 (1964), S. 263-275 
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Nach dem kalten Winter 1962/63 setzten die Erwärmung des Wassers und damit auch die Phytoplanktonentwicklung bei Helgoland früher als im Vorjahre ein. 2. Dies zeigen ebenfalls die Nährstoffuntersuchungen (N, P). 3. Gelöste organische Stoffe werden etwa zur Zeit des Temperaturminimums in großer Menge aus dem Boden abgegeben. Diese Absterbevorgänge dürften im kalten Winter erheblich größer gewesen sein als im Jahr davor. 4. Die komplizierten hydrographischen Verhältnisse erschweren das Erkennen und Deuten der biologischen Vorgänge.
    Notes: Abstract During the cold winter 1962/63 the water temperature near Helgoland was extremely low (Fig. 1), and the minimum value was reached earlier in this year than it was in 1962. Because the plankton bloom began with stabilization of the water column after the minimum temperature was reached (better light conditions), phytoplankton development started earlier in 1963 than it did in 1962 (Fig. 8). This earlier start is also indicated by the amounts of the nutrients nitrogen and phosphate found in the water (Figs. 2, 4, 5, 6, 7). It is assumed that the phytoplankton bloom is stopped by grazing zooplankton later in the year (Fig. 10). Soluble organic substances (Fig. 11) must come from the sea bottom during the coldest period. This decomposition was greater in the cold winter of 1963 than in the year before. However, the phytoplankton development in this region as a function of time is difficult to assess because of the complicated hydrographical situation, involving different bodies of water, different salinities, etc.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 13 (1966), S. 193-202 
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Die besten Einfach- und Mehrfachkorrelationskoeffizienten zwischen verschiedenen in See gemessenen Komponenten werden diskutiert. 2. Die so erhaltenen, zumeist sehr komplizierten Ergebnisse lassen sich oft nicht einwandfrei deuten, daher ist meistens eine Vereinfachung notwendig. 3. Die beste bei Prüfung aller Möglichkeiten erhaltene Korrelation muß nicht mit der erwarteten „logischen“ identisch sein. 4. In der Oberschicht des Indischen Ozeans ändern sich die verschiedenen Komponenten im folgenden atomaren Verhältnis: P (Phosphat) : N (Nitrat) : C (pH-Wert) : O2=1 : 15 : 71 : 226. Mit Ausnahme des anorganischen Kohlenstoffs, dessen Bestimmung und Berechnung unbefriedigend waren, ist dieses Ergebnis in guter Übereinstimmung mit den auf Grund der mittleren Zusammensetzung der Organismen zu erwartenden Werten. 5. Im biologischen Bereich sind die Korrelationen — wohl hauptsächlich wegen der komplexen Abhängigkeiten — durchweg nicht gut. 6. Die Notwendigkeit, zur schrittweisen Klärung dieser Probleme unter unterschiedlichen Bedingungen und mit verschiedenen Meß- und Auswerteverfahren arbeiten zu müssen, wird diskutiert.
    Notes: Abstract The working up of the main material from modern expeditions is a serious problem, especially in obtaining the correlations between different components investigated. However, we must know something about this problem if we wish to understand what really happens in the sea. Therefore the best single and multiple correlation coefficients have been determined. These calculations were complicated by the fact that the best correlation found by testing all possibilities must not be identical with the expected logical one. In this way we obtain many complicated results. Therefore, more or less subjective selections and simplifications are necessary. Some results from the R. V. “Meteor” during the I. I. O. E. may be of some interest in this respect. In the upper layer, the changing of the different chemical components has the following atomic relation : P (phosphate) : N (nitrate) : C (pH value) : O2=1 : 15 : 71 : 226. Except for the carbon which could not be adequately calculated, this result is in good agreement with the theoretical value if we expect that this changing is an effect of biological activity. The biological components themselves do not give satisfying results. There may be methodical reasons also but, primarily, this should be an effect of the complexity of living systems. For this reason it is a difficult task to determine the correlations in the biological section. It is necessary to investigate the problem under different conditions (for instance, in different regions in the open sea or in culture) and to work up the material in different ways.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 5 (1955), S. 141-168 
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 1. In einem abgeschlossenen Hafenbecken in Wilhelmshaven wurden von 1949 bis 1953 planktologische Untersuchungen durchgeführt. 2. Für den Abschluß der Frühjahrswucherung des Phytoplanktons in dem nährstoffreichen Wasser läßt sich eine Zunahme der Turbulenz verantwortlich machen. Die Bedeutung dieser Beobachtung für das freie Wasser wird diskutiert. 3. Während der Frühjahrswucherung vermehrt sich das Phytoplankton lange Zeit streng logarithmisch ohne Abnahme der Wachstumsintensität; der Umschlag erfolgt dann ganz plötzlich. 4. Bei Ausbildung einer Sprungschicht reichern sich die Diatomeen allmählich in dieser Zone an, währendTintinnopsis sie viel schneller aktiv aufsucht.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 16 (1967), S. 67-74 
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Die im normalen Seewasser recht konstante Ionenrelation kann bei niederen, vor allem aber bei extrem hohen Salzgehalten erheblich gestört sein. Daher ist in diesen Bereichen die Bestimmung der einzelnen Komponenten wünschenswert. Die Bezeichnung S ‰ ist bei sehr großen Salzmengen nur bedingt vertretbar, und übertrieben genaue Angaben sind daher wenig sinnvoll. Deshalb ist für viele Belange ein einfaches Meßverfahren hinreichend. 2. Es wird eine Methode beschrieben, mit deren Hilfe hohe Salzgehalte durch Auswiegen des Inhalts einer Knudsen-Pipette bestimmt werden können. Die Auswertung erfolgt mit Hilfe von Nomogrammen. Die Genauigkeit der Methode dürfte bei ±1 ‰ liegen. 3. Die durchgeführten Dichtemessungen erlauben, bei Gültigkeit der Cl/S-Relation g Cl/l auf S‰ mit einer Genauigkeit von ±0,1‰ umzurechnen.
    Notes: Abstract In the open sea the proportion between the different ions is rather constant with the exception of some elements influenced in their amount and distribution by biological activities (P, N, etc.). This relative constancy is modified if sea-water is diluted near the shores by river water, or concentrated by evaporation, especially in lower latitudes (e. g., Mediterranean, Red Sea). Abnormalities are also found in small isolated bodies of water near the shore. In all these instances the quantitative relation between the different ions is no longer constant; in most cases, calcium shows the first and most pronounced aberrations. It is desirable, therefore, to determine the individual components in such waters, not only its total salinity. In some cases, however, it may be of interest to measure high salinities as such, especially in biological studies. This paper describes a simple method for the determination of salinities between 50 and 275 ‰ via density measurements. The volume of the water sample is then determined by means of a 50 cm3-Knudsen pipette, its temperature measured, and the sample transferred into a clean, dry glass stoppered bottle. Thereafter the pipetted water is weighed and the α value (similar to the well known σt) calculated: TANO In this formula, α and t°C give the resulting salinity. This rather complicated procedure is simplified by the use of nomograms (at the end of this paper). The accuracy is not much better than ±1 ‰. In situations in which it may be assumed that the Cl/S ratio is practically identical with that in normal sea-water, S ‰ can be calculated from the value g Cl/l; in this case the accuracy is ±0.1 ‰.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 36 (1983), S. 393-426 
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Phytoplankton blooms have attracted attention since times of old, especially the red tides caused by peridinians. Observed in all regions of the world, red tides occur predominantly in the warmer seas (e. g. West Coast of Florida). An opportunity to study a bloom, caused by the non-toxic dinoflagellateCeratium furca, was provided in North Sea coastal waters of an area ranging from Belgium to Sweden. Its development could be followed from July to October 1981 with the aid of samples taken 5 days a week near the island of Helgoland. A decline in the bloom coincided with a drop in water temperature (increasing turbulence). This condition and the presence, right up to the end, of relatively high amounts of nutrients indicate that nutrient deficiency did not terminate the bloom. Similarly, there was no evidence for a dependence on micronutrients by freshwater input or by the preceding diatom bloom. Longterm investigations indicate that climatic changes coincide with an increase in the phytoplankton stock during all seasons (especially noticeable from July to September) and with a decrease in salinity (there was a minimum in 1981). The stratification of the sea water causes the peridinians to move to depths optimal for their growth which may bring about an aggregation at the surface. There are numerous indications in literature of similar changes of environmental conditions in the North Sea. One example from the Western Baltic Sea demonstrates that the presence of a high vertical density gradient in the sea leads to oxygen deficiency in deeper zones, which, however, is not directly correlated to the coincident phytoplanktonic bloom in the upper layers. It is probable that, under appropriate hydrographical conditions, “red tides” can occur repeatedly in the southern North Sea, produced by non-toxic as well as toxic species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 48 (1994), S. 431-443 
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The phytoplankton development in the waters around Helgoland can be described as a function of the physical environment (derivates of the temperature). This is a consequence of the fundamental annual cycle regulated by the sun and, respectively, by dependent components. This simple statement can only give good results if the turbulent transport processes in the transition zone are considered. Investigations are impeded by the fact that the multiplication rate of the organisms is almost counterbalanced by losses that take place during the long lasting bloom. This situation is a product of the regional hydrography, whereby small changes in the environment on varied time scales influence the development of the population fundamentally. This becomes particularly clear when the numerical results of the exponential growth are examined. The dynamics of this complicated process can be seen best in the great annual differences of the phytoplankton maxima.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 8 (1962), S. 203-218 
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary 1. As a result of my own observations and data in the literature my conclusion is that a single plankton sample would be expected to scatter in the range of 15 to 25% around the mean value of the plankton content of the water body. 2. Assuming that in a given time in 5 or 10 samples taken together, half as many individuals can be counted as in one single sample, optimum working conditions can be determined. 3. In every single sample there should be counted only a maximum of 35 to 15 individuals differing with the heterogeneity. 4. Under these conditions it is possible with a reasonable expense to achieve 10 to 15% accuracy.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 1. Auf Grund von eigenen Beobachtungen, Literaturangaben und Überlegungen ist zu erwarten, daß eine einzelne Planktonprobe im Durchschnitt um 15 bis 25% um den mittleren Planktongehalt des betreffenden Wasserkörpers streuen dürfte. 2. Unter der Voraussetzung, daß in einer gegebenen Zeit in 5 oder 10 Proben zusammen gerade halb so viele Einheiten gezählt werden können wie in einer einzelnen, lassen sich optimale Arbeitsbedingungen berechnen. 3. In jeder einzelnen Probe sollten je nach Heterogenität maximal nur 35 bis 15 Einheiten gezählt werden. 4. Unter diesen Bedingungen ist mit vertretbarem Aufwand eine Genauigkeit von 10 bis 15% zu erzielen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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