Schlagwort(e):
Evolution (Biology).
;
Phylogeny.
;
Electronic books.
Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis:
This is a comprehensive reference source on the evolution of life, especially the family tree of organisms and when they originated in time. More than 100 experts on different organisms have distilled the latest research on the evolution of life, primarily from analyses of gene sequences but also from the fossil record. - ;The evolutionary history of life includes two primary components: phylogeny and timescale. Phylogeny refers to the branching order (relationships) of species or other taxa within a group and is crucial for understanding the inheritance of traits and for erecting classifications. However, a timescale is equally important because it provides a way to compare phylogeny directly with the evolution of other organisms and with planetary history such as geology, climate, extraterrestrial. impacts, and other features. The Timetree of Life is the first reference book to synthesize the wealth of information relating to the temporal component of phylogenetic trees. In the past, biologists have relied exclusively upon the fossil record to infer an evolutionary timescale. However, recent revolutionary advances in molecular biology have made it possible to not only estimate the relationships of many groups of organisms, but also to estimate their times of divergence with molecular clocks. The routine. estimation and utilization of these so-called 'time-trees' could add exciting new dimensions to biology including enhanced opportunities to integrate large molecular data sets with fossil and biogeographic evidence (and thereby foster greater communication between molecular and traditional systematists). They. could help estimate not only ancestral character states but also evolutionary rates in numerous categories of organismal phenotype; establish more reliable associations between causal historical processes and biological outcomes; develop
Materialart:
Online-Ressource
Seiten:
1 online resource (1268 pages)
Ausgabe:
1st ed.
ISBN:
9780191560156
URL:
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=430493
DDC:
576.8
Sprache:
Englisch
Anmerkung:
Cover Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- List of Contributors -- INTRODUCTION -- Discovering the Timetree of Life -- Timetrees: beyond cladograms, phenograms, and phylograms -- The geologic time scale -- Calibrating and constraining molecular clocks -- TIMETREES -- Life -- SUPERKINGDOMS -- Archaebacteria -- Eubacteria -- Eukaryotes (Eukaryota) -- PROTISTS -- Haptophyte algae (Haptophyta) -- Diatoms (Bacillariophyta) -- PLANTS -- Land plants (Embryophyta) -- Mosses (Bryophyta) -- Liverworts (Marchantiophyta) -- Ferns -- Gymnosperms -- Flowering plants (Magnoliophyta) -- Magnoliids -- Eudicots -- Asterids -- Eurosid I -- Eurosid II -- Monocots -- FUNGI -- Fungi -- ANIMALS -- Animals (Metazoa) -- INVERTEBRATES -- Cnidarians (Cnidaria) -- Scaphopod mollusks (Scaphopoda) -- Cephalopod mollusks (Cephalopoda) -- Nematodes (Nematoda) -- Arthropods (Arthropoda) -- Spiders (Araneae) -- Holometabolous insects (Holometabola) -- Bees, ants, and stinging wasps (Aculeata) -- True flies (Diptera) -- Beetles (Coleoptera) -- Lacewings (Neuroptera) -- Crabs, shrimps, and lobsters (Decapoda) -- Stalked and acorn barnacles (Thoracica) -- Sea urchins (Echinoidea) -- VERTEBRATES -- Vertebrates (Vertebrata) -- FISHES -- Jawless fishes (Cyclostomata) -- Cartilaginous fishes (Chondrichthyes) -- Ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii) -- Sturgeons and paddlefishes (Acipenseriformes) -- Teleost fishes (Teleostei) -- Notothenioid fishes (Notothenioidei) -- Labyrinth fishes (Anabantoidei) -- Lungfishes (Dipnoi) -- AMPHIBIANS -- Amphibians (Lissamphibia) -- Frogs and toads (Anura) -- Salamanders (Caudata) -- Caecilians (Gymnophiona) -- AMNIOTES -- Amniotes (Amniota) -- REPTILES -- Lizards, snakes, and amphisbaenians (Squamata) -- Snakes (Serpentes) -- Turtles (Testudines) -- Crocodylians (Crocodylia) -- BIRDS -- Birds (Aves).
,
Ratites and tinamous (Paleognathae) -- Waterfowl and gamefowl (Galloanserae) -- Advanced birds (Neoaves) -- Passerine birds (Passeriformes) -- Shorebirds (Charadriiformes) -- Diurnal birds of prey (Falconiformes) -- Cranes, rails, and allies (Gruiformes) -- Woodpeckers, toucans, barbets, and allies (Piciformes) -- Owls (Strigiformes) -- Swifts, treeswifts, and hummingbirds (Apodiformes) -- MAMMALS -- Mammals (Mammalia) -- Monotremes (Prototheria) -- Marsupials (Metatheria) -- Placental mammals (Eutheria) -- Armadillos, anteaters, and sloths (Xenarthra) -- Tenrecs and golden moles (Afrosoricida) -- Primates (Primates) -- Pikas, hares, and rabbits (Lagomorpha) -- Rodents (Rodentia) -- Hedgehogs, shrews, moles, and solenodons (Eulipotyphla) -- Bats (Chiroptera) -- Carnivores (Carnivora) -- Rhinoceroses, tapirs, and horses (Perissodactyla) -- Whales and even-toed ungulates (Cetartiodactyla) -- Index.
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