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  • 1
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    Tracing basal resource use across sea‐ice, pelagic, and benthic habitats in the early Arctic spring food web with essential amino acid carbon isotopes
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Limnology and Oceanography Vol. 68, No. 4 ( 2023-04), p. 862-877
    Details
    In: Limnology and Oceanography, Wiley, Vol. 68, No. 4 ( 2023-04), p. 862-877
    Abstract: A rapidly warming Arctic Ocean and associated sea‐ice decline is resulting in changing sea‐ice protist communities, affecting productivity of under‐ice, pelagic, and benthic fauna. Quantifying such effects is hampered by a lack of biomarkers suitable for tracing specific basal resources (primary producers and microorganisms) through food webs. We investigate the potential of δ 13 C values of essential amino acids (EAAs) (δ 13 C EAA values) to estimate the proportional use of diverse basal resources by organisms from the under‐ice ( Apherusa glacialis ), pelagic ( Calanus hyperboreus ) and benthic habitats (sponges, sea cucumber), and the cryo‐pelagic fish Boreogadus saida . Two approaches were used: baseline δ 13 C EAA values, that is, the basal resource specific δ 13 C EAA values, and δ 13 C EAA fingerprints, or mean‐centred baseline δ 13 C EAA values. Substantial use of sub‐ice algae Melosira arctica by all studied organisms suggests that its role within Arctic food webs is greater than previously recognized. In addition, δ 13 C EAA fingerprints from algae‐associated bacteria were clearly traced to the sponges, with an individually variable kelp use by sea cucumbers. Although mean‐centred δ 13 C EAA values in A. glacialis , C. hyperboreus , and B. saida tissues were aligned with microalgae resources, they were not fully represented by the filtered pelagic‐ and sea‐ice particulate organic matter constituting the spring diatom‐dominated algal community. Under‐ice and pelagic microalgae use could only be differentiated with baseline δ 13 C EAA values as similar microalgae clades occur in both habitats. We suggest that δ 13 C EAA fingerprints combined with microalgae baseline δ 13 C EAA values are an insightful tool to assess the effect of ongoing changes in Arctic basal resources on their use by organisms.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0024-3590 , 1939-5590
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/lno.v68.4
    DOI: 10.1002/lno.12315
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 412737-7
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  • 2
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    Global diversity and geography of planktonic marine fungi
    Walter de Gruyter GmbH ; 2020
    In:  Botanica Marina Vol. 63, No. 2 ( 2020-03-26), p. 121-139
    Details
    In: Botanica Marina, Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Vol. 63, No. 2 ( 2020-03-26), p. 121-139
    Abstract: Growing interest in understanding the relevance of marine fungi to food webs, biogeochemical cycling, and biological patterns necessitates establishing a context for interpreting future findings. To help establish this context, we summarize the diversity of cultured and observed marine planktonic fungi from across the world. While exploring this diversity, we discovered that only half of the known marine fungal species have a publicly available DNA locus, which we hypothesize will likely hinder accurate high-throughput sequencing classification in the future, as it does currently. Still, we reprocessed 〉 600 high-throughput datasets and analyzed 4.9 × 10 9 sequences (4.8 × 10 9 shotgun metagenomic reads and 1.0 × 10 8 amplicon sequences) and found that every fungal phylum is represented in the global marine planktonic mycobiome; however, this mycobiome is generally predominated by three phyla: the Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Chytridiomycota. We hypothesize that these three clades are the most abundant due to a combination of evolutionary histories, as well as physical processes that aid in their dispersal. We found that environments with atypical salinity regimes ( 〉 5 standard deviations from the global mean: Red Sea, Baltic Sea, sea ice) hosted higher proportions of the Chytridiomycota, relative to open oceans that are dominated by Dikarya. The Baltic Sea and Mediterranean Sea had the highest fungal richness of all areas explored. An analysis of similarity identified significant differences between oceanographic regions. There were no latitudinal gradients of marine fungal richness and diversity observed. As more high-throughput sequencing data become available, expanding the collection of reference loci and genomes will be essential to understanding the ecology of marine fungi.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1437-4323 , 0006-8055
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1515/bot-2018-0113
    Language: English
    Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1475447-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1197-6
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  • 3
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    The contribution of microbial communities in polymetallic nodules to the diversity of the deep-sea microbiome of the Peru Basin (4130–4198 m depth)
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2020
    In:  Biogeosciences Vol. 17, No. 12 ( 2020-06-25), p. 3203-3222
    Details
    In: Biogeosciences, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 17, No. 12 ( 2020-06-25), p. 3203-3222
    Abstract: Abstract. Industrial-scale mining of deep-sea polymetallic nodules will remove nodules in large areas of the sea floor. The regrowth of the nodules by metal precipitation is estimated to take millions of years. Thus, for future mining impact studies, it is crucial to understand the role of nodules in shaping microbial diversity and function in deep-sea environments. Here we investigated microbial-community composition based on 16S rRNA gene sequences retrieved from sediments and nodules of the Peru Basin (4130–4198 m water depth). The nodule field of the Peru Basin showed a typical deep-sea microbiome, with dominance of the classes Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, and Acidimicrobiia. Nodules and sediments host distinct bacterial and archaeal communities, with nodules showing lower diversity and a higher proportion of sequences related to potential metal-cycling Bacteria (i.e. Magnetospiraceae, Hyphomicrobiaceae), bacterial and archaeal nitrifiers (i.e. AqS1, unclassified Nitrosomonadaceae, Nitrosopumilus, Nitrospina, Nitrospira), and bacterial sequences found in the oceanic crust, nodules, hydrothermal deposits, and sessile fauna. Sediment and nodule communities overall shared a low proportion of operational taxonomic units (OTUs; 21 % for Bacteria and 19 % for Archaea). Our results show that nodules represent a specific ecological niche (i.e. hard substrate, high metal concentrations, and sessile fauna), with a potentially relevant role in organic-carbon degradation. Differences in nodule community composition (e.g. Mn-cycling bacteria, nitrifiers) between the Clarion–Clipperton Fracture Zone (CCZ) and the Peru Basin suggest that changes in environmental setting (e.g. sedimentation rates) also play a significant role in structuring the nodule microbiome.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1726-4189
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/bg-17-3203-2020
    DOI: 10.5194/bg-17-3203-2020-supplement
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2158181-2
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  • 4
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    Data_Sheet_1.docx
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Marine Science Vol. 8 ( 2021-8-4)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Marine Science, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 8 ( 2021-8-4)
    Abstract: Phyto- and zooplankton in Arctic and sub-Arctic seas show very strong seasonal changes in diversity and biomass. Here we document the seasonal variability in the mesozooplankton community structure in a sub-Arctic fjord in Northern Norway based on monthly sampling between November 2018 and February 2020. We combined traditional morphological zooplankton identification with DNA metabarcoding of a 313 base pair fragment of the COI gene. This approach allowed us to provide the most detailed mesozooplankton species list known for this region across an entire year, including both holo- and meroplankton. The zooplankton community was dominated by small copepods throughout the sampling period both in terms of abundance and relative sequence counts. However, meroplankton was the most diverse group, especially within the phylum polychaeta. We identified four distinct periods based on the seasonal analysis of the zooplankton community composition. The pre-spring bloom period (February–March) was characterized by low abundance and biomass of zooplankton. The spring bloom (April) was characterized by the presence of Calanus young stages, cirripedia and krill eggs. The spring-summer period (May–August) was characterized by a succession of meroplankton and a relatively high abundance of copepods of the genus Calanus spp. Finally, the autumn-winter period (September–December) was characterized by a high copepod diversity and a peak in abundance of small copepods (e.g., Oithona similis , Acartia longiremis , Pseudocalanus acuspes , Pseudocalanus elongatus , Pseudocalanus moultoni , Pseudocalanus minutus ). During this period, we also observed an influx of boreal warm-water species which were notably absent during the rest of the year. Both the traditional community analysis and metabarcoding were highly complementary and with a few exceptions showed similar trends in the seasonal changes of the zooplankton community structure.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-7745
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2021.705042
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2021.705042.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2757748-X
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  • 5
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    Data_Sheet_9.PDF
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Microbiology Vol. 12 ( 2021-2-26)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Microbiology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 12 ( 2021-2-26)
    Abstract: The Arctic is experiencing dramatic changes including increases in precipitation, glacial melt, and permafrost thaw, resulting in increasing freshwater runoff to coastal waters. During the melt season, terrestrial runoff delivers carbon- and nutrient-rich freshwater to Arctic coastal waters, with unknown consequences for the microbial communities that play a key role in determining the cycling and fate of terrestrial matter at the land-ocean interface. To determine the impacts of runoff on coastal microbial (bacteria and archaea) communities, we investigated changes in pelagic microbial community structure between the early (June) and late (August) melt season in 2018 in the Isfjorden system (Svalbard). Amplicon sequences of the 16S rRNA gene were generated from water column, river and sediment samples collected in Isfjorden along fjord transects from shallow river estuaries and glacier fronts to the outer fjord. Community shifts were investigated in relation to environmental gradients, and compared to river and marine sediment microbial communities. We identified strong temporal and spatial reorganizations in the structure and composition of microbial communities during the summer months in relation to environmental conditions. Microbial diversity patterns highlighted a reorganization from rich communities in June toward more even and less rich communities in August. In June, waters enriched in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) provided a niche for copiotrophic taxa including Sulfitobacter and Octadecabacter . In August, lower DOC concentrations and Atlantic water inflow coincided with a shift toward more cosmopolitan taxa usually associated with summer stratified periods (e.g., SAR11 Clade Ia), and prevalent oligotrophic marine clades (OM60, SAR92). Higher riverine inputs of dissolved inorganic nutrients and suspended particulate matter also contributed to spatial reorganizations of communities in August. Sentinel taxa of this late summer fjord environment included taxa from the class Verrucomicrobiae ( Roseibacillus , Luteolibacter ), potentially indicative of a higher fraction of particle-attached bacteria. This study highlights the ecological relevance of terrestrial runoff for Arctic coastal microbial communities and how its impacts on biogeochemical conditions may make these communities susceptible to climate change.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-302X
    URL: Article
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    DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.614634
    DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.614634.s001
    DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.614634.s002
    DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.614634.s003
    DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.614634.s004
    DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.614634.s005
    DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.614634.s006
    DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.614634.s007
    DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.614634.s008
    DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.614634.s009
    DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.614634.s010
    DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.614634.s011
    DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.614634.s012
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2587354-4
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  • 6
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    How glaciers can help algae bloom under sea ice
    Universite de Geneve ; 2022
    In:  TheScienceBreaker Vol. 8, No. 1 ( 2022-03-09)
    Details
    In: TheScienceBreaker, Universite de Geneve, Vol. 8, No. 1 ( 2022-03-09)
    Abstract: While invisible to the bare eye, microscopic algae are the base of marine food webs, eventually feeding large animals, such as fish and whales. These algae need sunlight and nutrients to grow. But only little light penetrates sea ice during the Arctic winter. In a high-Arctic fjord, we found a unique system where algae thrive under sea ice, fueled by meltwater from below a glacier.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2571-9262
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.25250/thescbr.brk619
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Universite de Geneve
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 7
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    Modeling silicate–nitrate–ammonium co-limitation of algal growth and the importance of bacterial remineralization based on an experimental Arctic coastal spring bloom culture study
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2021
    In:  Biogeosciences Vol. 18, No. 5 ( 2021-03-11), p. 1719-1747
    Details
    In: Biogeosciences, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 18, No. 5 ( 2021-03-11), p. 1719-1747
    Abstract: Abstract. Arctic coastal ecosystems are rapidly changing due to climate warming. This makes modeling their productivity crucially important to better understand future changes. System primary production in these systems is highest during the pronounced spring bloom, typically dominated by diatoms. Eventually the spring blooms terminate due to silicon or nitrogen limitation. Bacteria can play an important role for extending bloom duration and total CO2 fixation through ammonium regeneration. Current ecosystem models often simplify the effects of nutrient co-limitations on algal physiology and cellular ratios and simplify nutrient regeneration. These simplifications may lead to underestimations of primary production. Detailed biochemistry- and cell-based models can represent these dynamics but are difficult to tune in the environment. We performed a cultivation experiment that showed typical spring bloom dynamics, such as extended algal growth via bacterial ammonium remineralization, reduced algal growth and inhibited chlorophyll synthesis under silicate limitation, and gradually reduced nitrogen assimilation and chlorophyll synthesis under nitrogen limitation. We developed a simplified dynamic model to represent these processes. Overall, model complexity in terms of the number of parameters is comparable to the phytoplankton growth and nutrient biogeochemistry formulations in common ecosystem models used in the Arctic while improving the representation of nutrient-co-limitation-related processes. Such model enhancements that now incorporate increased nutrient inputs and higher mineralization rates in a warmer climate will improve future predictions in this vulnerable system.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1726-4189
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/bg-18-1719-2021
    DOI: 10.5194/bg-18-1719-2021-supplement
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2158181-2
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  • 8
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    Area, depth and elevation of cryoconite holes in the Arctic do not influence Tardigrada densities
    Walter de Gruyter GmbH ; 2016
    In:  Polish Polar Research Vol. 37, No. 2 ( 2016-06-1), p. 325-334
    Details
    In: Polish Polar Research, Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Vol. 37, No. 2 ( 2016-06-1), p. 325-334
    Abstract: Water bears (Tardigrada) are known as one of the most extremophile animals in the world. They inhabit environments from the deepest parts of the oceans up to the highest mountains. One of the most extreme and still poorly studied habitats which tardigrades inhabit are cryoconite holes. We analysed the relation between area, depth, elevation and tardigrades densities in cryoconite holes on four glaciers on Spitsbergen. The mean (±SD) of cryoconite area was 1287.21±2400.8 cm 2 , while the depth was on average 10.8±11.2 cm, the elevation 172.6±109.66 m a.s.l., and tardigrade density 24.9±33.0 individuals per gram of wet material (n = 38). The densities of tardigrades on Hans Glacier reached values of up to 168 ind. cm 3 , 104 ind. g −1 wet weight, and 275 ind. g −1 dry weight. The densities of tardigrades of the three glaciers in Billefjorden were up to 82 ind. cm 2 , 326 ind. g −1 wet weight and 624 ind. g −1 dry weight. Surprisingly, although the model included area, depth and elevation as independent variables, it cannot explain Tardigrada density in cryoconite holes. We propose that due to the rapid melting of the glacier surface in the Arctic, the constant flushing of cryoconite sediments, and inter-hole water-sediment mixing, the functioning of these ecosystems is disrupted. We conclude that cryoconite holes are dynamic ecosystems for microinvertebrates in the Arctic.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2081-8262
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1515/popore-2016-0009
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2261592-1
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  • 9
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    Diversity and distribution of Tardigrada in Arctic cryoconite holes
    PAGEPress Publications ; 2016
    In:  Journal of Limnology ( 2016-06-07)
    Details
    In: Journal of Limnology, PAGEPress Publications, ( 2016-06-07)
    Abstract: 〈 p 〉 Despite the fact that glaciers and ice sheets have been monitored for more than a century, knowledge on the glacial biota remains poor. Cryoconite holes are water-filled reservoirs on a glacier’s surface and one of the most extreme ecosystems for micro-invertebrates. Tardigrada, also known as water bears, are a common inhabitant of cryoconite holes. In this paper we present novel data on the morphology, diversity, distribution and role in food web of tardigrades on Arctic glaciers. From 33 sampled cryoconite holes of 6 glaciers on Spitsbergen, in 25 tardigrades were found and identified. Five taxa of Tardigrada (Eutardigrada) were found in the samples, they are: 〈 em 〉 Hypsibius dujardini 〈 /em 〉 , 〈 em 〉 Hypsibius 〈 /em 〉 sp. A, 〈 em 〉 Isohypsibius 〈 /em 〉 sp. A., 〈 em 〉 Pilatobius 〈 /em 〉 〈 em 〉 recamieri 〈 /em 〉 , and one species of Ramazzottiidae. 〈 em 〉 H. dujardini 〈 /em 〉 and 〈 em 〉 P. recamieri 〈 /em 〉 were previously known from tundra in the Svalbard archipelago. Despite the number of studies on Arctic tundra ecosystems, 〈 em 〉 Hypsibius 〈 /em 〉 sp. A, one species of Ramazzottiidae and 〈 em 〉 Isohypsibius 〈 /em 〉 sp. A are known only from cryoconite holes. Tardigrade found in this study do not falsify the hypothesis that glaciers and ice sheets are a viable biome (characteristic for biome organisms assemblages - tardigrades). Diagnosis of 〈 em 〉 Hypsibius 〈 /em 〉 sp. A, 〈 em 〉 Isohypsibius 〈 /em 〉 sp. A, and species of Ramazzottiidae with discussion on the status of taxa, is provided. To check what analytes are associated with the presence of tardigrades in High Arctic glacier chemical analyses were carried out on samples taken from the Buchan Glacier. pH values and the chemical composition of anions and cations from cryoconite hole water from the Buchan Glacier are also presented. The current study on the Spitsbergen glaciers clearly indicates that tardigrade species richness in cryoconite holes is lower than tardigrade species richness in Arctic tundra ecosystems, but consists of unique cryoconite hole species. As cryoconite tardigrades may feed on bacteria as well as algae, they are primary consumers and grazers - secondary consumers of the decomposer food chain in this extreme ecosystem.  〈 /p 〉
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1723-8633 , 1129-5767
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4081/jlimnol.2016.1453
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: PAGEPress Publications
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2034229-9
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  • 10
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    Methane-fuelled biofilms predominantly composed of methanotrophic ANME-1 in Arctic gas hydrate-related sediments
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2019
    In:  Scientific Reports Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2019-07-05)
    Details
    In: Scientific Reports, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2019-07-05)
    Abstract: Sedimentary biofilms comprising microbial communities mediating the anaerobic oxidation of methane are rare. Here, we describe two biofilm communities discovered in sediment cores recovered from Arctic cold seep sites (gas hydrate pingos) in the north-western Barents Sea, characterized by steady methane fluxes. We found macroscopically visible biofilms in pockets in the sediment matrix at the depth of the sulphate-methane-transition zone. 16S rRNA gene surveys revealed that the microbial community in one of the two biofilms comprised exclusively of putative anaerobic methanotrophic archaea of which ANME-1 was the sole archaeal taxon. The bacterial community consisted of relatives of sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) belonging to uncultured Desulfobacteraceae clustering into SEEP-SRB1 (i.e. the typical SRB associated to ANME-1), and members of the atribacterial JS1 clade. Confocal laser scanning microscopy demonstrates that this biofilm is composed of multicellular strands and patches of ANME-1 that are loosely associated with SRB cells, but not tightly connected in aggregates. Our discovery of methanotrophic biofilms in sediment pockets closely associated with methane seeps constitutes a hitherto overlooked and potentially widespread sink for methane and sulphate in marine sediments.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-2322
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46209-5
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2615211-3
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