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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    ENSO as an Integrating Concept in Earth Science
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2006
    In:  Science Vol. 314, No. 5806 ( 2006-12-15), p. 1740-1745
    Details
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 314, No. 5806 ( 2006-12-15), p. 1740-1745
    Abstract: The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle of alternating warm El Niño and cold La Niña events is the dominant year-to-year climate signal on Earth. ENSO originates in the tropical Pacific through interactions between the ocean and the atmosphere, but its environmental and socioeconomic impacts are felt worldwide. Spurred on by the powerful 1997–1998 El Niño, efforts to understand the causes and consequences of ENSO have greatly expanded in the past few years. These efforts reveal the breadth of ENSO's influence on the Earth system and the potential to exploit its predictability for societal benefit. However, many intertwined issues regarding ENSO dynamics, impacts, forecasting, and applications remain unresolved. Research to address these issues will not only lead to progress across a broad range of scientific disciplines but also provide an opportunity to educate the public and policy makers about the importance of climate variability and change in the modern world.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/science.1132588
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2006
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Controls on tropical Pacific Ocean productivity revealed through nutrient stress diagnostics
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2006
    In:  Nature Vol. 442, No. 7106 ( 2006-8), p. 1025-1028
    Details
    In: Nature, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 442, No. 7106 ( 2006-8), p. 1025-1028
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0028-0836 , 1476-4687
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/nature05083
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2006
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  • 3
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    Anatomy and Decadal Evolution of the Pacific Subtropical–Tropical Cells (STCs)*
    American Meteorological Society ; 2005
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 18, No. 18 ( 2005-09-15), p. 3739-3758
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 18, No. 18 ( 2005-09-15), p. 3739-3758
    Abstract: The output from an ocean general circulation model driven by observed surface forcing (1958–97) is used to examine the evolution and relative timing of the different branches of the Pacific Subtropical–Tropical Cells (STCs) at both interannual and decadal time scales, with emphasis on the 1976–77 climate shift. The STCs consist of equatorward pycnocline transports in the ocean interior and in the western boundary current, equatorial upwelling, and poleward flow in the surface Ekman layer. The interior pycnocline transports exhibit a decreasing trend after the mid-1970s, in agreement with observational transport estimates, and are largely anticorrelated with both the Ekman transports and the boundary current transports at the same latitudes. The boundary current changes tend to compensate for the interior changes at both interannual and decadal time scales. The meridional transport convergence across 9°S and 9°N as well as the equatorial upwelling are strongly correlated with the changes in sea surface temperature (SST) in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific. However, meridional transport variations do not occur simultaneously at each longitude, so that to understand the phase relationship between transport and SST variations it is important to consider the baroclinic ocean adjustment through westward-propagating Rossby waves. The anticorrelation between boundary current changes and interior transport changes can also be understood in terms of the baroclinic adjustment process. In this simulation, the pycnocline transport variations appear to be primarily confined within the Tropics, with maxima around 10°S and 13°N, and related to the local wind forcing; a somewhat different perspective from previous studies that have emphasized the role of wind variations in the subtropics.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1520-0442 , 0894-8755
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI3496.1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2005
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Time and space scales for sea surface salinity in the tropical oceans
    Elsevier BV ; 2005
    In:  Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers Vol. 52, No. 5 ( 2005-5), p. 787-813
    Details
    In: Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, Elsevier BV, Vol. 52, No. 5 ( 2005-5), p. 787-813
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0967-0637
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr.2004.11.012
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2005
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  • 5
    Online Resource
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    Wind Stress Variations and Interannual Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific
    American Meteorological Society ; 2006
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 19, No. 2 ( 2006-01-15), p. 226-241
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 19, No. 2 ( 2006-01-15), p. 226-241
    Abstract: Vertical advection of temperature is the primary mechanism by which El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) time-scale sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies are generated in the eastern equatorial Pacific. Variations in vertical advection are mediated primarily by remote wind-forced thermocline displacements, which control the temperature of water upwelled to the surface. However, during some ENSO events, large wind stress variations occur in the eastern Pacific that in principle should affect local upwelling rates, the depth of the thermocline, and SST. In this study, the impact of these wind stress variations on the eastern equatorial Pacific is addressed using multiple linear regression analysis and a linear equatorial wave model. The regression analysis indicates that a zonal wind stress anomaly of 0.01 N m−2 leads to approximately a 1°C SST anomaly over the Niño-3 region (5°N–5°S, 90°–150°W) due to changes in local upwelling rates. Wind stress variations of this magnitude occurred in the eastern Pacific during the 1982/83 and 1997/98 El Niños, accounting for about 1/3 of the maximum SST anomaly during these events. The linear equatorial wave model also indicates that depending on the period in question, zonal wind stress variations in the eastern Pacific can work either with or against remote wind stress forcing from the central and western Pacific to determine the thermocline depth in the eastern Pacific. Thus, zonal wind stress variations in the eastern Pacific contribute to the generation of interannual SST anomalies through both changes in local upwelling rates and changes in thermocline depth. Positive feedbacks between the ocean and atmosphere in the eastern Pacific are shown to influence the evolution of the surface wind field, especially during strong El Niño events, emphasizing the coupled nature of variability in the region. Implications of these results for understanding the character of event-to-event differences in El Niño and La Niña are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1520-0442 , 0894-8755
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI3618.1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2006
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    THE PIRATA PROGRAM : History, Accomplishments, and Future Directions
    American Meteorological Society ; 2008
    In:  Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Vol. 89, No. 8 ( 2008-08), p. 1111-1126
    Details
    In: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 89, No. 8 ( 2008-08), p. 1111-1126
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-0007 , 1520-0477
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/2008BAMS2462.1
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2008
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  • 7
    Online Resource
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    MISMO FIELD EXPERIMENT IN THE EQUATORIAL INDIAN OCEAN
    American Meteorological Society ; 2008
    In:  Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Vol. 89, No. 12 ( 2008-12), p. 1889-1904
    Details
    In: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 89, No. 12 ( 2008-12), p. 1889-1904
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-0007 , 1520-0477
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/2008BAMS2519.1
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2008
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 419957-1
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Recent Changes in the Pacific Subtropical Cells Inferred from an Eddy-Resolving Ocean Circulation Model*
    American Meteorological Society ; 2007
    In:  Journal of Physical Oceanography Vol. 37, No. 5 ( 2007-05-01), p. 1340-1356
    Details
    In: Journal of Physical Oceanography, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 37, No. 5 ( 2007-05-01), p. 1340-1356
    Abstract: In this study the subtropical cells (STC) in the Pacific Ocean are analyzed using an eddy-resolving ocean general circulation model driven by atmospheric forcing for the years 1992–2003. In particular, the authors seek to identify decadal changes in the STCs in the model and to compare them with observations in order to understand the consequences of such changes for the equatorial ocean heat and mass budgets. The simulation shows a trend toward increasing pycnocline volume transport at 9°N and 9°S across the basin from 1992 to 2003. This increase [4.9 ± 1.0 Sv (Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1)] is in qualitative agreement with observations and is attributed primarily to changes in the interior ocean transport, which are partially compensated by opposing western boundary transports. The subtropical meridional volume transport convergence anomalies in the model pycnocline are found to be consistent with anomalous volume transports in both the observed and modeled Equatorial Undercurrent, as well as with the magnitude of simulated anomalous upwelling transport at the base of the mixed layer in the eastern Pacific. As a result of the increased circulation intensity, heat transport divergence through the lateral boundaries of the tropical control volume (defined as the region between 9°N and 9°S, and from the surface to σθ = 25.3 isopycnal) increases, leading to a cooling of the tropical upper ocean despite the fact that net surface heat flux into the control volume has increased in the same time. As such, these results suggest that wind-driven changes in ocean transports associated with the subtropical cells play a central role in regulating tropical Pacific climate variability on decadal time scales.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1520-0485 , 0022-3670
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JPO3051.1
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2007
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  • 9
    Online Resource
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    Seasonal mixed layer salinity balance of the tropical North Atlantic Ocean
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2008
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research Vol. 113, No. C2 ( 2008-02-15)
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 113, No. C2 ( 2008-02-15)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2007JC004178
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2008
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    SSG: 16,13
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  • 10
    Online Resource
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    Decadal phase change in large-scale sea level and winds in the Indo-Pacific region at the end of the 20th century
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2008
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters Vol. 35, No. 1 ( 2008-01-12)
    Details
    In: Geophysical Research Letters, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 35, No. 1 ( 2008-01-12)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0094-8276
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2007GL032419
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2008
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    SSG: 16,13
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