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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Temporal biomass dynamics of an Arctic plankton bloom in response to increasing levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2013
    In:  Biogeosciences Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2013-01-11), p. 161-180
    Details
    In: Biogeosciences, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2013-01-11), p. 161-180
    Abstract: Abstract. Ocean acidification and carbonation, driven by anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), have been shown to affect a variety of marine organisms and are likely to change ecosystem functioning. High latitudes, especially the Arctic, will be the first to encounter profound changes in carbonate chemistry speciation at a large scale, namely the under-saturation of surface waters with respect to aragonite, a calcium carbonate polymorph produced by several organisms in this region. During a CO2 perturbation study in Kongsfjorden on the west coast of Spitsbergen (Norway), in the framework of the EU-funded project EPOCA, the temporal dynamics of a plankton bloom was followed in nine mesocosms, manipulated for CO2 levels ranging initially from about 185 to 1420 μatm. Dissolved inorganic nutrients were added halfway through the experiment. Autotrophic biomass, as identified by chlorophyll a standing stocks (Chl a), peaked three times in all mesocosms. However, while absolute Chl a concentrations were similar in all mesocosms during the first phase of the experiment, higher autotrophic biomass was measured as high in comparison to low CO2 during the second phase, right after dissolved inorganic nutrient addition. This trend then reversed in the third phase. There were several statistically significant CO2 effects on a variety of parameters measured in certain phases, such as nutrient utilization, standing stocks of particulate organic matter, and phytoplankton species composition. Interestingly, CO2 effects developed slowly but steadily, becoming more and more statistically significant with time. The observed CO2-related shifts in nutrient flow into different phytoplankton groups (mainly dinoflagellates, prasinophytes and haptophytes) could have consequences for future organic matter flow to higher trophic levels and export production, with consequences for ecosystem productivity and atmospheric CO2.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1726-4189
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/bg-10-161-2013
    DOI: 10.5194/bg-10-161-2013-supplement
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2158181-2
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Marine ecosystem community carbon and nutrient uptake stoichiometry under varying ocean acidification during the PeECE III experiment
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2008
    In:  Biogeosciences Vol. 5, No. 6 ( 2008-11-10), p. 1517-1527
    Details
    In: Biogeosciences, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 5, No. 6 ( 2008-11-10), p. 1517-1527
    Abstract: Abstract. Changes to seawater inorganic carbon and nutrient concentrations in response to the deliberate CO2 perturbation of natural plankton assemblages were studied during the 2005 Pelagic Ecosystem CO2 Enrichment (PeECE III) experiment. Inverse analysis of the temporal inorganic carbon dioxide system and nutrient variations was used to determine the net community stoichiometric uptake characteristics of a natural pelagic ecosystem perturbed over a range of pCO2 scenarios (350, 700 and 1050 μatm). Nutrient uptake showed no sensitivity to CO2 treatment. There was enhanced carbon production relative to nutrient consumption in the higher CO2 treatments which was positively correlated with the initial CO2 concentration. There was no significant calcification response to changing CO2 in Emiliania huxleyi by the peak of the bloom and all treatments exhibited low particulate inorganic carbon production (~15 μmol kg−1). With insignificant air-sea CO2 exchange across the treatments, the enhanced carbon uptake was due to increase organic carbon production. The inferred cumulative C:N:P stoichiometry of organic production increased with CO2 treatment from 1:6.3:121 to 1:7.1:144 to 1:8.25:168 at the height of the bloom. This study discusses how ocean acidification may incur modification to the stoichiometry of pelagic production and have consequences for ocean biogeochemical cycling.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1726-4189
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/bg-5-1517-2008
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2158181-2
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Enhanced biological carbon consumption in a high CO2 ocean
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2007
    In:  Nature Vol. 450, No. 7169 ( 2007-11), p. 545-548
    Details
    In: Nature, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 450, No. 7169 ( 2007-11), p. 545-548
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0028-0836 , 1476-4687
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/nature06267
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 120714-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1413423-8
    SSG: 11
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Implications of elevated CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 on pelagic carbon fluxes in an Arctic mesocosm study – an elemental mass balance approach
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2013
    In:  Biogeosciences Vol. 10, No. 5 ( 2013-05-08), p. 3109-3125
    Details
    In: Biogeosciences, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 10, No. 5 ( 2013-05-08), p. 3109-3125
    Abstract: Abstract. Recent studies on the impacts of ocean acidification on pelagic communities have identified changes in carbon to nutrient dynamics with related shifts in elemental stoichiometry. In principle, mesocosm experiments provide the opportunity of determining temporal dynamics of all relevant carbon and nutrient pools and, thus, calculating elemental budgets. In practice, attempts to budget mesocosm enclosures are often hampered by uncertainties in some of the measured pools and fluxes, in particular due to uncertainties in constraining air–sea gas exchange, particle sinking, and wall growth. In an Arctic mesocosm study on ocean acidification applying KOSMOS (Kiel Off-Shore Mesocosms for future Ocean Simulation), all relevant element pools and fluxes of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus were measured, using an improved experimental design intended to narrow down the mentioned uncertainties. Water-column concentrations of particulate and dissolved organic and inorganic matter were determined daily. New approaches for quantitative estimates of material sinking to the bottom of the mesocosms and gas exchange in 48 h temporal resolution as well as estimates of wall growth were developed to close the gaps in element budgets. However, losses elements from the budgets into a sum of insufficiently determined pools were detected, and are principally unavoidable in mesocosm investigation. The comparison of variability patterns of all single measured datasets revealed analytic precision to be the main issue in determination of budgets. Uncertainties in dissolved organic carbon (DOC), nitrogen (DON) and particulate organic phosphorus (POP) were much higher than the summed error in determination of the same elements in all other pools. With estimates provided for all other major elemental pools, mass balance calculations could be used to infer the temporal development of DOC, DON and POP pools. Future elevated pCO2 was found to enhance net autotrophic community carbon uptake in two of the three experimental phases but did not significantly affect particle elemental composition. Enhanced carbon consumption appears to result in accumulation of dissolved organic carbon under nutrient-recycling summer conditions. This carbon over-consumption effect becomes evident from mass balance calculations, but was too small to be resolved by direct measurements of dissolved organic matter. Faster nutrient uptake by comparatively small algae at high CO2 after nutrient addition resulted in reduced production rates under future ocean CO2 conditions at the end of the experiment. This CO2 mediated shift towards smaller phytoplankton and enhanced cycling of dissolved matter restricted the development of larger phytoplankton, thus pushing the system towards a retention type food chain with overall negative effects on export potential.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1726-4189
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/bg-10-3109-2013
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2158181-2
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Pelagic community production and carbon-nutrient stoichiometry under variable ocean acidification in an Arctic fjord
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2013
    In:  Biogeosciences Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2013-07-17), p. 4847-4859
    Details
    In: Biogeosciences, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2013-07-17), p. 4847-4859
    Abstract: Abstract. Net community production (NCP) and carbon to nutrient uptake ratios were studied during a large-scale mesocosm experiment on ocean acidification in Kongsfjorden, western Svalbard, during June–July 2010. Nutrient depleted fjord water with natural plankton assemblages, enclosed in nine mesocosms of ~ 50 m3 in volume, was exposed to pCO2 levels ranging initially from 185 to 1420 μatm. NCP estimations are the cumulative change in dissolved inorganic carbon concentrations after accounting for gas exchange and total alkalinity variations. Stoichiometric coupling between inorganic carbon and nutrient net uptake is shown as a ratio of NCP to a cumulative change in inorganic nutrients. Phytoplankton growth was stimulated by nutrient addition half way through the experiment and three distinct peaks in chlorophyll a concentration were observed during the experiment. Accordingly, the experiment was divided in three phases. Cumulative NCP was similar in all mesocosms over the duration of the experiment. However, in phases I and II, NCP was higher and in phase III lower at elevated pCO2. Due to relatively low inorganic nutrient concentration in phase I, C : N and C : P uptake ratios were calculated only for the period after nutrient addition (phase II and phase III). For the total post-nutrient period (phase II + phase III) ratios were close to Redfield, however they were lower in phase II and higher in phase III. Variability of NCP, C : N and C : P uptake ratios in different phases reflects the effect of increasing CO2 on phytoplankton community composition and succession. The phytoplankton community was composed predominantly of haptophytes in phase I, prasinophytes, dinoflagellates, and cryptophytes in phase II, and haptophytes, prasinophytes, dinoflagellates and chlorophytes in phase III (Schulz et al., 2013). Increasing ambient inorganic carbon concentrations have also been shown to promote primary production and carbon assimilation. For this study, it is clear that the pelagic ecosystem response to increasing CO2 is more complex than that represented in previous work, e.g. Bellerby et al. (2008). Carbon and nutrient uptake representation in models should, where possible, be more focused on individual plankton functional types as applying a single stoichiometry to a biogeochemical model with regard to the effect of increasing pCO2 may not always be optimal. The phase variability in NCP and stoichiometry may be better understood if CO2 sensitivities of the plankton's functional type biogeochemical uptake kinetics and trophic interactions are better constrained.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1726-4189
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/bg-10-4847-2013
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2158181-2
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Heterogeneity of impacts of high CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 on the North Western European Shelf
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2014
    In:  Biogeosciences Vol. 11, No. 3 ( 2014-02-03), p. 601-612
    Details
    In: Biogeosciences, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 11, No. 3 ( 2014-02-03), p. 601-612
    Abstract: Abstract. The increase in atmospheric CO2 is a dual threat to the marine environment: from one side it drives climate change, leading to modifications in water temperature, circulation patterns and stratification intensity; on the other side it causes a decrease in marine pH (ocean acidification, or OA) due to the increase in dissolved CO2. Assessing the combined impact of climate change and OA on marine ecosystems is a challenging task. The response of the ecosystem to a single driver can be highly variable and remains still uncertain; additionally the interaction between these can be either synergistic or antagonistic. In this work we use the coupled oceanographic–ecosystem model POLCOMS-ERSEM driven by climate forcing to study the interaction between climate change and OA. We focus in particular on carbonate chemistry, primary and secondary production. The model has been run in three different configurations in order to assess separately the impacts of climate change on net primary production and of OA on the carbonate chemistry, which have been strongly supported by scientific literature, from the impact of biological feedbacks of OA on the ecosystem, whose uncertainty still has to be well constrained. The global mean of the projected decrease of pH at the end of the century is about 0.27 pH units, but the model shows significant interaction among the drivers and high variability in the temporal and spatial response. As a result of this high variability, critical tipping point can be locally and/or temporally reached: e.g. undersaturation with respect to aragonite is projected to occur in the deeper part of the central North Sea during summer. Impacts of climate change and of OA on primary and secondary production may have similar magnitude, compensating in some area and exacerbating in others.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1726-4189
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/bg-11-601-2014
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2158181-2
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Annual and seasonal fCO2 and air–sea CO2 fluxes in the Barents Sea
    Elsevier BV ; 2013
    In:  Journal of Marine Systems Vol. 113-114 ( 2013-3), p. 62-74
    Details
    In: Journal of Marine Systems, Elsevier BV, Vol. 113-114 ( 2013-3), p. 62-74
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0924-7963
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2012.12.011
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483106-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1041191-4
    SSG: 14
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Magnitude and origin of the anthropogenic CO 2 increase and 13 C Suess effect in the Nordic seas since 1981 : NORDIC SEAS ANTHROPOGENIC CO 2 AND 13 C
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2006
    In:  Global Biogeochemical Cycles Vol. 20, No. 3 ( 2006-09), p. n/a-n/a
    Details
    In: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 20, No. 3 ( 2006-09), p. n/a-n/a
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0886-6236
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2005GB002669
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021601-4
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 13
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Optimal evaluation of the surface ocean CO 2 system in the northern North Atlantic using data from voluntary observing ships : Surface ocean CO 2 system in North Atlantic
    Wiley ; 2009
    In:  Limnology and Oceanography: Methods Vol. 7, No. 1 ( 2009-01), p. 109-118
    Details
    In: Limnology and Oceanography: Methods, Wiley, Vol. 7, No. 1 ( 2009-01), p. 109-118
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1541-5856
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4319/lom.2009.7.109
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2161715-6
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