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  • 2015-2019  (3)
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  • 1
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    Sensors, Vol. 16, Pages 277: An Optical Fiber Displacement Sensor Using RF Interrogation Technique (2016)
    MDPI Publishing
    In: Sensors
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-02-25
    Beschreibung: We propose a novel non-contact optical fiber displacement sensor. It uses a radio frequency (RF) interrogation technique which is based on bidirectional modulation of a Mach-Zehnder electro-optical modulator (MZ-EOM). The displacement is measured from the free spectral range (FSR) which is determined by the dip frequencies of the modulated MZ-EOM transfer function. In experiments, the proposed sensor showed a sensitivity of 456 kHz/mm or 1.043 kHz/V in a measurement range of 7 mm. The displacement resolution of the proposed sensor depends on the linewidth and the power of the optical source. Resolution better than 0.05 μm would be achieved if an optical source which has a linewidth narrower than 1.5 nm and a received power larger than −36 dBm is used. Also, the multiplexing characteristic of the proposed sensor was experimentally validated.
    Digitale ISSN: 1424-8220
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Publiziert von MDPI Publishing
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
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    Growth dynamics and gas transport mechanism of nanobubbles in graphene liquid cells (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-02-04
    Beschreibung: Article Nanobubbles in liquid phase are puzzling, because their internal pressure is estimated to be unphysically large. Here, Shin et al . visualize the dynamics of nanobubbles in water encapsulated by graphene membrane and show fast gas diffusion through ultrathin water layer between two coalescing bubbles. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms7068 Authors: Dongha Shin, Jong Bo Park, Yong-Jin Kim, Sang Jin Kim, Jin Hyoun Kang, Bora Lee, Sung-Pyo Cho, Byung Hee Hong, Konstantin S Novoselov
    Digitale ISSN: 2041-1723
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 3
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    Pulmonary glass particles may persist in the lung suppressing function of immune cells (2017)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-04
    Beschreibung: The health effects of silica may depend on the inherent properties of crystalline silica or on external factors affecting the biological activity or distribution of its polymorphs. Inhaled crystalline silica is classified as a Group I carcinogen, however, information on the health effects of amorphous silica is still insufficient. Considering that alveolar macrophages play a key role in both innate and adaptive immune responses for removal of foreign bodies that enter via the respiratory system, we treated sheet-like glass particles (SGPs), a type of noncrystalline amorphous silica, to MH-S cells, an alveolar macrophage cell line. SGPs reduced the generation of ROS and NO and induced cell death via multiple pathways. Although the expression of CD80, CD86, and CD40, increased by exposure to SGPs, the expression of MHC class II molecules had not notably changed. Additionally, expression of ICAM-1 tended to decrease. In mice, SGPs were distributed in the interstitial region of the lung without notable pathological lesion on day 14 after a single intratracheal instillation. Pulmonary total cell number increased significantly with the highest dose, but the levels of all measured inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, except IL-1, were lower in BAL fluid from SGP-treated mice compared to control. More interestingly, the expression of antigen presentation-related proteins was enhanced in the lungs of SGP-exposed mice concomitant with an increase in the number of mature dendritic cells, whereas the expression of ICAM-1, an important adhesion molecule for helper T cell recruitment, was suppressed. Taken together, we suggest that SGPs may induce adverse health effects by down-regulating function of immune cells in the lungs. Furthermore, ICAM-1 may play a key role in immune response to remove pulmonary SGPs.
    Print ISSN: 1520-4081
    Digitale ISSN: 1522-7278
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Publiziert von Wiley-Blackwell
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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    PAPER CURRENT
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