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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Icosapent Ethyl Reduces Ischemic Events in Patients With a History of Previous Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: REDUCE-IT CABG
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2021
    In:  Circulation Vol. 144, No. 23 ( 2021-12-07), p. 1845-1855
    Details
    In: Circulation, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 144, No. 23 ( 2021-12-07), p. 1845-1855
    Abstract: Despite advances in surgery and pharmacotherapy, there remains significant residual ischemic risk after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. Methods: In REDUCE-IT (Reduction of Cardiovascular Events With Icosapent Ethyl–Intervention Trial), a multicenter, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial, statin-treated patients with controlled low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and mild to moderate hypertriglyceridemia were randomized to 4 g daily of icosapent ethyl or placebo. They experienced a 25% reduction in risk of a primary efficacy end point (composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary revascularization, or hospitalization for unstable angina) and a 26% reduction in risk of a key secondary efficacy end point (composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke) when compared with placebo. The current analysis reports on the subgroup of patients from the trial with a history of coronary artery bypass grafting. Results: Of the 8179 patients randomized in REDUCE-IT, a total of 1837 (22.5%) had a history of coronary artery bypass grafting, with 897 patients randomized to icosapent ethyl and 940 to placebo. Baseline characteristics were similar between treatment groups. Randomization to icosapent ethyl was associated with a significant reduction in the primary end point (hazard ratio [HR], 0.76 [95% CI, 0.63–0.92] ; P =0.004), in the key secondary end point (HR, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.56–0.87]; P =0.001), and in total (first plus subsequent or recurrent) ischemic events (rate ratio, 0.64 [95% CI, 0.50–0.81]; P =0.0002) compared with placebo. This yielded an absolute risk reduction of 6.2% (95% CI, 2.3%–10.2%) in first events, with a number needed to treat of 16 (95% CI, 10–44) during a median follow-up time of 4.8 years. Safety findings were similar to the overall study: beyond an increased rate of atrial fibrillation/flutter requiring hospitalization for at least 24 hours (5.0% vs 3.1%; P =0.03) and a nonsignificant increase in bleeding, occurrences of adverse events were comparable between groups. Conclusions: In REDUCE-IT patients with a history of coronary artery bypass grafting, treatment with icosapent ethyl was associated with significant reductions in first and recurrent ischemic events. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT01492361.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0009-7322 , 1524-4539
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.056290
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1466401-X
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Southern Ocean warming and increased ice shelf basal melting in the twenty-first and twenty-second centuries based on coupled ice-ocean finite-element modelling
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2013
    In:  Ocean Dynamics Vol. 63, No. 9-10 ( 2013-10), p. 1011-1026
    Details
    In: Ocean Dynamics, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 63, No. 9-10 ( 2013-10), p. 1011-1026
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1616-7341 , 1616-7228
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s10236-013-0642-0
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2063267-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 201122-0
    SSG: 14
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Six circumpolar currents—on the forcing of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current by wind and mixing
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2007
    In:  Ocean Dynamics Vol. 57, No. 1 ( 2007-1-29), p. 12-31
    Details
    In: Ocean Dynamics, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 57, No. 1 ( 2007-1-29), p. 12-31
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1616-7341 , 1616-7228
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s10236-006-0087-9
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2063267-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 201122-0
    SSG: 14
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Regime Shift on Weddell Sea Continental Shelves with Local and Remote Physical and Biogeochemical Implications is Avoidable in a 2°C Scenario
    American Meteorological Society ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 36, No. 19 ( 2023-10-01), p. 6613-6630
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 36, No. 19 ( 2023-10-01), p. 6613-6630
    Abstract: Tipping points in the Earth system describe critical thresholds beyond which a single component, part of the system, or the system as a whole changes from one stable state to another. In the present-day Southern Ocean, the Weddell Sea constitutes an important dense-water formation site, associated with efficient deep-ocean carbon and oxygen transfer and low ice-shelf basal melt rates. Here, a regime shift will occur when continental shelves are continuously flushed with warm, oxygen-poor offshore waters from intermediate depth, leading to less efficient deep-ocean carbon and oxygen transfer and higher ice-shelf basal melt rates. We use a global ocean–biogeochemistry model including ice-shelf cavities and an eddy-permitting grid in the southern Weddell Sea to address the susceptibility of this region to such a system change for four twenty-first-century emission scenarios. Assessing the projected changes in shelf–open-ocean density gradients, bottom-water properties, and on-shelf heat transport, our results indicate that the Weddell Sea undergoes a regime shift by 2100 in the highest-emission scenario, SSP5–8.5, but not yet in the lower-emission scenarios. The regime shift is imminent by 2100 in the scenarios SSP3–7.0 and SSP2–4.5, but avoidable under the lowest-emission scenario SSP1–2.6. While shelf-bottom waters freshen and acidify everywhere, bottom waters in the Filchner Trough undergo accelerated warming and deoxygenation following the system change, with implications for local ecosystems and ice-shelf basal melt. Additionally, deep-ocean carbon and oxygen transfer decline, implying that the local changes ultimately affect ocean circulation, climate, and ecosystems globally.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0894-8755 , 1520-0442
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-22-0926.1
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-22-0926.s1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2023
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021723-7
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Circumpolar Influences on the Weddell Sea: Indication of an Antarctic Circumpolar Coastal Wave
    American Meteorological Society ; 2001
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 14, No. 17 ( 2001-09), p. 3785-3792
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 14, No. 17 ( 2001-09), p. 3785-3792
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0894-8755 , 1520-0442
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014〈3785:CIOTWS〉2.0.CO;2
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2001
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021723-7
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Future Projections of Antarctic Ice Shelf Melting Based on CMIP5 Scenarios
    American Meteorological Society ; 2018
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 31, No. 13 ( 2018-07), p. 5243-5261
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 31, No. 13 ( 2018-07), p. 5243-5261
    Abstract: Basal melting of Antarctic ice shelves is expected to increase during the twenty-first century as the ocean warms, which will have consequences for ice sheet stability and global sea level rise. Here we present future projections of Antarctic ice shelf melting using the Finite Element Sea Ice/Ice-Shelf Ocean Model (FESOM) forced with atmospheric output from models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). CMIP5 models are chosen based on their agreement with historical atmospheric reanalyses over the Southern Ocean; the best-performing models are ACCESS 1.0 and the CMIP5 multimodel mean. Their output is bias-corrected for the representative concentration pathway (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios. During the twenty-first-century simulations, total ice shelf basal mass loss increases by between 41% and 129%. Every sector of Antarctica shows increased basal melting in every scenario, with the largest increases occurring in the Amundsen Sea. The main mechanism driving this melting is an increase in warm Circumpolar Deep Water on the Antarctic continental shelf. A reduction in wintertime sea ice formation simulated during the twenty-first century stratifies the water column, allowing a warm bottom layer to develop and intrude into ice shelf cavities. This effect may be overestimated in the Amundsen Sea because of a cold bias in the present-day simulation. Other consequences of weakened sea ice formation include freshening of High Salinity Shelf Water and warming of Antarctic Bottom Water. Furthermore, freshening around the Antarctic coast in our simulations causes the Antarctic Circumpolar Current to weaken and the Antarctic Coastal Current to strengthen.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0894-8755 , 1520-0442
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0854.1
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0854.s1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2018
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021723-7
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Fate of the Southern Weddell Sea Continental Shelf in a Warming Climate
    American Meteorological Society ; 2017
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 30, No. 12 ( 2017-06), p. 4337-4350
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 30, No. 12 ( 2017-06), p. 4337-4350
    Abstract: Warm water of open ocean origin on the continental shelf of the Amundsen and Bellingshausen Seas causes the highest basal melt rates reported for Antarctic ice shelves with severe consequences for the ice shelf/ice sheet dynamics. Ice shelves fringing the broad continental shelf in the Weddell and Ross Seas melt at rates orders of magnitude smaller. However, simulations using coupled ice–ocean models forced with the atmospheric output of the HadCM3 SRES-A1B scenario run (CO 2 concentration in the atmosphere reaches 700 ppmv by the year 2100 and stays at that level for an additional 100 years) show that the circulation in the southern Weddell Sea changes during the twenty-first century. Derivatives of Circumpolar Deep Water are directed southward underneath the Filchner–Ronne Ice Shelf, warming the cavity and dramatically increasing basal melting. To find out whether the open ocean will always continue to power the melting, the authors extend their simulations, applying twentieth-century atmospheric forcing, both alone and together with prescribed basal mass flux at the end of (or during) the SRES-A1B scenario run. The results identify a tipping point in the southern Weddell Sea: once warm water flushes the ice shelf cavity a positive meltwater feedback enhances the shelf circulation and the onshore transport of open ocean heat. The process is irreversible with a recurrence to twentieth-century atmospheric forcing and can only be halted through prescribing a return to twentieth-century basal melt rates. This finding might have strong implications for the stability of the Antarctic ice sheet.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0894-8755 , 1520-0442
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0420.1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 246750-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021723-7
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A numerical model of the Weddell Sea: Large‐scale circulation and water mass distribution
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1999
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans Vol. 104, No. C10 ( 1999-10-15), p. 23375-23391
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 104, No. C10 ( 1999-10-15), p. 23375-23391
    Abstract: A circumpolar model for regional studies of the wind‐driven and thermohaline circulation of the Southern Ocean including the major sub‐ice shelf areas is described. A first series of numerical experiments focusing on the Weddell Sea reveals a pronounced and persistent double‐cell structure of the Weddell Gyre with a maximum transport of ∼60 Sv, in agreement with observations. Experiments with artificial passive tracers point to the shallow shelf areas off the Filchner‐Ronne Ice Shelf as main locations for bottom water production. The trajectories of Lagrangian floats are used to determine the pathways and timescales of water mass spreading in the model. In addition, the effect of sub‐ice shelf forcing on the water mass characteristics is evaluated. It is shown that water modified in the sub‐ice cavities contributes significantly to the deep and bottom water formation along the continental slope, and affects the water mass characteristics throughout the Weddell Sea, by increasing the stability of the near‐surface stratification and preventing deep convection.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/1999JC900194
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1999
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2033040-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094104-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2130824-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016813-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016810-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403298-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016800-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161666-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161667-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2969341-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161665-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094268-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 710256-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016804-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094181-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094219-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094167-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2220777-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094197-0
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A simulation of small to giant A ntarctic iceberg evolution: Differential impact on climatology estimates
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2017
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans Vol. 122, No. 4 ( 2017-04), p. 3170-3190
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 122, No. 4 ( 2017-04), p. 3170-3190
    Abstract: Initialization with observed iceberg positions and a realistic size distribution Drift and melt of small (≤2.2 km length) to giant icebergs (≳10 km) is simulated Including larger icebergs leads to a northward shift of the freshwater input with reduced seasonality
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2169-9275 , 2169-9291
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/jgrc.v122.4
    DOI: 10.1002/2016JC012513
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2017
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161667-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094219-6
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evaluation of simulated sea-ice concentrations from sea-ice/ocean models using satellite data and polynya classification methods
    Norwegian Polar Institute ; 2011
    In:  Polar Research Vol. 30, No. 1 ( 2011-01), p. 7124-
    Details
    In: Polar Research, Norwegian Polar Institute, Vol. 30, No. 1 ( 2011-01), p. 7124-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1751-8369
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3402/polar.v30i0.7124
    Language: English
    Publisher: Norwegian Polar Institute
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2138534-8
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