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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin, Heidelberg :Springer Berlin / Heidelberg,
    Keywords: Lagomorpha. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (404 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9783540724469
    DDC: 599.32
    Language: English
    Note: Preliminary -- Introduction to the Lagomorpha -- Prehistoric and Historic Artificial Dispersal of Lagomorphs on the Mediterranean Islands -- The Lagomorph Fossil Record and the Origin of the European Rabbit -- Inferring the Evolutionary History of the European Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) from Molecular Markers -- Phylogenetic Aspects of Nuclear and Mitochondrial Gene-Pool Characteristics of South and North African Cape Hares (Lepus capensis) and European Hares (Lepus europaeus) -- The World of Pikas -- When? Where? and for How Long? Census Design Considerations for an Alpine Lagomorph, the Collared Pika ( Ochotona collaris ) -- Weather Effects on Reproduction, Survival, and Body Mass of European Rabbits in a Temperate Zone Habitat -- Ecosystem Engineering Effects of European Rabbits in a Mediterranean Habitat -- Forest-Fire Regime: The Missing Link to Understand Snowshoe Hare Population Fluctuations? -- Introduced Lagomorphs as a Threat to "Native" Lagomorphs: The Case of the Eastern Cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus) in Northern Italy -- Testing Multiple Hypotheses to Identify Causes of the Decline of a Lagomorph Species: The New England Cottontail as a Case Study -- Many Common Odour Cues and (at Least) One Pheromone Shaping the Behaviour of Young Rabbits -- Mother-Young and Within-Litter Relations in the European Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus -- Fertility and Infertility in the European Hare Lepus europaeus in Australia -- A Review of Competition between Rabbits ( Oryctolagus cuniculus ) and Hares ( Lepus europaeus ) -- European Brown Hare Syndrome -- How Many Caliciviruses are there in Rabbits? A Review on RHDV and Correlated Viruses -- Geographic and Seasonal Variation in the Impact of Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease on European Rabbits, Oryctolagus cuniculus , and Rabbit Damage in Australia -- Conservation of Endangered Lagomorphs. , Managing the European Rabbit: Converging Interests Between Australian Research for Rabbit Control and European Research for their Conservation -- Improving Rabbit Restocking Success: A Review of Field Experiments in France -- Recovering the Endangered Riparian Brush rabbit ( Sylvilagus bachmani riparius ): Reproduction and Growth in Confinement and Survival after Translocation -- Conservation of Critically Endangered Lagomorphs: The Tehuantepec Jackrabbit (Lepus flavigularis) as an Example -- A Review of the Biology and Conservation of the Amami Rabbit ( Pentalagus furnessi ) -- Overview of Lagomorph Research: What we have learned and what we still need to do -- Back matter.
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  • 2
    Keywords: Computer algorithms-Congresses. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (706 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9783030918859
    Series Statement: Communications in Computer and Information Science Series ; v.1488
    DDC: 005.1
    Language: English
    Note: Intro -- Preface -- Organization -- Contents -- Optimization Theory -- Dynamic Response Surface Method Combined with Genetic Algorithm to Optimize Extraction Process Problem -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods Approaches and Techniques -- 2.1 Response Surface Method -- 2.2 Hybrid Genetic Algorithm -- 2.3 Cluster Analysis -- 2.4 Bootstrap Analysis -- 3 Case Study -- 4 Data Analysis -- 4.1 Traditional RSM -- 4.2 Dynamic RSM -- 5 Numerical Results -- 6 Conclusion and Future Work -- References -- Towards a High-Performance Implementation of the MCSFilter Optimization Algorithm -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Multistart Coordinate Search Filter Method -- 3 Computational Results -- 3.1 Benchmark Problems -- 3.2 Experimental Conditions -- 3.3 Analysis of the Results -- 4 Conclusions and Future Work -- References -- On the Performance of the ORTHOMADS Algorithm on Continuous and Mixed-Integer Optimization Problems -- 1 Introduction -- 2 MADS and the Variants of ORTHOMADS -- 2.1 The MADS Algorithm -- 2.2 ORTHOMADS Variants -- 3 Test of the Variants of ORTHOMADS -- 3.1 The COCO Platform and the Used Testbeds -- 3.2 Parameter Setting -- 3.3 Results -- 4 Comparison of ORTHOMADS with other solvers -- 4.1 Compared Algorithms -- 4.2 Parameter Setting -- 4.3 Results -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- A Look-Ahead Based Meta-heuristics for Optimizing Continuous Optimization Problems -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Combining Simulated Annealing with Local Search -- 3 Combining Genetic Algorithm with Local Search -- 4 Benchmark Functions and Parameter Setting -- 5 Experimental Results -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Inverse Optimization for Warehouse Management -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Storage Location Assignment Model -- 3.1 Definitions -- 3.2 Location Assignment Model -- 3.3 Cost Model -- 3.4 Dual Model -- 3.5 Pattern Generation -- 4 Inverse Optimization Method. , 5 Computational Experiments -- 5.1 Results -- 5.2 Discussion -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Model-Agnostic Multi-objective Approach for the Evolutionary Discovery of Mathematical Models -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Problem Statement for Model-Agnostic Approach -- 3 Examples -- 3.1 Experimental Setup -- 3.2 Composite Machine Learning Models -- 3.3 Closed-Form Algebraic Expressions -- 3.4 Differential Equations -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- A Simple Clustering Algorithm Based on Weighted Expected Distances -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Cluster Analysis -- 3 Weighted Distances Clustering Algorithm -- 3.1 Weighted Expected Distances -- 3.2 The WD-Based Algorithm -- 4 Computational Results -- 4.1 Generated Data Sets -- 4.2 `Iris' and `Wine' Data Sets -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Optimization of Wind Turbines Placement in Offshore Wind Farms: Wake Effects Concerns -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Wind Farm Power Model -- 2.1 Power in the Wind -- 2.2 The Jensen Model for Wake Effect -- 3 Optimization Model -- 4 Case Study and Results -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- A Simulation Tool for Optimizing a 3D Spray Painting System -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 2.1 Painting Methods -- 2.2 Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) -- 2.3 Spray Simulation Applied to robotics -- 2.4 Commercial Simulators -- 3 Simulator Painting Add-On -- 4 Results -- 5 Conclusion and Future Work -- References -- Optimization of Glottal Onset Peak Detection Algorithm for Accurate Jitter Measurement -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology -- 2.1 Jitter -- 2.2 Database -- 3 Development -- 3.1 Comparative Analysis Between the Signals Themselves -- 3.2 Algorithm Adjustments -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Searching the Optimal Parameters of a 3D Scanner Through Particle Swarm Optimization -- 1 Introduction -- 2 State of the Art -- 3 3D Scanning System -- 4 Methodology. , 4.1 Problem Definition -- 4.2 Optimization -- 5 Results -- 6 Conclusions and Future Work -- References -- Optimal Sizing of a Hybrid Energy System Based on Renewable Energy Using Evolutionary Optimization Algorithms -- 1 Introduction -- 2 HES Configuration Architecture -- 3 Study Data -- 4 System Modeling -- 4.1 Photovoltaic Energy System -- 4.2 Wind Energy Conversion System -- 4.3 Energy Storage System -- 4.4 Diesel Generator -- 5 Adopted Sizing Strategy -- 6 Problem Formulation -- 7 Results and Discussions -- 7.1 Optimisation Results -- 7.2 Technical Validation -- 7.3 Economical Evaluation -- 8 Conclusions and Future Work -- References -- Robotics -- Human Detector Smart Sensor for Autonomous Disinfection Mobile Robot -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 System Architecture -- 3.1 Thermal Camera -- 3.2 RGB Camera -- 3.3 LiDAR -- 3.4 Messaging Protocol -- 4 Results -- 5 Conclusions and Future Work -- References -- Multiple Mobile Robots Scheduling Based on Simulated Annealing Algorithm -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Problem Description -- 2 State Art -- 3 System Architecture -- 4 Implemented Optimisation Methodology -- 4.1 Calculate the Value of a Solution -- 4.2 Initial Clustering of the Tasks -- 4.3 Simulated Annealing Algorithm -- 5 Tests and Results -- 5.1 Test Parameters and Environment -- 5.2 Four Robots and Twenty Tasks -- 5.3 Eight Robots and Forty Tasks -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Multi AGV Industrial Supervisory System -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 2.1 TEA* Algorithm -- 3 System Overall Structure -- 3.1 Robot Localisation Module -- 3.2 Robot Control Module -- 3.3 Robots' Architecture -- 3.4 Central Control Module -- 4 Experiments and Results -- 4.1 Test A -- 4.2 Test B -- 4.3 Test C -- 4.4 Results Discussion -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Dual Coulomb Counting Extended Kalman Filter for Battery SOC Determination. , 1 Introduction -- 2 State of the Art Review -- 3 Algorithm Description -- 3.1 Coulomb Counting Method -- 3.2 Extended Kalman Filter Method -- 3.3 Battery Modelling -- 3.4 Simulation Results -- 4 Proposed Solution -- 4.1 Module Connection -- 4.2 Operating Principle -- 5 Results and Discussions -- 6 Conclusion and Future Work -- References -- Sensor Fusion for Mobile Robot Localization Using Extended Kalman Filter, UWB ToF and ArUco Markers -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 System Architecture -- 4 Problem Formulation -- 4.1 ArUco Markers -- 4.2 Extended Kalman Filter Localization -- 5 Results and Discussion -- 5.1 Pozyx Characterization -- 5.2 ArUco Characterization -- 5.3 Localization Results -- 6 Conclusions and Future Work -- References -- Deep Reinforcement Learning Applied to a Robotic Pick-and-Place Application -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Theoretical Background -- 2.1 Convolutional Neural Networks -- 2.2 Object Detection and Classification Algorithms -- 2.3 Deep Reinforcement Learning -- 2.4 Deep Q Learning -- 3 Proposed System -- 3.1 Action Space -- 3.2 Convolutional Neural Network -- 3.3 Simulation Environment -- 3.4 Integrator -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 4.1 Modules -- 4.2 Training -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Measurements with the Internet of Things -- An IoT Approach for Animals Tracking -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 System Description -- 3.1 Data Acquisition and Transmission -- 3.2 Data Storage and e Visualization -- 4 Development and Results -- 5 Conclusion and Future Work -- References -- Optimizing Data Transmission in a Wireless Sensor Network Based on LoRaWAN Protocol -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 System Architecture -- 4 Algorithm -- 5 Results -- 6 Conclusion and Future Works -- References -- Indoor Location Estimation Based on Diffused Beacon Network -- 1 Introduction -- 2 System Model. , 3 Distributed Collaborative Beacon Network -- 3.1 Proposal -- 3.2 Algorithms and Complexity Analysis -- 4 Evaluation -- 4.1 Simulations -- 4.2 Real Implementation Analysis -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- SMACovid-19 - Autonomous Monitoring System for Covid-19 -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Docker and FIWARE -- 3 System Architecture -- 3.1 Data Model -- 3.2 Data Acquisition -- 3.3 Data Analysis and Forecast Execution -- 4 Results -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Optimization in Control Systems Design -- Economic Burden of Personal Protective Strategies for Dengue Disease: an Optimal Control Approach -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Dengue Economic Burden -- 1.2 Personal Protective Measures (PPM) -- 2 The Epidemiological Model -- 2.1 Dengue Epidemiological Model -- 2.2 Optimal Control Problem -- 3 Numerical Results -- 3.1 Single Control -- 3.2 Combined Control -- 3.3 Cost of the Control -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- ERP Business Speed - A Measuring Framework -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Theoretical Background -- 2.1 ERP Systems and Their Significance for Businesses -- 2.2 Business Speed Requirements -- 3 Research Design -- 4 Results and Discussion: Benchmark of ERP Business Speed by Operations -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- BELBIC Based Step-Down Controller Design Using PSO -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Step-Down (Buck) Converter -- 3 The BELBIC Controller -- 4 The PSO Algorithm -- 5 Step-Down Control with BELBIC -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Robotic Welding Optimization Using A* Parallel Path Planning -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background -- 2.1 Parallel Computing in Robotics -- 3 Implementation -- 3.1 A* Algorithm -- 3.2 Parallel Computing -- 4 Integration -- 5 Experimental Validation -- 5.1 CPU Parallelism -- 5.2 GPU Parallelism -- 6 Conclusion and Future Work -- References -- Deep Learning -- Leaf-Based Species Recognition Using Convolutional Neural Networks. , 1 Introduction.
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Baltimore :Johns Hopkins University Press,
    Keywords: Electronic books.
    Description / Table of Contents: It will be beneficial for those conducting biodiversity surveys and conservation throughout the world.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (281 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9781421423418
    DDC: 599.32
    Language: English
    Note: Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Contributors -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Evolution of Lagomorphs -- 3 Systematics of Lagomorphs -- 4 Introduced Lagomorphs -- 5 Diseases of Lagomorphs -- 6 Conservation of Lagomorphs -- SPECIES ACCOUNTS -- Order Lagomorpha -- Family Ochotonidae -- Ochotona alpina -- Ochotona argentata -- Ochotona cansus -- Ochotona collaris -- Ochotona coreana -- Ochotona curzoniae -- Ochotona dauurica -- Ochotona erythrotis -- Ochotona forresti -- Ochotona gloveri -- Ochotona hoffmanni -- Ochotona hyperborea -- Ochotona iliensis -- Ochotona koslowi -- Ochotona ladacensis -- Ochotona macrotis -- Ochotona mantchurica -- Ochotona nubrica -- Ochotona opaca -- Ochotona pallasii -- Ochotona princeps -- Ochotona pusilla -- Ochotona roylei -- Ochotona rufescens -- Ochotona rutila -- Ochotona syrinx -- Ochotona thibetana -- Ochotona thomasi -- Ochotona turuchanensis -- Family Leporidae -- The Rabbits -- Brachylagus idahoensis -- Bunolagus monticularis -- Caprolagus hispidus -- Nesolagus netscheri -- Nesolagus timminsi -- Oryctolagus cuniculus -- Pentalagus furnessi -- Poelagus marjorita -- Pronolagus crassicaudatus -- Pronolagus randensis -- Pronolagus rupestris -- Pronolagus saundersiae -- Romerolagus diazi -- Sylvilagus -- Sylvilagus aquaticus -- Sylvilagus audubonii -- Sylvilagus bachmani -- Sylvilagus brasiliensis sensu stricto -- Sylvilagus cognatus -- Sylvilagus cunicularius -- Sylvilagus dicei -- Sylvilagus floridanus -- Sylvilagus gabbi -- Sylvilagus graysoni -- Sylvilagus insonus -- Sylvilagus mansuetus -- Sylvilagus nuttallii -- Sylvilagus obscurus -- Sylvilagus palustris -- Sylvilagus robustus -- Sylvilagus transitionalis -- Sylvilagus varynaensis -- Lepus -- Lepus alleni -- Lepus americanus -- Lepus arcticus -- Lepus brachyurus -- Lepus californicus -- Lepus callotis -- Lepus capensis -- Lepus castroviejoi. , Lepus comus -- Lepus coreanus -- Lepus corsicanus -- Lepus europaeus -- Lepus fagani -- Lepus flavigularis -- Lepus granatensis -- Lepus habessinicus -- Lepus hainanus -- Lepus insularis -- Lepus mandshuricus -- Lepus nigricollis -- Lepus oiostolus -- Lepus othus -- Lepus peguensis -- Lepus saxatilis -- Lepus sinensis -- Lepus starcki -- Lepus tibetanus -- Lepus timidus -- Lepus tolai -- Lepus townsendii -- Lepus victoriae -- Lepus yarkandensis -- References -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- X -- Y -- Z.
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Keywords: Ecology . ; Zoology. ; Biodiversity. ; Conservation biology.
    Description / Table of Contents: This volume provides comprehensive overviews of the primate’s and each lagomorph species’ biology including palaeontology, physiology, genetics, reproduction and development, ecology, habitat, diet, mortality and age determination. Their economic significance and management, as well as future challenges for research and management are also addressed. Each chapter includes a distribution map, a photograph of the animal and key literature. This authoritative volume of the Handbook of the Mammals of Europe is a timely and detailed compilation of all European primates and lagomorphs and will appeal to academics and students in mammal research, as well as to professionals dealing with mammal management, including control, use and conservation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(40 illus., 27 illus. in color. eReference.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    ISBN: 9783030340438
    Series Statement: Handbook of the Mammals of Europe
    Language: English
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A mouse cell line of C57B1/6J spontaneous melanoma (clone PG 19), and a C-type virus transformed cell line (G-8 clone 124) originating from normal Balb/c mice were used in a study of the centromeric heterochromatin region of BrdU-labelled chromosomes stained by the Giemsa pH 10.4 method. Three possible explanations for the generation of compound lateral asymmetry within the centromeric heterochromatin region of the laboratory mouse are discussed: 1) inverted translocation; 2) centric fusion followed by paracentromeric fission and 3) inversion of part of the centromeric satellite DNA. These processes could be of considerable genetic and evolutionary significance. The non-random spatial position of unstained and dark stained C-bands in BrdU-labelled diplochromosomes of endoreduplicated cells can be explained as being due to the localization of the old and new DNA chains in a unineme chromatid model. The late replicating regions are shown to be located on the inside of the half-chromatid close to the axial symmetry axis of the metaphase chromosome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: sarcoplasmic reticulum ; Ca2+-ATPase ; free radicals ; protein oxidation ; lipid peroxidation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The major protein in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membrane is the Ca2+ transporting ATPase which carries out active Ca2+ pumping at the expense of ATP hydrolysis. The aim of this work was to elucidate the mechanisms by which oxidative stress induced by Fenton's reaction (Fe2+ + H2O2 → HO· + OH−+ Fe3+) alters the function of SR. ATP hydrolysis by both SR vesicles (SRV) and purified ATPase was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner in the presence of 0–1.5 MM H2O2 plus 50 μM Fe2+ and 6 mM ascorbate. Ca2+ uptake carried out by the Ca2+-ATPase in SRV was also inhibited in parallel. The inhibition of hydrolysis and Ca2+ uptake was not prevented by butylhydroxytoluene (BHT) at concentrations which significantly blocked formation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), suggesting that inhibition of the ATPase was not due to lipid peroxidation of the SR membrane. In addition, dithiothreitol (DTT) did not prevent inhibition of either ATPase activity or Ca2+ uptake, suggesting that inhibition was not related to oxidation of ATPase thiols. The passive efflux of 45Ca2+ from pre-loaded SR vesicles was greatly increased by oxidative stress and this effect could be only partially prevented (ca 20%) by addition of BHT or DTT. Trifluoperazine (which specifically binds to the Ca2+-ATPase, causing conformational changes in the enzyme) fully protected the ATPase activity against oxidative damage. These results suggest that the alterations in function observed upon oxidation of SRV are mainly due to direct effects on the Ca2+-ATPase. Electrophoretic analysis of oxidized Ca2+-ATPase revealed a decrease in intensity of the silver-stained 110 kDa Ca2+-ATPase band and the appearance of low molecular weight peptides (MW 〈 100 kDa) and high molecular weight protein aggregates. Presence of DTT during oxidation prevented the appearance of protein aggregates and caused a simultaneous increase in the amount of low molecular weight peptides. We propose that impairment of function of the Ca2+-pump may be related to aminoacid oxidation and fragmentation of the protein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 38 (2000), S. 87-96 
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: iberian hare ; brown hare ; genetic polymorphism ; peptidases ; hemoglobin ; α chain ; plasma proteins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Six genetic polymorphisms for the Iberian hare (Lepus granatensis) and four for the brown hare (L. europaeus) are newly described. The genetic variation of peptidases B (PEPB) and C (PEPC), hemoglobin CHKαCHK chain (HBA), hemopexin (HPX), vitamin D binding protein (GC), and properdin factor B (BF) was assessed by conventional electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing in carrier ampholytes and hybrid pH gradients. Six alleles were detected in PEPB, three in PEPC, four in HBA, six in GC, five in HPX, and six in BF. At least one allele was shared between species at all loci except HBA. The allelic overlap between the two species was medium to high in PEPB, GC, and HPX and small in PEPC and BF.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key wordsNeurospora crassa ; Mitochondria ; Complex I ; Assembly ; Gene disruption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The nuclear gene coding for the 20.8k-kDa subunit of the membrane arm of respiratory chain NADH:ubiquinone reductase (Complex I) from Neurospora crassa, nuo-20.8 was localized on linkage group I of the fungal genome. A genomic DNA fragment containing this gene was cloned and a duplication was created in a strain of N. crassa by transformation. To generate RIP (repeat-induced point) mutations in the duplicated sequence, the transformant was crossed with another strain carrying an auxotrophic marker on chromosome I. To increase the chance of finding an isolate with a non-functional nuo-20.8 gene, random progeny from the cross were selected against this auxotrophy since RIP of the target gene will only occur in the nucleus carrying the duplication. Among these, we isolated and characterised a mutant strain that lacks the 20.8 kDa mitochondrial protein, indicating that this cysteine-rich polypeptide is not essential. Nevertheless, the absence of the 20.8-kDa subunit prevents the full assembly of complex I. It appears that the peripheral arm and two intermediates of the membrane arm of the enzyme are still formed in the mutant mitochondria. The NADH:ubiquinone reductase activity of sonicated mitochondria from the mutant is rotenone insensitive. Electron microscopy of mutant mitochondria does not reveal any alteration in the structure or numbers of the organelles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2016-03-10
    Description: Author(s): Simon J. Haward, Robert J. Poole, Manuel A. Alves, Paulo J. Oliveira, Nigel Goldenfeld, and Amy Q. Shen We examine fluid flow through cross-slot devices with various depth to width ratios α . At low Reynolds number, Re, flow is symmetric and a sharp boundary exists between the two incoming fluid streams. Above an α -dependent critical value, R e c ( α ) , a steady symmetry-breaking bifurcation occurs and a sp… [Phys. Rev. E 93, 031101(R)] Published Wed Mar 09, 2016
    Keywords: Fluid Dynamics
    Print ISSN: 1539-3755
    Electronic ISSN: 1550-2376
    Topics: Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2014-09-29
    Description: Background: Nitrogen (N) is a main nutrient required for tree growth and biomass accumulation. In this study, we analyzed the effects of contrasting nitrogen fertilization treatments on the phenotypes of fast growing Eucalyptus hybrids (E. urophylla x E. grandis) with a special focus on xylem secondary cell walls and global gene expression patterns. Results: Histological observations of the xylem secondary cell walls further confirmed by chemical analyses showed that lignin was reduced by luxuriant fertilization, whereas a consistent lignin deposition was observed in trees grown in N-limiting conditions. Also, the syringyl/guaiacyl (S/G) ratio was significantly lower in luxuriant nitrogen samples. Deep sequencing RNAseq analyses allowed us to identify a high number of differentially expressed genes (1,469) between contrasting N treatments. This number is dramatically higher than those obtained in similar studies performed in poplar but using microarrays. Remarkably, all the genes involved the general phenylpropanoid metabolism and lignin pathway were found to be down-regulated in response to high N availability. These findings further confirmed by RT-qPCR are in agreement with the reduced amount of lignin in xylem secondary cell walls of these plants. Conclusions: This work enabled us to identify, at the whole genome level, xylem genes differentially regulated by N availability, some of which are involved in the environmental control of xylogenesis. It further illustrates that N fertilization can be used to alter the quantity and quality of lignocellulosic biomass in Eucalyptus, offering exciting prospects for the pulp and paper industry and for the use of short coppices plantations to produce second generation biofuels.
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-2229
    Topics: Biology
    Published by BioMed Central
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