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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    High-Resolution Estimation of Monthly Air Temperature from Joint Modeling of In Situ Measurements and Gridded Temperature Data
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Climate Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2022-03-21), p. 47-
    Details
    In: Climate, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2022-03-21), p. 47-
    Abstract: Surface air temperature is an important variable in quantifying extreme heat, but high-resolution temporal and spatial measurement is limited by sparse climate-data stations. As a result, hyperlocal models of extreme heat involve intensive physical data collection efforts or analyze satellite-derived land-surface temperature instead. We developed a geostatistical model that integrates in situ climate-quality temperature records, gridded temperature data, land-surface temperature estimates, and spatially consistent covariates to predict monthly averaged daily maximum surface-air temperatures at spatial resolutions up to 30 m. We trained and validated the model using data from North Carolina. The fitted model showed strong predictive performance with a mean absolute error of 1.61 ∘F across all summer months and a correlation coefficient of 0.75 against an independent hyperlocal temperature model for the city of Durham. We show that the proposed model framework is highly scalable and capable of producing realistic temperature fields across a variety of physiographic settings, even in areas where no climate-quality data stations are available.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2225-1154
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cli10030047
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720343-8
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Assessing Inequitable Urban Heat Islands and Air Pollution Disparities with Low-Cost Sensors in Richmond, Virginia
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 12, No. 23 ( 2020-12-03), p. 10089-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 23 ( 2020-12-03), p. 10089-
    Abstract: Air pollution and the urban heat island effect are consistently linked to numerous respiratory and heat-related illnesses. Additionally, these stressors disproportionately impact low-income and historically marginalized communities due to their proximity to emissions sources, lack of access to green space, and exposure to other adverse environmental conditions. Here, we use relatively low-cost stationary sensors to analyze PM2.5 and temperature data throughout the city of Richmond, Virginia, on the ten hottest days of 2019. For both hourly means within the ten hottest days of 2019 and daily means for the entire record for the year, the temperature was found to exhibit a positive correlation with PM2.5. Analysis of hourly means on the ten hottest days yielded a diurnal pattern in which PM2.5 levels peaked in the early morning and reached their minima in the mid-afternoon. Spatially, sites exhibiting higher temperatures consistently had higher PM2.5 readings, with vulnerable communities in the east end and more intensely developed parts of the city experiencing significantly higher temperatures and PM2.5 concentrations than the suburban neighborhoods in the west end. These findings suggest an uneven distribution of air pollution in Richmond during extreme heat events that are similar in pattern but less pronounced than the temperature differences during these events, although further investigation is required to verify the extent of this relationship. As other studies have found both of these environmental stressors to correlate with the distribution of green space and other land-use factors in cities, innovative and sustainable planning decisions are crucial to the mitigation of these issues of inequity going forward.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su122310089
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    47: A DIVERTICULAR DISEASE PREDICTION MODEL USING A POLYGENIC RISK SCORE
    Elsevier BV ; 2022
    In:  Gastroenterology Vol. 162, No. 7 ( 2022-05), p. S-1302-S-1303
    Details
    In: Gastroenterology, Elsevier BV, Vol. 162, No. 7 ( 2022-05), p. S-1302-S-1303
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0016-5085
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/S0016-5085(22)63806-X
    RVK:
    XA 44500
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Histone Deacetylase 3 Antagonizes Aspirin-Stimulated Endothelial Nitric Oxide Production by Reversing Aspirin-Induced Lysine Acetylation of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2010
    In:  Circulation Research Vol. 107, No. 7 ( 2010-10), p. 877-887
    Details
    In: Circulation Research, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 107, No. 7 ( 2010-10), p. 877-887
    Abstract: Low-dose acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) is widely used in the treatment and prevention of vascular atherothrombosis. Cardiovascular doses of aspirin also reduce systemic blood pressure and improve endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in patients with atherosclerosis or risk factors for atherosclerosis. Aspirin can acetylate proteins, other than its pharmacological target cyclooxygenase, at lysine residues. The role of lysine acetylation in mediating the effects of low-dose aspirin on the endothelium is not known. Objective: To determine the role of lysine acetylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in the regulation of endothelial NO production by low-dose aspirin and to examine whether the lysine deacetylase histone deacetylase (HDAC)3 antagonizes the effect of low-dose aspirin on endothelial NO production by reversing acetylation of functionally critical eNOS lysine residues. Methods and Results: Low concentrations of aspirin induce lysine acetylation of eNOS, stimulating eNOS enzymatic activity and endothelial NO production in a cyclooxygenase-1–independent fashion. Low-dose aspirin in vivo also increases bioavailable vascular NO in an eNOS-dependent and cyclooxygenase-1–independent manner. Low-dose aspirin promotes the binding of eNOS to calmodulin. Lysine 609 in the calmodulin autoinhibitory domain of bovine eNOS mediates aspirin-stimulated binding of eNOS to calmodulin and eNOS-derived NO production. HDAC3 inhibits aspirin-stimulated (1) lysine acetylation of eNOS, (2) eNOS enzymatic activity, (3) eNOS-derived NO, and (4) binding of eNOS to calmodulin. Conversely, downregulation of HDAC3 promotes lysine acetylation of eNOS and endothelial NO generation. Conclusions: Lysine acetylation of eNOS is a posttranslational protein modification supporting low-dose aspirin-induced vasoprotection. HDAC3, by deacetylating aspirin-acetylated eNOS, antagonizes aspirin-stimulated endothelial production of NO.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0009-7330 , 1524-4571
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.110.222968
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1467838-X
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Effects of Historical Housing Policies on Resident Exposure to Intra-Urban Heat: A Study of 108 US Urban Areas
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Climate Vol. 8, No. 1 ( 2020-01-13), p. 12-
    Details
    In: Climate, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 1 ( 2020-01-13), p. 12-
    Abstract: The increasing intensity, duration, and frequency of heat waves due to human-caused climate change puts historically underserved populations in a heightened state of precarity, as studies observe that vulnerable communities—especially those within urban areas in the United States—are disproportionately exposed to extreme heat. Lacking, however, are insights into fundamental questions about the role of historical housing policies in cauterizing current exposure to climate inequities like intra-urban heat. Here, we explore the relationship between “redlining”, or the historical practice of refusing home loans or insurance to whole neighborhoods based on a racially motivated perception of safety for investment, with present-day summertime intra-urban land surface temperature anomalies. Through a spatial analysis of 108 urban areas in the United States, we ask two questions: (1) how do historically redlined neighborhoods relate to current patterns of intra-urban heat? and (2) do these patterns vary by US Census Bureau region? Our results reveal that 94% of studied areas display consistent city-scale patterns of elevated land surface temperatures in formerly redlined areas relative to their non-redlined neighbors by as much as 7 °C. Regionally, Southeast and Western cities display the greatest differences while Midwest cities display the least. Nationally, land surface temperatures in redlined areas are approximately 2.6 °C warmer than in non-redlined areas. While these trends are partly attributable to the relative preponderance of impervious land cover to tree canopy in these areas, which we also examine, other factors may also be driving these differences. This study reveals that historical housing policies may, in fact, be directly responsible for disproportionate exposure to current heat events.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2225-1154
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cli8010012
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720343-8
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Regional and global sea-surface temperatures during the last interglaciation
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2017
    In:  Science Vol. 355, No. 6322 ( 2017-01-20), p. 276-279
    Details
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 355, No. 6322 ( 2017-01-20), p. 276-279
    Abstract: The last interglaciation (LIG, 129 to 116 thousand years ago) was the most recent time in Earth’s history when global mean sea level was substantially higher than it is at present. However, reconstructions of LIG global temperature remain uncertain, with estimates ranging from no significant difference to nearly 2°C warmer than present-day temperatures. Here we use a network of sea-surface temperature (SST) records to reconstruct spatiotemporal variability in regional and global SSTs during the LIG. Our results indicate that peak LIG global mean annual SSTs were 0.5 ± 0.3°C warmer than the climatological mean from 1870 to 1889 and indistinguishable from the 1995 to 2014 mean. LIG warming in the extratropical latitudes occurred in response to boreal insolation and the bipolar seesaw, whereas tropical SSTs were slightly cooler than the 1870 to 1889 mean in response to reduced mean annual insolation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/science.aai8464
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 128410-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2066996-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2060783-0
    SSG: 11
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    Online Resource
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Learn, Prepare, Act: “Throwing Shade” on Climate Change
    Informa UK Limited ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Museum Education Vol. 45, No. 1 ( 2020-01-02), p. 28-41
    Details
    In: Journal of Museum Education, Informa UK Limited, Vol. 45, No. 1 ( 2020-01-02), p. 28-41
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1059-8650 , 2051-6169
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1080/10598650.2020.1711496
    Language: English
    Publisher: Informa UK Limited
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2619073-4
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Correction to “Linking the 8.2 ka event and its freshwater forcing in the Labrador Sea”
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2013
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters Vol. 40, No. 5 ( 2013-03-16), p. 971-971
    Details
    In: Geophysical Research Letters, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 40, No. 5 ( 2013-03-16), p. 971-971
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0094-8276
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/grl.50111
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021599-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 7403-2
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Early Serial Echocardiographic and Ultrasonographic Findings in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19
    Elsevier BV ; 2023
    In:  CHEST Critical Care Vol. 1, No. 1 ( 2023-06), p. 100002-
    Details
    In: CHEST Critical Care, Elsevier BV, Vol. 1, No. 1 ( 2023-06), p. 100002-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2949-7884
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.chstcc.2023.100002
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Thermal Inequity in Richmond, VA: The Effect of an Unjust Evolution of the Urban Landscape on Urban Heat Islands
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2021-02-01), p. 1511-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2021-02-01), p. 1511-
    Abstract: The urban heat island (UHI) effect is caused by intensive development practices in cities and the diminished presence of green space that results. The evolution of these phenomena has occurred over many decades. In many cities, historic zoning and redlining practices barred Black and minority groups from moving into predominately white areas and obtaining financial resources, a practice that still affects cities today, and has forced these already disadvantaged groups to live in some of the hottest areas. In this study, we used a new dataset on the spatial distribution of temperature during a heat wave in Richmond, Virginia to investigate potential associations between extreme heat and current and historical demographic, socioeconomic, and land use factors. We assessed these data at the census block level to determine if blocks with large differences in temperature also had significant variation in these covariates. The amount of canopy cover, percent impervious surface, and poverty level were all shown to be strong correlates of UHI when analyzed in conjunction with afternoon temperatures. We also found strong associations of historical policies and planning decisions with temperature using data from the University of Richmond’s Digital Scholarship Lab’s “Mapping Inequality” project. Finally, the Church Hill area of the city provided an interesting case study due to recent data suggesting the area’s gentrification. Differences in demographics, socioeconomic factors, and UHI were observed between north and (more gentrified) south Church Hill. Both in Church Hill and in Richmond overall, our research found that areas occupied by people of low socioeconomic status or minority groups disproportionately experienced extreme heat and corresponding impacts on health and quality of life.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su13031511
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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