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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Impact of postoperative non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on adverse events after gastrointestinal surgery
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2014
    In:  British Journal of Surgery Vol. 101, No. 11 ( 2014-09-08), p. 1413-1423
    Details
    In: British Journal of Surgery, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 101, No. 11 ( 2014-09-08), p. 1413-1423
    Abstract: Recent evidence has suggested an association between postoperative non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and increased operation-specific complications. This study aimed to determine the safety profile following gastrointestinal surgery across a multicentre setting in the UK. Methods This multicentre study was carried out during a 2-week interval in September–October 2013. Consecutive adults undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection were included. The study was powered to detect a 10 per cent increase in major complications (grade III–V according to the Dindo–Clavien classification). The effect of administration of NSAIDs on the day of surgery or the following 2 days was risk-adjusted using propensity score matching and multivariable logistic regression to produce adjusted odds ratios (ORs). The type of NSAID and the dose were registered. Results Across 109 centres, early postoperative NSAIDs were administered to 242 (16·1 per cent) of 1503 patients. Complications occurred in 981 patients (65·3 per cent), which were major in 257 (17·1 per cent) and minor (Dindo–Clavien grade I–II) in 724 (48·2 per cent). Propensity score matching created well balanced groups. Treatment with NSAIDs was associated with a reduction in overall complications (OR 0·72, 95 per cent confidence interval 0·52 to 0·99; P = 0·041). This effect predominately comprised a reduction in minor complications with high-dose NSAIDs (OR 0·57, 0·39 to 0·89; P = 0·009). Conclusion Early use of NSAIDs is associated with a reduction in postoperative adverse events following major gastrointestinal surgery.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-1323 , 1365-2168
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/bjs.9614
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2006309-X
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Interannual variability of Arctic sea ice export into the East Greenland Current
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2010
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans Vol. 115, No. C12 ( 2010-12)
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 115, No. C12 ( 2010-12)
    Abstract: Observations since the 1950s suggest that the Arctic climate system is changing in response to rising global air temperatures. These changes include an intensified hydrological cycle, Arctic sea ice decline, and increasing Greenland glacial melt. Here we use new δ 18 O data from the East Greenland Current system at Cape Farewell and Denmark Strait to determine the relative proportions of the freshwater components within the East Greenland Current and East Greenland Coastal Current. Through the comparison of these new data with historical studies, we gain insight into the changing Arctic freshwater balance. We detect three key shifts in the net freshwater component δ 18 O values, these are (1) a shift to lighter values in the late 1990s that possibly indicates an increased Greenland glacial melt or a reduced sea ice melt admixture and (2) a short‐term shift to a ∼10‰ heavier value in 2005 followed by (3) a shift back to the historic average value in 2008. The latter fluctuation reflects a short‐term dramatic rise and fall of sea ice meltwater addition into the East Greenland Current system. We infer that this anomalously large inclusion of sea ice meltwater resulted from a short‐term peak in Arctic sea ice export via Fram Strait. Our findings, therefore, suggest that the freshwater carried in the East Greenland Current system is susceptible to short‐term, high‐amplitude changes in the upstream freshwater balance, which may have important ramifications for the global thermohaline circulation through the suppression of deep water formation in the North Atlantic.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2010JC006227
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2033040-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094104-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2130824-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016813-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016810-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403298-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016800-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161666-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161667-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2969341-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161665-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094268-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 710256-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016804-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094181-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094219-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094167-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2220777-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094197-0
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 3
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    Warming of waters in an East Greenland fjord prior to glacier retreat: mechanisms and connection to large-scale atmospheric conditions
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2011
    In:  The Cryosphere Vol. 5, No. 3 ( 2011-09-09), p. 701-714
    Details
    In: The Cryosphere, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 5, No. 3 ( 2011-09-09), p. 701-714
    Abstract: Abstract. Hydrographic data acquired in Kangerdlugssuaq Fjord and adjacent seas in 1993 and 2004 are used together with reanalysis from the NEMO ocean modelling framework to elucidate water-mass change and ice-ocean-atmosphere interactions in East Greenland. The hydrographic data show that the fjord contains warm subtropical waters and that fjord waters in 2004 were considerably warmer than in 1993. The ocean reanalysis shows that the warm properties of fjord waters in 2004 are related to a major peak in oceanic shoreward heat flux into a cross-shelf trough on the outer continental shelf. The heat flux into this trough varies according to seasonal exchanges with the atmosphere as well as from deep seasonal intrusions of subtropical waters. Both mechanisms contribute to high (low) shoreward heat flux when winds from the northeast are weak (strong). The combined effect of surface heating and inflow of subtropical waters is seen in the hydrographic data, which were collected after periods when along-shore coastal winds from the north were strong (1993) and weak (2004). The latter data were furthermore acquired during the early phase of a prolonged retreat of Kangerdlugssuaq Glacier. We show that coastal winds vary according to the pressure gradient defined by a semi-permanent atmospheric high-pressure system over Greenland and a persistent atmospheric low situated near Iceland. The magnitude of this pressure gradient is controlled by longitudinal variability in the position of the Icelandic Low.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1994-0424
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/tc-5-701-2011
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2393169-3
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Gene expression and nitrogen loss in senescing root systems of red clover ( Trifolium pratense )
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2010
    In:  The Journal of Agricultural Science Vol. 148, No. 5 ( 2010-10), p. 579-591
    Details
    In: The Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 148, No. 5 ( 2010-10), p. 579-591
    Abstract: Root system senescence and nitrogen (N) release from red clover ( Trifolium pratense L.) plants, grown under semi-sterile conditions and a controlled environment, were studied for 28 days following temporary or prolonged abiotic stress. Plants stressed temporarily, to simulate grazing, recovered with no additional N lost in leachate. In contrast, plants subjected to prolonged stress that simulated overwintering conditions and inhibited shoot re-growth survived stress lasting 7 days, but plant viability was reduced to 50% by 14 days and 0% at 21 days. There were no significant differences in root protein, catalase activity, root death index or total N loss in leachate over 21 days, but by 28 days total N loss in leachate increased to 214% above control levels, with a 433% increase in total oxidized N. This increase in N loss between 21 and 28 days indicated the start of cellular breakdown of the root system, coinciding with the failure of plants to recover. Key enzyme activities and protein concentrations in nodules decreased rapidly over 10 days' prolonged stress. cDNA–amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis identified contaminating bacterial and fungal genes, along with plant gene sequences with consistent or altered expression profiles. Four plant sequences, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase ( Tp-gapdh 1), nodule senescence reduced ( Tp-nsr 1), nodule senescence enhanced ( Tp-nse 1) and a cysteine protease gene ( Tp-cp 8) were differentially expressed throughout the plant: Tp-nsr 1 and Tp-nse 1 have potential as molecular markers for nodule senescence. Root and nodule death in agricultural legumes, such as red clover, are implicated in N release into watercourses and the wider environment. Differences in the ability of these plants to survive prolonged stress lasting 14 days, and the delayed release of root N into leachate until 28 days after the stress, highlight the potential for the development of new red clover varieties with different rates of root system senescence.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8596 , 1469-5146
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0021859610000420
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498349-7
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    An Overview of the Synoptic Antarctic Shelf-Slope Interactions (SASSI) project for the International Polar Year
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2012
    In:  Ocean Science Vol. 8, No. 6 ( 2012-12-19), p. 1117-1122
    Details
    In: Ocean Science, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 8, No. 6 ( 2012-12-19), p. 1117-1122
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1812-0792
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/os-8-1117-2012
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2183769-7
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wind forcing of salinity anomalies in the Denmark Strait overflow
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2011
    In:  Ocean Science Vol. 7, No. 6 ( 2011-11-30), p. 821-834
    Details
    In: Ocean Science, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 7, No. 6 ( 2011-11-30), p. 821-834
    Abstract: Abstract. The overflow of dense water from the Nordic Seas to the North Atlantic through Denmark Strait is an important part of the global thermohaline circulation. The salinity of the overflow plume has been measured by an array of current meters across the continental slope off the coast of Angmagssalik, southeast Greenland since September 1998. During 2004 the salinity of the overflow plume changed dramatically; the entire width of the array (70 km) freshened between January 2004 and July 2004, with a significant negative salinity anomaly of about 0.06 in May. The event in May represents a fresh anomaly of over 3 standard deviations from the mean since recording began in 1998. The OCCAM 1/12° Ocean General Circulation Model not only reproduces the 2004 freshening event (r=0.96, p〈0.01), but also correlates well with salinity observations over a previous 6 year period (r=0.54, p〈0.01), despite the inevitable limitations of a z-coordinate model in representing the mixing processes at and downstream of the Denmark Strait sill. Consequently the physical processes causing the 2004 anomaly and prior variability in salinity are investigated using the model output. Our results reject the hypotheses that the anomaly is caused by processes occurring between the overflow sill and the moorings, or by an increase in upstream net freshwater input. Instead, we show that the 2004 salinity anomaly is caused by an increase in volume flux of low salinity water, with a potential density greater than 27.60 kg m−3, flowing towards the Denmark Strait sill in the East Greenland Current. This is caused by an increase in southward wind stress upstream of the sill at around 75° N 20° W four and a half months earlier, and an associated strengthening of the East Greenland Current.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1812-0792
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/os-7-821-2011
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2183769-7
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    On the outflow of dense water from the Weddell and Ross Seas in OCCAM model
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2012
    In:  Ocean Science Vol. 8, No. 3 ( 2012-06-14), p. 369-388
    Details
    In: Ocean Science, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 8, No. 3 ( 2012-06-14), p. 369-388
    Abstract: Abstract. We describe the seasonal and interannual variability of volume transports in the Weddell and Ross Seas using the 1/12° 20-yr simulation of the OCCAM global ocean general circulation model. The average simulated full-depth cumulative volume transports were 28.5 ± 2.9 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1) and 13.4 ± 5.2 Sv, across the main export regions of the Weddell and Ross Seas, respectively. The values of mean outflow of Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) (defined by neutral density γn ≥ 28.27 kg m−3) from the Weddell and Ross Seas of 10.6 ± 3.1 Sv and 0.5 ± 0.7 Sv, respectively, agree with the range reported in historical observational studies. The export of Weddell Sea dense water in OCCAM is primarily determined by the strength of the Weddell Gyre. Variability in AABW export is predominantly at periods of ~1 yr and 2–4 yr.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1812-0792
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/os-8-369-2012
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2183769-7
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Direct observations of the Antarctic circumpolar current transport on the northern flank of the Kerguelen Plateau
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2013
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans Vol. 118, No. 3 ( 2013-03), p. 1333-1348
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 118, No. 3 ( 2013-03), p. 1333-1348
    Abstract: Complex meandering current system with STF/SAF to the north, PF to the south. Total eastward volume transport in the region is 174 {plus minus} 22 Sv. Presence of NIDW in the ACC on the northern flank of the Kerguelen Plateau.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2169-9275 , 2169-9291
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/jgrc.v118.3
    DOI: 10.1002/jgrc.20067
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2013
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161667-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094219-6
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    An Overview of the Synoptic Antarctic Shelf-Slope Interactions (SASSI) project for the International Polar Year
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2012
    In:  Ocean Science Vol. 8, No. 6 ( 2012-12-19), p. 1111-1116
    Details
    In: Ocean Science, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 8, No. 6 ( 2012-12-19), p. 1111-1116
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1812-0792
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/os-8-1111-2012
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2183769-7
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    BHPR: Audit and Clinical Evaluation * 103. Dental Health in Children and Young Adults with Inflammatory Arthritis: Access to Dental Care
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2013
    In:  Rheumatology Vol. 52, No. suppl 1 ( 2013-04-01), p. i95-i134
    Details
    In: Rheumatology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 52, No. suppl 1 ( 2013-04-01), p. i95-i134
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1462-0324 , 1462-0332
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ket196
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1474143-X
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