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  • 11
    ISSN: 1520-6041
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1520-6041
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 108 (1986), S. 3762-3770 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 106 (1984), S. 3861-3862 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 55 (1968), S. 553-557 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 68 (1981), S. 354-359 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Abstract This field is of special interest within the organometallic chemistry, which was and still is one of the most developing areas of chemistry for twenty years. The electronic structure around the atoms of germanium, tin, and lead favors both polar and radical reactions, and a plentiful coordination chemistry, too. Modern quantum chemistry arrived at these heavy atoms and allows better understanding also of low valent species, R2M. Chiral compounds with asymmetric Sn atoms, an object aimed at since 1905, have been prepared now, and dynamic stereochemistry has been studied. Industrial use of organotins has grown quickly and includes stabilization of plastics and plant and material protection as well. Biomethylation and environmental problems open this field both to biochemists and ecologists.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 101 (1968), S. 2837-2844 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Bis-benzyloxy- und Bis-tert.-butyloxy-diimid (2 und 4) werden durch Stannyl-Radikale R3Sn. rasch und spezifisch angegriffen. In einem SR2-Mechanismus entstehen Stickstoff, Trialkylzinn-alkoxylat und ein Alkoxy-Radikal. Dieses wird durch H-Abstraktion aus R3SnH stabilisiert, das hinterbleibende Stannyl-Radikal setzt die Reaktionskette fort. Alle entstehenden Produkte des spontanen und des induzierten Zerfalls werden bestimmt. Phenoxyl, Thiyl, Jod und einige andere Radikale sind zu ähnlichen Umsetzungen nicht fähig.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 18
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reactions of Short-Life Radicals, VII. The Stereochemical Route of Free-Radical Additions to Conjugated Dienes: Hydrostannation and Isomerization of Penta-1,3-dieneThe radical addition of Me3SnH and Et3SnH to both of the pure stereoisomers of penta-1,3-diene proceeds by a highly stereospecific mechanism, whereby an extremely high configurational stability of the intermediate allyl radicals 9 is indicated. Besides 1,2- and 1,4-adducts small amounts of 4,1-adducts are formed: altogether 6 of the 8 possible isomers 1-8 are obtained. At 80° the cis-diene reacts 2.6 or 2.9 times faster than the trans-isomer. At 20° and 40° only the transoid conformation is involved in the reaction of cis-isomer, whereas in the case of the trans-diene both cisoid and transoid configurations are involved. The attack of organotin radicals at C-4 (that is, at the internal C=C double bond) is much more readily reversible than that at C-l and leads (primarily) to cis-trans-isomerization of the diene; this is highly dependent on the molar ratio of diene to hydride. By means of capillary gas chromatography it was possible to observe each stage of the addition and isomerization processes.
    Notes: Die beiden Stereoisomeren von Pentadien-(1.3) addieren (CH3)3SnH und (C2H5)3SnH radikalisch hochgradig stereospezifisch, woraus eine beträchtliche Konfigurationsstabilität der intermediär auftretenden Allylradikale 9 folgt. Neben 1.2- und 1.4- entstehen wenig 4.1-Addukte, insgesamt 6 der 8 möglichen Isomeren 1-8. Das cis-Dien reagiert bei 80° 2.6 bzw. 2.9 mal schneller als das trans-Isomere. Bei 20° und 40° ist nur die transoide Konformation des cis-Isomeren beteiligt, beim trans-Dien dagegen sowohl cisoide als auch transoide. Der Angriff von Stannylradikalen an C-4, also an der mittelständigen C=C-Gruppe, ist weit stärker reversibel als derjenige am endständigen C-l und bedingt so (hauptsächlich) eine cis-trans-Isomerisierung des Diens. Diese hängt stark vom Molverhältnis Dien : Hydrid ab. Mittels Kapillar-GC konnten Additionen und Isomerisierung in jedem Stadium verfolgt werden.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 19
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reactions of Short-Life Radicals, IX1) Radical-Induced Decomposition of Esters of Peroxycarboxylic Acids: SH2 Reaction and Radical-Catalysed Fragmentation as Competing MechanismsThe radical decomposition of peresters RC(O)—O—OC(CH3,)3 R = C6H5, CH3, C(CH3)3 (1a-c) is induced very strongly by triethyltin hydride. A SH2 reaction and a radicalcatalysed fragmentation (a new type of reaction) are found to be competing mechanisms here. In both cases the stannyl radical is the attacking species. In the former reaction, splitting of the O—O bridge occurs with formation of the stannyl esters 3a-c. In the latter R· +CO2 ·OC(CH3) are formed, while the attacking radical is recovered. All products have been identified and quantitatively determined. From hall-life times and rate constants in the range of 21 -3O°, the following values have been calculated for the two competing reactions at 25° in the case of 1c: for the SH2 reaction ΔG+ = 22.7 kcal/mole, ΔS≠ = -19 e. u.; for the fragmentation ΔG≠ = -22.4 kcal/mole, ΔS+ = - 12 e. u. With 1a, the SH2 reaction dominates under all conditions. The importance of the competing catalysed fragmentation, however, increases greatly in the sequence 1a 〈 1b 〈 1c, and can become the main reaction. Dissociation energies and inductive effects of R, stereochemistry of transition states, temperature, and polarity of solvents are found to be of considerable influence.
    Notes: Der radikalische Zerfall von Perestern RC(O)—O—OC(CH3)3, R = C6H5, CH3, C(CH3)3 (1a-c) wird durch Triäthylzinnhydrid sehr stark induziert. Als konkurrierende Mechanismen werden eine SH2-Reaktion und, als neuartiger Reaktionstyp, eine radikal-katalysierte Fragmentierung beobachtet. In beiden ist das Stannyl-Radikal angreifendes Agens, in einem Fall unter Spaltung der O—O-Brücke und Bildung der Stannylester 3a-c, im anderen unter Bildung von R· +CO2 + ·OC(CH3)3 und Rückgewinnung des angreifenden Radikals. Entstehende Produkte werden qualitativ und quantitativ bestimmt. Für 1c ergibt sich aus Halbwertszeiten und Geschwindigkeitskonstanten im Bereich 21-30° für SH2-Reaktion bzw. Fragmentierung bei 25°: ΔG≠ = 22.7 kcal/mol, ΔS≠ = -19 e. u. bzw. 22.4 kcal/mol, -12 e. u. - Bei 1a überwiegt stets die SH2-Reaktion. In der Reihe 1a 〈 1b 〈 1c tritt jedoch die konkurrierende katalysierte Fragmentierung immer stärker hervor und kann zur Hauptreaktion werden. Dissoziationsenergien und induktive Effekte von R, die Stereochemie der Übergangszustände, Temperatur und Polarität des Lösungsmittels haben hierauf beträchtlichen Einfluß.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 108 (1975), S. 1339-1345 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reactions of Short-Life Radicals, XII. Free Radical Substitution at the Sulfur Atom: The Induced Degradation of (Thio)Carbonyl DisulfidesDibenzoyl, diacetyl, bis(thiobenzoyl) disulfide (1, 2, 7), and benzoyl 4-tolyl disulfide (11) are degradated by hydrides R3SnH at 60°C about 103 times faster than in the spontaneous degradation. The products and following reactions have been established. In all cases, SH2 mechanisms are found, with attack of stannyl radicals at the (acyl bound) sulfur atom. In the case of 1, 2 and 11, ΔHspont.≠ is 35 or 34 ± 2 kcal/mole at 150°C.
    Notes: Dibenzoyl-, Diacetyl-, Bis(thiobenzoyl)disulfid (1, 2, 7) und Benzoyl(4-tolyl)disulfid (11) werden durch Hydride R3SnH bei 60°C im Verhältnis zum Spontanzerfall etwa um den Faktor 103 rascher abgebaut. Produkte und Folgereaktionen werden sichergestellt. Es liegen jeweils SH2-Mechanismen mit Angriff von Stannyl-Radikalen am (acylseitigen) Schwefel vor. Bei 1, 2 und 11 ist ΔH spont.≠ = 35 bzw. 34 ± 2 kcal/mol bei 150°C.
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