Keywords:
Solid state physics.
;
Electronic books.
Description / Table of Contents:
This book offers a broad coverage of the physical properties of solids at fundamental level. The quantum-mechanical origins that lead to a wide range of observed properties are discussed. The book also includes a modern treatment of unusual physical states.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
Pages:
1 online resource (1053 pages)
Edition:
1st ed.
ISBN:
9780191060557
URL:
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=4883845
DDC:
530.41
Language:
English
Note:
Cover -- The Physics of Solids -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- Part I: Introductory Topics -- 1. Elastic Behavior of Solids -- 1.1 The stress tensor -- 1.2 The strain tensor -- 1.3 Hooke's law -- 1.4 The energy density -- 1.5 Elastic moduli of cubic and hexagonal systems -- 1.6 Distortions of a cubic crystal -- 1.7 Elastic waves -- 1.8 Waves in a cubic crystal -- 1.9 Isotropic media -- 1.10 Viscosity in solids: internal friction -- 1.11 Measuring elastic constants -- SUPPLEMENTARY READING -- Problems -- 2. Electric Behavior of Insulators -- 2.1 The potential from a distribution of dipoles: the polarization -- 2.2 The local electric field -- 2.3 The dielectric constant -- 2.4 Orientational polarization -- 2.5 Dielectric relaxation -- SUPPLEMENTARY READING -- Problems -- 3. Metals and the Drude-Lorentz Model -- 3.1 Ohm's law -- 3.2 The Hall effect -- 3.3 Frequency-dependent conductivity -- 3.4 Dielectric constant of a metal -- 3.5 Dielectric constant of an insulator -- 3.6 A metal in a constant magnetic field and an oscillatory electric field -- 3.7 Thermal conductivity in a metal -- 3.8 Thermoelectric effect -- SUPPLEMENTARY READING -- Problems -- 4. Elementary Theories of the Thermal Properties of Solids -- 4.1 The equipartition law for free and bound particles -- 4.2 The lattice heat capacity at low temperatures: the Einstein model -- 4.3 The Debye model -- Problems -- 5. Elementary Theories of Magnetism -- 5.1 Langevin diamagnetism -- 5.2 Langevin paramagnetism -- 5.3 Quantum theory of magnetism -- 5.4 Quantum theory of non-interacting spins -- 5.5 Adiabatic demagnetization -- 5.6 Chemical bonding, Hund's rules, and magnetic ions -- 5.7 Magnetic moments of 4f and 3d ions -- FURTHER READING -- Problems -- 6. The Non-interacting Fermi Gas -- 6.1 The quantum mechanics of non-interacting electrons in a box.
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6.2 The non-interacting Fermi gas at absolute zero -- 6.3 Fermi-Dirac statistics -- 6.4 Evaluating integrals involving the Fermi distribution function -- 6.5 The temperature dependence of the chemical potential -- 6.6 Energy of an ideal Fermi gas as a function of temperature -- 6.7 The paramagnetic susceptibility of a Fermi gas -- 6.8 Qualitative discussion of the behavior of a Fermi gas -- Problems -- 7. Elementary Theories of Crystal Bonding -- 7.1 Classification of bonds -- 7.2 The van der Waals bond: rare gas solids -- 7.3 The ionic bond: alkali halide solids -- 7.4 The directed covalent bond: Pauling orbitals -- 7.4.1 Diamond-like structures -- 7.4.2 Graphite -- 7.5 The alkali metal bond: the Wigner-Seitz model -- 7.6 Atomic radii -- ADDITIONAL READING -- Problems -- Part II: Crystal Structureand its Determination -- 8. Lattices and Crystal Structures -- 8.1 The space lattice -- 8.2 The basis -- 8.3 Point groups in two dimensions -- 8.4 Bravais lattices in two dimensions -- 8.5 Space groups in two dimensions -- 8.6 Point groups in three dimensions -- 8.7 Bravais lattices in three dimensions -- 8.8 Crystal systems -- 8.9 Space groups in three dimensions -- 8.10 Common crystal structures -- 8.11 Miller indices -- 8.12 Wigner-Seitz polyhedra -- 8.13 Coordination polyhedra -- 9. X-ray Diffraction -- 9.1 Bragg's law -- 9.2 The Laue equations -- 9.3 The reciprocal lattice -- 9.4 Relating the Laue equations to Bragg's law -- 9.5 The Ewald construction -- 9.6 The Brillouin zone -- 9.7 The geometrical structure factor -- 9.8 The atomic scattering factor -- 9.9 The Debye-Waller factor -- 9.10 Sources of X-rays -- 9.11 Experimental methods to study X-ray diffraction -- 9.11.1 The rotating crystal method -- 9.11.2 The powder method -- 9.11.3 The Laue method -- ADDITIONAL READING -- Problems -- Appendix 9A Evaluating lattice sums by the Ewald method.
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Part III: Electronic Structure of Periodic Solids -- 10. Electrons in a Periodic Solid -- 10.1 The crystal potential -- 10.2 Wave function of an electron in a periodic potential -- 10.3 Properties of Bloch functions -- 10.3.1 Orthonormality -- 10.3.2 Periodicity in k-space -- energy bands -- 10.3.3 The momentum operator and quasi-momentum -- 10.3.4 The position operator -- 10.3.5 The velocity operator -- 10.3.6 Effect of an external force -- 10.3.7 Scattering among Bloch states -- 10.4 Dispersion near a band edge -- 10.5 Electrons and holes -- 10.6 Brillouin zones -- 10.7 Wannier functions -- 10.8 The Kronig-Penney model -- ADDITIONAL READING -- Problems -- 11. The Nearly Free Electron, OPW, Pseudopotential, and Tight Binding Methods -- 11.1 The nearly free electron model -- 11.1.1 The empty lattice in one dimension -- 11.1.2 The nearly free electron model in one dimension -- 11.1.3 The nearly free electron model in two dimensions -- 11.1.4 The nearly free electron model in three dimensions -- 11.2 The orthogonalized plane wave method -- 11.3 The pseudopotential method -- 11.4 The tight binding approximation -- 11.4.1 The tight binding approximation for s electrons -- 11.4.2 The tight binding approximation for the case l > -- 0 -- 11.4.3 The tight binding approximation for the case l > -- 0 together with a basis -- FURTHER READING -- Problems -- 12. The Parameterization of Band Structures: Applications to Semiconductors -- 12.1 The k·p method for diamond-like materials at the zone center -- 12.1.1 Spin-orbit coupling in atoms -- 12.1.2 Including spin in atomic s and p states -- 12.1.3 The k·p theory with spin -- 12.1.4 The symmetry of states in cubic crystals at the zone center -- 12.1.5 Basis functions for electrons in diamond-like materials at T -- 12.1.6 Constructing the Hamiltonian matrix -- 12.1.7 Calculating the dispersion.
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12.2 Inverted band structures -- αSn -- 12.3 The Slater-Koster method for diamond-like structures -- FURTHER READING -- Problems -- 13. Augmented Plane Wave and Green's Function Methods∗ -- 13.1 The augmented plane wave (APW) method -- 13.2 The Green's function method -- 13.3 More powerful approaches: linearized variational methods -- ADDITIONAL READING -- Part IV: Electron-Electron Interaction -- 14. The Self-consistent Dielectric Function -- 14.1 The self-consistent potential method for a uniform electron system -- 14.2 Applications of the dielectric function formalism -- 14.2.1 Static screening -- the Thomas-Fermi limit -- 14.2.2 Plasma oscillations -- 14.2.3 Zero sound -- 14.2.4 The Kohn effect -- ADDITIONAL READING -- Problems -- Appendix 14A The self-consistent potential method for the periodic system -- 15. Hartree-Fock and Density Functional Theory -- 15.1 The Hartree and Hartree-Fock approximations -- 15.1.1 The Hartree approximation -- 15.1.2 The Hartree-Fock approximation -- 15.1.3 The exchange energy of a uniform electron liquid -- 15.2 Density functional theory (DFT) -- 15.2.1 Local density theory -- 15.2.2 Potential energy landscape and the elastic constants of molecules -- 15.2.3 The Hohenberg-Kohn theorem -- 15.2.4 Application of density functional theory -- Kohn-Sham theory -- 15.3 Alternative strategies based on density functional theory -- 15.3.1 The Hartree-Fock-Kohn-Sham (HFKS) approximation -- 15.3.2 The screened exchange approximation -- 15.3.3 Excited states -- FURTHER READING -- Problems -- Appendix 15A Multiple scattering theory -- 15A.1 Solution for a model potential -- 15A.2 Relating multiple scattering theory to the Kohn-Rostoker Green's function method -- Appendix 15B The uniform electron liquid -- 15B.1 The Hellman-Feynman theorem -- 15B.2 The Coulomb interaction in terms of the number operator.
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15B.3 Linear response and the response function -- 15B.4 Relating the response function to the dielectric function -- 15B.5 Relating the dielectric function to the ground state energy -- 15B.6 The ground state energy from the SCF dielectric function -- Problems -- Part V Lattice Dynamics -- 16. Harmonic Lattice Dynamics: Classical and Quantum -- 16.1 The 1d lattice -- 16.2 The 1d lattice with more than one atom per unit cell -- 16.3 Representing the lattice potential in 3d -- 16.4 Classical theory of the harmonic lattice in 3d -- 16.4.1 Normal modes and the dynamical matrix -- 16.4.2 Orthonormality and completeness relations -- 16.4.3 Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formulation -- 16.5 Quantization of lattice vibrations -- 16.6 Inelastic neutron scattering -- 16.7 Raman scattering -- 16.8 Calculating phonon dispersion relations from first principles -- 16.8.1 The supercell approach -- ADDITIONAL READING -- Problems -- Appendix 16A Calculating the phonon spectrum for all wave vectors -- 17. Thermal Expansion, Phonon-Phonon Interactions, and Heat Transport -- 17.1 Thermal expansion -- the Gruneisen model -- 17.2 The linear term in the high temperature specific heat -- 17.2.1 The heat capacity of a single anharmonic oscillator -- 17.2.2 The linear term in the heat capacity of a lattice -- 17.3 Phonon-phonon interactions -- 17.4 The phonon Boltzmann transport equation -- 17.5 The thermal conductivity in dielectric materials -- 17.6 Second sound -- ADDITIONAL READING -- Part VI: Electron Transport and Conduction Electron Dynamics -- 18. Motion of Electrons and Holes in External Electric and Magnetic Fields -- 18.1 Incorporating external electromagnetic fields -- gauge invariance -- 18.2 Effect of external magnetic and electric fields on Bloch functions -- 18.3 Quasiclassical equation of motion -- 18.4 Orbits in a magnetic field.
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18.5 Orbit quantization in a magnetic field.
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