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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ambiguous Role of Interleukin-12 in Yersinia enterocolitica Infection in Susceptible and Resistant Mouse Strains
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1998
    In:  Infection and Immunity Vol. 66, No. 5 ( 1998-05), p. 2213-2220
    Details
    In: Infection and Immunity, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 66, No. 5 ( 1998-05), p. 2213-2220
    Abstract: Endogenous interleukin-12 (IL-12) mediates protection against Yersinia enterocolitica in C57BL/6 mice by triggering gamma interferon (IFN-γ) production in NK and CD4 + T cells. Administration of exogenous IL-12 confers protection against yersiniae in Yersinia -susceptible BALB/c mice but exacerbates yersiniosis in resistant C57BL/6 mice. Therefore, we wanted to dissect the different mechanisms exerted by IL-12 during Yersinia infections by using different models of Yersinia -resistant and -susceptible mice, including resistant C57BL/6 mice, susceptible BALB/c mice, intermediate-susceptible wild-type 129/Sv mice, 129/Sv IFN-γ-receptor-deficient (IFN-γR −/− ) mice and C57BL/6 tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor p55 chain-deficient (TNFR p55 −/− ) mice. IFN-γR −/− mice turned out to be highly susceptible to infection by Y. enterocolitica compared with IFN-γR +/+ mice. Administration of IL-12 was protective in IFN-γR +/+ mice but not in IFN-γR −/− mice, suggesting that IFN-γR-induced mechanisms are essential for IL-12-induced resistance against yersiniae. BALB/c mice could be rendered Yersinia resistant by administration of anti-CD4 antibodies or by administration of IL-12. In contrast, C57BL/6 mice could be rendered more resistant by administration of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β). Furthermore, IL-12-triggered toxic effects in C57BL/6 mice were abrogated by coadministration of TGF-β. While administration of IL-12 alone increased TNF-α levels, administration of TGF-β or TGF-β plus IL-12 decreased both TNF-α and IFN-γ levels in Yersinia -infected C57BL/6 mice. Moreover, IL-12 did not induce toxicity in Yersinia -infected TNFR p55 −/− mice, suggesting that TNF-α accounts for IL-12-induced toxicity. Taken together, IL-12 may induce different effector mechanisms in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice resulting either in protection or exacerbation. These results are important for understanding the critical balance of proinflammatory and regulatory cytokines in bacterial infections which is decisive for beneficial effects of cytokine therapy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0019-9567 , 1098-5522
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/IAI.66.5.2213-2220.1998
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1998
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483247-1
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Toothbrushing Education via a Smart Software Visualization System
    Wiley ; 2013
    In:  Journal of Periodontology Vol. 84, No. 2 ( 2013-02), p. 186-195
    Details
    In: Journal of Periodontology, Wiley, Vol. 84, No. 2 ( 2013-02), p. 186-195
    Abstract: Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of a recently developed smart digital toothbrush monitoring and training system (DTS) in terms of correct brushing motion and grip axis orientation in an at‐home environment. Methods: Twenty‐one participants (11 test individuals [DTSG] and 10 control individuals [COG] ) received instructions on the modified Bass technique (MBT) after their toothbrushing performance was monitored and they received professional tooth cleaning (T0). After 36 hours (T1), without mechanical oral hygiene measures, plaque and gingival indices were recorded, and the brushing technique was reviewed. After randomization, participants individually performed oral hygiene for 6 weeks (T2) with the provided oral hygiene kits. The DTSG group additionally used DTS. During the following 8 weeks (T3), participants used their original brushing devices without any additional interference. Investigators at each visit were masked regarding group identity. Data were statistically evaluated using Mann‐Whitney U , Friedman, Wilcoxon, and paired tests and Pearson correlation. Results: At T0, 27.27% of DTSG participants used the MBT correctly (COG, 50%), increasing to 54.55% (COG, 60%) after professional instruction (T1) and further to 90.91% at T2 (COG, 60%) ( P 〈 0.001). Plaque scores were reduced in DTSG ( P 〈 0.05). At T3, 80% of the DTSG (COG, 40%) totally adopted the MBT ( P 〈 0.05). The plaque scores on buccal surfaces of the DTSG showed an additional slight improvement between T2 and T3, in contrast to a decline on oral surfaces ( P 〈 0.001). At T2 and T3, the DTSG brushed 〉 120 seconds (COG, 90% and 50%) ( P 〈 0.05). Conclusion: Apparently, the tested DTS effectively improves the brushing technique and leads to a prolonged learning effect, including improved oral hygiene.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-3492 , 1943-3670
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1902/jop.2012.110675
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2040047-0
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    IL-18 (IFN-γ-Inducing Factor) Regulates Early Cytokine Production in, and Promotes Resolution of, Bacterial Infection in Mice
    The American Association of Immunologists ; 1998
    In:  The Journal of Immunology Vol. 160, No. 1 ( 1998-01-01), p. 299-307
    Details
    In: The Journal of Immunology, The American Association of Immunologists, Vol. 160, No. 1 ( 1998-01-01), p. 299-307
    Abstract: IL-12-induced IFN-γ production is essential for clearance of Yersinia enterocolitica infection. Similar to IL-12, the recently described cytokine IL-18 (IFN-γ-inducing factor) is produced by macrophages and induces IFN-γ production in spleen cells. Therefore, we have investigated the role of IL-18 in Yersinia infection of mice. Heat-killed yersinia-triggered IL-18-promoted IFN-γ production of splenocytes was predominantly dependent on endogenous IL-12 production, whereas IL-12-promoted IFN-γ production was not IL-18 dependent. IL-18-induced IFN-γ production was to a higher degree dependent on IFN-γR-mediated mechanisms and in synergism with IL-2 resulted in at least fivefold higher IFN-γ levels as compared with the combination of IL-12 plus IL-2. Analysis of the effect of IL-18 on IL-12 production of LPS-stimulated peritoneal macrophages revealed that IL-18 decreased LPS-induced IL-12 production, indicating that IL-18 might be involved in negative regulation of IL-12 production. In vivo studies revealed that Yersinia-resistant C57BL/6 mice expressed fourfold higher IL-18 mRNA levels than did susceptible BALB/c mice. Administration of anti-IL-18 Abs caused a 100- to 1000-fold increase in bacterial counts in the spleen of infected mice but did not change IFN-γ production levels. Taken together, our data demonstrate that IL-18 is involved in regulation of cytokine production during the early phase of bacterial infections as well as in clearance of Yersinia infection.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1767 , 1550-6606
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.160.1.299
    RVK:
    XA 54100
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: The American Association of Immunologists
    Publication Date: 1998
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1475085-5
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