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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-American Geophysical Union
    Schlagwort(e): Climatic changes ; Ocean-atmosphere interaction ; Climatic changes ; Ocean-atmosphere interaction ; El Niño Current ; Pacific Ocean ; El Niño Current ; El-Niño-Phänomen ; Southern oscillation ; Klimaänderung
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: "Comprehensive and up-to-date information on Earth's most dominant year-to-year climate variation The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the Pacific Ocean has major worldwide social and economic consequences through its global scale effects on atmospheric and oceanic circulation, marine and terrestrial ecosystems, and other natural systems. Ongoing climate change is projected to significantly alter ENSO's dynamics and impacts. El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate presents the latest theories, models, and observations, and explores the challenges of forecasting ENSO as the climate continues to change. Volume highlights include: Historical background on ENSO and its societal consequences - Review of key El Niño (ENSO warm phase) and La Niña (ENSO cold phase) characteristics - Mathematical description of the underlying physical processes that generate ENSO variations - Conceptual framework for understanding ENSO changes on decadal and longer time scales, including the response to greenhouse gas forcing ENSO impacts on extreme ocean, weather, and climate events, including tropical cyclones, and how ENSO affects fisheries and the global carbon cycle - Advances in modeling, paleo-reconstructions, and operational climate forecasting - Future projections of ENSO and its impacts - Factors influencing ENSO events, such as inter-basin climate interactions and volcanic eruptions"--
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: First edition
    ISBN: 9781119548119 , 111954811X , 9781119548164
    Serie: Geophysical monograph series
    DDC: 551.5/24648
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: Includes index , Includes bibliographical references and index
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Buch
    Buch
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-American Geophysical Union
    Schlagwort(e): Climatic changes ; Ocean-atmosphere interaction ; El Niño Current ; El-Niño-Phänomen ; Southern oscillation ; Klimaänderung
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: "Comprehensive and up-to-date information on Earth's most dominant year-to-year climate variation The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the Pacific Ocean has major worldwide social and economic consequences through its global scale effects on atmospheric and oceanic circulation, marine and terrestrial ecosystems, and other natural systems. Ongoing climate change is projected to significantly alter ENSO's dynamics and impacts. El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate presents the latest theories, models, and observations, and explores the challenges of forecasting ENSO as the climate continues to change. Volume highlights include: Historical background on ENSO and its societal consequences - Review of key El Niño (ENSO warm phase) and La Niña (ENSO cold phase) characteristics - Mathematical description of the underlying physical processes that generate ENSO variations - Conceptual framework for understanding ENSO changes on decadal and longer time scales, including the response to greenhouse gas forcing ENSO impacts on extreme ocean, weather, and climate events, including tropical cyclones, and how ENSO affects fisheries and the global carbon cycle - Advances in modeling, paleo-reconstructions, and operational climate forecasting - Future projections of ENSO and its impacts - Factors influencing ENSO events, such as inter-basin climate interactions and volcanic eruptions"--
    Materialart: Buch
    Seiten: XVI, 506 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Ausgabe: First edition
    ISBN: 9781119548126
    Serie: Geophysical monograph series 253
    DDC: 551.5/24648
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: Includes index , Includes bibliographical references and index
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-12-07
    Beschreibung: Based on velocity data from a long‐term moored observatory located at 0°N, 23°W we present evidence of a vertical asymmetry during the intraseasonal maxima of northward and southward upper‐ocean flow in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean. Periods of northward flow are characterized by a meridional velocity maximum close to the surface, while southward phases show a subsurface velocity maximum at about 40 m. We show that the observed asymmetry is caused by the local winds. Southerly wind stress at the equator drives northward flow near the surface and southward flow below that is superimposed on the Tropical Instability Wave (TIW) velocity field. This wind‐driven overturning cell, known as the Equatorial Roll, shows a distinct seasonal cycle linked to the seasonality of the meridional component of the south‐easterly trade winds. The superposition of vertical shear of the Equatorial Roll and TIWs causes asymmetric mixing during northward and southward TIW phases.
    Beschreibung: Plain Language Summary; Tropical Instability Waves (TIWs) are clear in satellite measurements of sea surface temperature as horizontal undulations with wavelength of the order of 1,000 km in equatorial regions of both Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. TIWs are characterized by their distinctive upper‐ocean meridional velocity structure. TIWs amplify vertical shear and thus contribute to the generation of turbulence which in turn leads to the mixing of heat and freshwater downward into the deeper ocean. In this study we show that the prevailing southerly winds in the central equatorial Atlantic drive near‐surface northward and subsurface southward flows, which are superposed on the meridional TIW velocity field. The strength of this wind driven cell is linked to the seasonal cycle of the northward component of the trade winds, peaking in boreal fall when TIWs reach their maximum amplitude. The overturning cell affects the vertical structure of the meridional velocity field and thus has impact on the generation of current shear and turbulence. We show that the overturning reduces/enhances shear during northward/southward TIW flow, an asymmetry that is consistent with independent measurements showing asymmetric mixing.
    Beschreibung: Key Points: Composites of Tropical Instability Waves at 0°N, 23°W show a surface (subsurface) velocity maximum during northward (southward) phases. Meridional wind stress forces a seasonally‐varying, shallow cross‐equatorial overturning cell‐the Equatorial Roll. The superposition of Tropical Instability Waves and Equatorial Roll causes asymmetric mixing during north‐ and southward phases.
    Beschreibung: EU H2020
    Beschreibung: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347
    Beschreibung: US NSF
    Beschreibung: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Beschreibung: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000192
    Beschreibung: National Academy of Sciences http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000209
    Beschreibung: National Science Foundation http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001
    Beschreibung: https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.941042
    Beschreibung: https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/tao/drupal/disdel/
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:551.5 ; tropical instability waves ; equatorial Atlantic ; equatorial roll ; moored velocity data ; ocean mixing ; ocean observations
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: doc-type:article
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 398 (1999), S. 559-562 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] Just under a year ago, a sharp drop in equatorial Pacific sea-surface temperatures heralded the end of the 1997-98 El Niño. Called by some “the climate event of the century”, it was by several measures the strongest on record. Identifying why it was so strong challenges our ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 415 (2002), S. 603-608 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] Decadal temperature fluctuations in the Pacific Ocean have a significant effect on marine ecosystems and the climate of North America. The physical mechanisms responsible for these fluctuations are poorly understood. Some theories ascribe a central role to the wind-driven meridional overturning ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 370 (1994), S. 326-327 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] THE El Nino event of 1982-83, the strongest of the century, had dramatic effects on the circulation of the tropical Pacific Ocean1, the marine ecology of the eastern equatorial Pacific2'3 and patterns of weather variability around the globe4. Its oceanic effects also penetrated to higher latitudes ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-02-08
    Beschreibung: El Niño events are characterized by surface warming of the tropical Pacific Ocean and weakening of equatorial trade winds that occur every few years. Such conditions are accompanied by changes in atmospheric and oceanic circulation, affecting global climate, marine and terrestrial ecosystems, fisheries and human activities. The alternation of warm El Niño and cold La Niña conditions, referred to as the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), represents the strongest year-to-year fluctuation of the global climate system. Here we provide a synopsis of our current understanding of the spatio-temporal complexity of this important climate mode and its influence on the Earth system.
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    AMS (American Meteorological Society)
    In:  Journal of Climate, 27 (21). pp. 8135-8150.
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-08-04
    Beschreibung: Sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the eastern equatorial Atlantic are connected to modulations in the strength of the South Atlantic subtropical high-pressure system, referred to as the South Atlantic Anticyclone (SAA). Using ocean and atmosphere reanalysis products we show here that the strength of the SAA from February to May impacts the timing of the cold tongue onset and the intensity of its development in the eastern equatorial Atlantic (EEA) via anomalous tropical wind power. This modulation of the timing and amplitude of the seasonal cold tongue development manifests as anomalous SST events peaking between June and August. The timing and impact of this connection is not completely symmetric for warm and cold events. For cold events, an anomalously strong SAA in February and March leads to positive wind power anomalies from February to June resulting in an early cold tongue onset and subsequent cold SST anomalies in June and July. For warm events the anomalously weak SAA persists until May, generating negative wind power anomalies that lead to a late cold tongue onset as well as a suppression of the cold tongue development and associated warm SST anomalies. Mechanisms by which SAA induced wind power variations south of the equator influence EEA SST are discussed, including ocean adjustment via Rossby and Kelvin wave propagation, meridional advection, and local intraseasonal wind variations
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    AMS (American Meteorological Society)
    In:  Journal of Climate, 27 (7). pp. 2577-2587.
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-10-22
    Beschreibung: A decadal change in the character of ENSO was observed around year 2000 toward weaker-amplitude, higher-frequency events with an increased occurrence of central Pacific El Niños. Here these changes are assessed in terms of the Bjerknes stability index (BJ index), which is a measure of the growth rate of ENSO-related SST anomalies. The individual terms of the index are calculated from ocean reanalysis products separately for the time periods 1980–99 and 2000–10. The spread between the products is large, but they show a robust weakening of the thermocline feedback due to a reduced thermocline slope response to anomalous zonal wind stress as well as a weakened wind stress response to eastern equatorial Pacific SST anomalies. These changes are consistent with changes in the background state of the tropical Pacific: cooler mean SST in the eastern and central equatorial Pacific results in reduced convection there together with a westward shift in the ascending branch of the Walker circulation. This shift leads to a weakening in the relationship between eastern Pacific SST and longitudinally averaged equatorial zonal wind stress. Also, despite a steeper mean thermocline slope in the more recent period, the thermocline slope response to wind stress anomalies weakened due to a smaller zonal wind fetch that results from ENSO-related wind anomalies being more confined to the western basin. As a result, the total BJ index is more negative, corresponding to a more strongly damped system in the past decade compared to the 1980s and 1990s.
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Meteorological Society
    In:  Journal of Climate, 26 (16). pp. 5965-5980.
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-07-24
    Beschreibung: El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the Pacific and the analogous Atlantic Niño mode are generated by processes involving coupled ocean–atmosphere interactions known as the Bjerknes feedback. It has been argued that the Atlantic Niño mode is more strongly damped than ENSO, which is presumed to be closer to neutrally stable. In this study the stability of ENSO and the Atlantic Niño mode is compared via an analysis of the Bjerknes stability index. This index is based on recharge oscillator theory and can be interpreted as the growth rate for coupled modes of ocean–atmosphere variability. Using observational data, an ocean reanalysis product, and output from an ocean general circulation model, the individual terms of the Bjerknes index are calculated for the first time for the Atlantic and then compared to results for the Pacific. Positive thermocline feedbacks in response to wind stress forcing favor anomaly growth in both basins, but they are twice as large in the Pacific compared to the Atlantic. Thermocline feedback is related to the fetch of the zonal winds, which is much greater in the equatorial Pacific than in the equatorial Atlantic due to larger basin size. Negative feedbacks are dominated by thermal damping of sea surface temperature anomalies in both basins. Overall, it is found that both ENSO and the Atlantic Niño mode are damped oscillators, but the Atlantic is more strongly damped than the Pacific primarily because of the weaker thermocline feedback.
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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