Description: During the cruise POS432 on board the German R/V Poseidon, we collected water with a CTD SBE 11plus equipped with 14 Hydrobios free flow bottles of 10 L each in 15 stations (resulting in almost 100 samples) in the Madeira basin region, Northeast Atlantic. We aimed to study the physical and biogeochemical conditions of the water column along the 22°W meridian, north and south of the Azores Front, in May 2012. We measured concentrations of chlorophyll a, phaeopigments, suspended particulate material (SPM), and nutrients such as nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, and silicate.

Description: During the cruise POS470 on board the German R/V Poseidon, we collected water with a CTD SBE911plus equipped with 14 Hydrobios free flow bottles of 5 L each in 31 stations (resulting in more than 300 samples) and during transect time in the Madeira basin region, Northeast Atlantic. We aimed to study the physical and biogeochemical conditions in the upper 2000 m of the water column around the catchment area of Kiel 276 in May/June 2014. We measured concentrations of chlorophyll a, phaeopigments, suspended particulate material (SPM), and nutrients such as nitrate, nitrite, phosphate and silicate. Also, we determined concentrations of particulate organic carbon (POC) and particulate organic nitrogen (PON) as well as dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved nitrogen (DN). The physical oceanography during the survey is available at PANGAEA (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.949132). Brief description of the methodology used: - Nitrate, nitrite, phosphate and silicate were measured by continuous flow analysis. - Oxygen was measured on one sample at each station by potentiometric Winkler titration. - DOC and DN were measured by catalytic oxidation after filtered with GF/F-filters. - POC and PON were measured by means of an elemental analyser after filtered with pre-combusted GF/F-filters. - Suspended particulate material (SPM) was determined gravimetrically after pre-combusted and weighted GF/F-filters filtration. - Chlorophyll a and phaeopigments were measured using a fluorometer after ethanol extraction of the GF/F-filters.

Description: This set provides 19 CTD profiles of temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, fluorescence, turbidity and sound velocity measured on board of the German R/V Poseidon in May 2012, in the Madeira basin region, Northeast Atlantic. We aimed to study the physical and biogeochemical conditions of the water column along the 22°W meridian, north and south of the Azores Front. The biogeochemical data associated to this dataset can be found in doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.946626

Description: During the cruise POS470 on board the German R/V Poseidon, we measured temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, fluorescence and turbidity on 33 stations in the Madeira Basin, Northeast Atlantic in May and June 2014. We aimed to study the physical and biogeochemical conditions in the upper 2000 m of the water column in the catchment area of Kiel 276. The CTD stations are distributed along three meridians (23°W, 22°W, and 21°W) and between 30° and 37°N to locate the Azores Front. The dissolved oxygen data is noisy below 1700 m. Since there was no measurement of dissolved oxygen (Winkler titration) during the cruise, the data cannot be calibrated.

Description: Only a few studies have examined the variation of oxygen and hydrogen isotopes of seawater in NE Atlantic water masses, and data are especially sparse for intermediate and deep-water masses. The current study greatly expands this record with 527 d18O values from 47 stations located throughout the mid- to low-latitude NE Atlantic. In addition, dD was analyzed in the 192 samples collected along the GEOTRACES North Atlantic Transect GA03 (GA03_e=KN199-4) and the 115 Iberia-Forams cruise samples from the western and southern Iberian margin. An intercomparison study between the two stable isotope measurement techniques (cavity ring-down laser spectroscopy and magnetic-sector isotope ratio mass spectrometry) used to analyze GA03_e samples reveals relatively good agreement for both hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios. The surface (0-100 m) and central (100-500 m) water isotope data show the typical, evaporation related trend of increasing values equatorward with the exception for the zonal transect off Cape Blanc, NW Africa. Off Cape Blanc, surface water isotope signatures are modified by the upwelling of fresher Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) that generally has isotopic values of 0.0 to 0.5 per mil for d18O and 0 to 2 per mil for dD. Along the Iberian margin the Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW) is clearly distinguished by its high d18O (0.5-1.1 per mil) and dD (3-6 per mil) values that can be traced into the open Atlantic. Isotopic values in the NE Atlantic Deep Water (NEADW) are relatively low (d18O: -0.1 to 0.5 per mil; dD: -1 to 4 per mil) and show a broader range than observed previously in the northern and southern convection areas. The NEADW is best observed at GA03_e Stations 5 and 7 in the central NE Atlantic basin. Antarctic Bottom Water isotope values are relatively high indicating modification of the original Antarctic source water along the flow path. The reconstructed d18O-salinity relationship for the complete data set has a slope of 0.51, i.e., slightly steeper than the 0.46 described previously by Pierre et al. (1994, J. Mar. Syst. 5 (2), 159-170.) for the tropical to subtropical Northeast Atlantic. This slope decreases to 0.46 for the subtropical North Atlantic Central Water (NACW) and the MOW and to 0.32 for the surface waters of the upper 50 m. The dD-salinity mixing lines have estimated slopes of 3.01 for the complete data, 1.26 for the MOW, 3.47 for the NACW, and 2.63 for the surface waters. The slopes of the d18O-dD relationship are significantly lower than the one for the Global Meteoric Water Line with 5.6 for the complete data set, 2.30 for the MOW, 4.79 for the NACW, and 3.99 for the surface waters. The lower slopes in all the relationships clearly reflect the impact of the evaporation surplus in the subtropics.

Description: Planktic foraminiferal (PF) flux and faunal composition from three sediment trap time series of 2002-2004 in the northeastern Atlantic show pronounced year-to-year variations despite similar sea surface temperature (SST). The averaged fauna of the in 2002/2003 is dominated by the species Globigerinita glutinata, whereas in 2003/2004 the averaged fauna is dominated by Globigerinoides ruber. We show that PF species respond primarily to productivity, triggered by the seasonal dynamics of vertical stratification of the upper water column. Multivariate statistical analysis reveals three distinct species groups, linked to bulk particle flux, to chlorophyll concentrations and to summer/fall oligotrophy with high SST and stratification. We speculate that the distinct nutrition strategies of strictly asymbiontic, facultatively symbiontic, and symbiontic species may play a key role in explaining their abundances and temporal succession. Advection of water masses within the Azores Current and species expatriation result in a highly diverse PF assemblage. The Azores Frontal Zone may have influenced the trap site in 2002, indicated by subsurface water cooling, by highest PF flux and high flux of the deep-dwelling species Globorotalia scitula. Similarity analyses with core top samples from the global ocean including 746 sites from the Atlantic suggest that the trap faunas have only poor analogs in the surface sediments. These differences have to be taken into account when estimating past oceanic properties from sediment PF data in the eastern subtropical North Atlantic.

Description: This set provides 68 CTD profiles of temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, fluorescence, turbidity, Surface Photosynthetically Active Radiation (SPAR) and sound velocity measured on board the Chinese R/V Hai Yang Di Zhi Shi Hao in September 2018, in the northern South China Sea, within the project Megacity's fingerprint in Chinese marginal seas: Investigation of pollutant fingerprints and dispersal. Additionally, oxygen saturation, salinity, potential temperature and potential density are also provided. The dataset was used to study the presence and spatial distribution of natural and synthetic estrogenic compounds and pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) in the Pearl River Estuary and northern shelf of the South China Sea.

Description: This dataset provides 37 CTD profiles measured on board of the German R/V Sonne (cruise SO269) in the northern South China Sea, under the project SOCLIS – South China Sea Natural Laboratory under Climatic and Anthropogenic Stress, in August and September 2019. The 37 profiles of temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, fluorescence, turbidity, surface irradiance (SPAR) and Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and sound velocity were measured using a CTD Sea-Bird SBE 911 plus, together with oxygen sensor (SBE 43), PAR sensor (Biospherical, QCP-2350 + QSR-2200), and a fluorometer (WET Labs ECO-FLNTU(RT)D). Additionally, dissolved oxygen, potential temperature and sigma-theta (with reference to the surface) were calculated. The 37 additional CTD files complement the physical oceanography dataset (Waniek et al., 2021).