Anmerkung: Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Part I LOTSE-CHAMP/GRACE -- 1 LOTSE-CHAMP/GRACE: An Interdisciplinary Research Project for Earth Observation from Space -- 1.1 Motivation -- 1.2 Organization of the Project -- 1.3 Major Results -- 1.4 Outlook -- 2 Improvement in GPS Orbit Determination at GFZ -- 2.1 Reference Processing -- 2.2 Improvements of the Processing -- 2.2.1 Phase Wind-Up and the GPS Attitude Model -- 2.2.2 Improved Ambiguity Fixing -- 2.2.3 Absolute Antenna Phase Centre Offset/Variation -- 2.2.4 No-Net Translation/Rotation/Scale Conditions -- 2.2.5 Change of the Observations Weight, Frame Transformations and Applications of Higher Order Ionospheric Corrections -- 2.2.6 Solar Radiation Pressure Model Reparameterization -- 2.2.7 Summary of the Modelling Improvements -- 2.3 Influence of Single Modelling Components on RL05 Orbits -- 2.4 Summary -- References -- 3 Using Accelerometer Data as Observations -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Test of the Alternative Method in a Simulated Environment -- 3.3 Test of the Alternative Method with Real-World CHAMP Data -- 3.4 GRACE Scenario with Real Data -- 3.5 Conclusions -- References -- 4 GFZ RL05: An Improved Time-Series of Monthly GRACE Gravity Field Solutions -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Changes in Observation Models -- 4.2.1 GPS Data -- 4.2.2 K-Band Data -- 4.2.3 Accelerometer Data -- 4.3 Changes in Background Models -- 4.3.1 Time-Variable Gravity Field Model -- 4.3.2 Ocean Tide Model -- 4.3.3 De-Aliasing Model -- 4.4 Processing Environment and Standards -- 4.5 Results -- 4.6 Summary -- References -- 5 GRACE Gravity Modeling Using the Integrated Approach -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Specifications -- 5.3 Processing and Results -- 5.4 Discussion -- References -- 6 Comparison of Daily GRACE Solutions to GPS Station Height Movements. , 6.1 Introduction: The GRACE Kalman Filter Approach -- 6.2 Validation of Daily Solutions -- 6.3 Conclusions and Outlook -- References -- 7 Identification and Reduction of Satellite-Induced Signals in GRACE Accelerometer Data -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Magnetic Torquer Spikes -- 7.3 Heater Spikes -- 7.4 Twangs -- 7.5 Impact onto the Gravity Field -- 7.6 Conclusions and Outlook -- References -- 8 Reprocessing and Application of GPS Radio Occultation Data from CHAMP and GRACE -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Improvement of GPS RO Data Analysis and Reprocessing -- 8.3 Global Temperature and Tropopause Trends -- 8.4 Ionospheric Irregularities in the E-Region -- 8.5 Summary and Outlook -- References -- Part II REAL GOCE -- 9 Real Data Analysis GOCE (REAL GOCE): A Retrospective Overview -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Contributions -- References -- 10 GOCE Gravity Gradients: Reprocessed Gradients and Spherical Harmonic Analyses -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Upgrades of Level 1b Processing Methods -- 10.3 Semi-Analytic Gravity Field Analysis -- 10.4 Spectral Analysis of GOCE Gravity Models -- 10.5 Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- 11 GOCE Gravity Gradients: Combination with GRACE and Satellite Altimetry -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Rotation of the Gravity Gradient Tensor -- 11.3 Validation of Gravity Gradients -- 11.3.1 Direct Comparison of Gravity Gradients and Satellite Altimetry -- 11.3.2 Combination of Gravity Gradients and Satellite Altimetry -- 11.4 Conclusions -- References -- 12 Incorporating Topographic-Isostatic Information into GOCE Gravity Gradient Processing -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Rock-Water-Ice Methodology -- 12.3 Numerical Investigations -- 12.4 Conclusion -- References -- 13 Global Gravity Field Models from Different GOCE Orbit Products -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Precise Orbit Determination of GOCE. , 13.3 From GOCE Orbits to the Gravity Field -- 13.3.1 Theoretical Background -- 13.3.2 Model Settings -- 13.4 Results -- 13.5 Conclusion -- References -- 14 Adjustment of Digital Filters for Decorrelation of GOCE SGG Data -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Individual Filters for Decorrelation -- 14.2.1 High-Pass Filter -- 14.2.2 Notch Filter -- 14.2.3 Whitening Filter -- 14.3 Filter Cascade for Correlated GOCE SGG Data -- 14.4 Conclusions and Outlook -- References -- 15 Stochastic Modeling of GOCE Gravitational Tensor Invariants -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Statistical Study of GOCE Gravitational Invariants -- 15.3 Modeling the GOCE Invariant Noise -- 15.3.1 Modeling the Long Wavelength Errors -- 15.3.2 Simple Modeling of the Complete Spectrum -- 15.4 Summary and Conclusions -- References -- 16 Cross-Overs Assess Quality of GOCE Gradients -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Principle of XO Analysis and Data Pre-Processing -- 16.3 Analysis of XO Residuals -- 16.4 Numerical Quality Measures of GOCE Gradients -- 16.5 Summary and Conclusions -- References -- 17 Consistency of GOCE Geoid Information with in-situ Ocean and Atmospheric Data, Tested by Ocean State Estimation -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 Methodology -- 17.2.1 Mean Dynamic Topography -- 17.2.2 GECCO -- 17.3 Results -- 17.3.1 Consistency with in situ Ocean Data -- 17.3.2 Consistency with Atmospheric Boundary Conditions -- 17.4 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 18 Regional Validation and Combination of GOCE Gravity Field Models and Terrestrial Data -- 18.1 Introduction -- 18.2 Validation of GOCE Gravity Field Models -- 18.3 Combination of GOCE and Terrestrial Data -- 18.4 Summary and Conclusions -- References -- 19 Height System Unification Based on GOCE Gravity Field Models: Benefits and Challenges -- 19.1 Introduction -- 19.2 Data Sets -- 19.3 Validation of Global GOCE Gravity Field Models. , 19.4 Combination of Global and Regional Gravity Field Models by Filtering -- 19.5 Unification of Height Systems in Europe Based on Gravity Field Models -- 19.6 Summary -- References -- 20 EIGEN-6C: A High-Resolution Global Gravity Combination Model Including GOCE Data -- 20.1 Introduction -- 20.2 Used Data and Combination Strategy -- 20.3 Main Characteristics and Evaluation of EIGEN-6C -- 20.4 Summary -- References -- Part III Future Missions -- 21 Future Gravity Field Satellite Missions -- 21.1 Introduction -- 21.1.1 Historical Background -- 21.1.2 Objectives -- 21.1.3 Technical Challenges and Constraints -- 21.2 Methodology, Analysis Challenges and Tools -- 21.2.1 Quick-Look Tools -- 21.2.2 Full-Scale Simulation (Methodology) -- 21.2.3 Analysis at PSD Level in Terms of Range Rates -- 21.2.4 Sensor Performance Breakdown and Budget -- 21.2.5 Sensor and System Simulation -- 21.3 Analysis and Selection of Mission Scenarios -- 21.3.1 Basic Mission Requirements -- 21.3.2 Laser Metrology and Atom Interferometry -- 21.3.3 Inertial Sensor Positioning and Gravitational Reference Point -- 21.3.4 From Initial to Final Selected Scenarios -- 21.4 Final Scenarios -- 21.4.1 System Design Approach for the Conservative Pendulum -- 21.4.2 System Design Approach for the Challenging Pendulum -- 21.4.3 Geodetic Comparison of Goal and Fallback Scenarios -- 21.5 Results and Outlook -- 21.5.1 Lessons Learnt -- 21.5.2 Roadmap -- References.

Anmerkung: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- Part I CHAMP and GRACE -- More Accurate and Faster Available CHAMP and GRACE Gravity Fields for the User Community -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Gravity Field Determination from Analysis of High-Low SST Data -- 3 Main Results of the BMBF/DFG Project CHAMP/GRACE -- References -- The CHAMP/GRACE User Portal ISDC -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Data Lifecycle Management -- 3 Metadata Model -- 4 Portal Architecture -- 4.1 Application Framework -- 4.2 Data Flow -- 4.3 Interfaces -- 5 Backend for Operational Services -- 5.1 Component Deployment -- 6 Outlook -- References -- Improvements for the CHAMP and GRACE Observation Model -- 1 Introduction -- 2 GPS Carrier Phase Wind-Up -- 2.1 General -- 2.2 Carrier Phase Wind-Up Validation -- 3 GPS Attitude Model -- 3.1 Nominal Yaw Regime -- 3.2 Noon/Midnight Turn Regime -- 3.3 Shadow Crossing Regime -- 3.4 Post-shadow Regime -- 4 Summary -- References -- The Release 04 CHAMP and GRACE EIGEN Gravity Field Models -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Monthly EIGEN-GRACE05S Time Series -- 3 Weekly EIGEN-GRACE05S Time Series -- 4 Monthly EIGEN-CHAMP05S Time Series -- 5 Satellite-Only and Combined EIGEN-5S and EIGEN-5C Solutions -- 6 A New Mean, Static EIGEN-CHAMP05S Gravity Field Model and Its Evaluation -- 7 Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Orbit Predictions for CHAMP and GRACE -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Orbit Prediction System -- 2.1 Preprocessing -- 2.2 Orbit Determination -- 2.3 Products -- 3 Accuracy of Predicted Orbits -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Rapid Science Orbits for CHAMP and GRACE Radio Occultation Data Analysis -- 1 Introduction -- 2 GPS Rapid Science Orbits -- 3 Low Earth Orbiters Rapid Science Orbits -- 4 Summary -- References -- Parallelization and High Performance Computationfor Accelerated CHAMP and GRACE Data Analysis -- 1 Introduction. , 2 Removal of GPS Clock Parameters from the Observation Equations Using Dedicated Projections -- 3 Accelerated Computation of Normal Equations from Observation Equations via Additional Row-Block Parallelization -- 4 Adjustment of Satellite Arcs of Arbitrary Length -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Part II GRACE -- Improved GRACE Level-1 and Level-2 Productsand Their Validation by Ocean Bottom Pressure -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The GRACE Mission Configuration and Key Instrumentation -- 3 The GRACE Level-1 and Level-2 Products -- 4 Main Results of the BMBF/DFG Project GRACE -- References -- The GRACE Gravity Sensor System -- 1 GRACE Sensor System -- 1.1 The Accelerometer -- 1.1.1 Logical Model -- 1.1.2 Accelerometer Noise Model -- 1.2 The Star Sensor -- 1.2.1 Star Sensor Noise Model -- 1.3 The GPS Receiver -- 1.3.1 Error Model -- 1.4 The K-Band Ranging System -- 1.4.1 Error Model -- 2 Sensor System Interaction -- 3 Force Models -- 3.1 Gravitational Forces -- 3.2 Non-gravitational Forces -- 4 Real Data Analysis -- 5 Data Processing -- 6 Conclusions and Outlook -- References -- Numerical Simulations of Short-Term Non-tidal Ocean Mass Anomalies -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Ocean Model for Circulation and Tides (OMCT) -- 3 ECMWF Analyses and Forecasts -- 4 Continental and Atmospheric Freshwater Fluxes -- 5 Variations in Total Ocean Mass -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Improved Non-tidal Atmospheric and Oceanic De-aliasing for GRACE and SLR Satellites -- 1 Introduction -- 2 OMCT Configuration for AOD1B RL04 -- 3 Increase of the Temporal Resolution of AOD1B -- 4 AOD1B RL04 Time Series for Consistent SLR Data Processing -- 5 Conclusions -- 6 Notes -- References -- Global Gravity Fields from Simulated Level-1 GRACE Data -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Simulation of Observations -- 3 Estimation of Arc Specific Parameters and Gravity Field Coefficients. , 4 Estimation of Instrument Parameters -- 5 Orbit Geometry and Omission Error -- 6 Effect of Errors in the Background Models -- 7 Colored Observation Noise -- 8 Variation of the Arc Length and the Number of Instrument Parameters -- 9 Special Experiments Concerning the C20 Coefficient -- 10 Summary and Conclusions -- References -- ITG-GRACE: Global Static and Temporal Gravity Field Models from GRACE Data -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Physical Model -- 2.1 Model Setup -- 2.2 Stochastic Model -- 2.3 Representation of the Gravity Field -- 2.3.1 Static Gravity Field Representation -- 2.3.2 Representation of the Time Variable Gravity Field -- 3 Gravity Field Solution ITG-Grace03s -- 3.1 Data Set and Estimated Parameters -- 3.2 Temporal Variations -- 3.3 Static Solution -- 3.4 Covariance-Matrix -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Validation of GRACE Gravity Fields by In-Situ Data of Ocean Bottom Pressure -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Data -- 2.1 In-Situ Ocean Bottom Pressure -- 2.2 GRACE -- 3 Methods -- 4 Results -- 5 Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Antarctic Circumpolar Current Transport Variability in GRACE Gravity Solutions and Numerical Ocean Model Simulations -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Data -- 3 Transport Variability and Ocean Bottom Pressure -- 4 SAM in GRACE Ocean Bottom Pressure -- 5 Discussion -- References -- Part III GOCE -- Gravity and Steady-State Ocean Circulation Explorer GOCE -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The GOCE Mission -- 3 GOCE in the Context of the Geotechnology-Programme -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- GOCE Data Analysis: From Calibrated Measurementsto the Global Earth Gravity Field -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Processing Strategy for the Different Data Types -- 2.1 Processing of the SST Data -- 2.1.1 Kinematic Orbit and Velocity Determination -- 2.1.2 Energy Integral -- 2.2 Processing of the SGG Data -- 2.2.1 Functional Model for In-Situ SGG Data Processing. , 2.2.2 Stochastic Model of SGG Data -- 2.3 Introduction of Regularizing Prior Information -- 2.4 Combination of All Observation Groups -- 3 Solving the Combined Normal Equation System -- 3.1 Preconditioned Conjugate Gradients Multiple Adjustment -- 3.2 Integration of VCE into PCGMA -- 3.3 Integration of the Decorrelation Filters into PCGMA -- 4 Conclusion and Outlook -- References -- GOCE and Its Use for a High-Resolution Global Gravity Combination Model -- 1 Pre-GOCE Satellite-only Models -- 2 GOCE and Satellite-only Models -- 3 GOCE and Global Gravity Field Combination Models -- 3.1 Surface Data -- 3.2 Combination Models Derived from Full and Block-Diagonal Normal Equations -- 3.3 The GOCE-Model: Combination with Full Normal Equations Only -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Spectral Approaches to Solving the Polar Gap Problem -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Selected Strategies A Review -- 2.1 Stabilization with External Data -- 2.2 Stabilization without External Data -- 3 Regularization and Combination -- 4 Slepian Parameterization -- 4.1 Solving the Eigenvalue Problem -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Regionally Refined Gravity Field Models from In-Situ Satellite Data -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Mathematical Model -- 2.1 Basis Functions -- 2.2 Regionally Adapted Regularization -- 3 Simulation Scenario -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Quality Evaluation of GOCE Gradients -- 1 Cross-Over Analysis -- 1.1 Short Term Biases -- 1.2 Trend -- 1.3 Fourier Coefficients -- 2 Accuracy Analysis of External Reference Gradients in the Frequency Domain -- 2.1 Spectral Combination Method -- 2.2 Synthetic Data -- 2.3 Closed-Loop Differences in the Frequency Domain -- 3 Generation of Quality Reports -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Validation of Satellite Gravity Field Models by Regional Terrestrial Data Sets -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Gravity Data -- 3 GPS and Levelling Data. , 4 Gravimetric Quasigeoid Models -- 5 Astrogeodetic Vertical Deflections -- 5.1 Astrogeodetic Validation of GPS/Levelling Data and Gravimetric Quasigeoid Models -- 5.2 Astrogeodetic Validation of Global Geopotential Models -- 6 Global Model Validation by Wavelet Techniques -- 6.1 Filtering Terrestrial Data by Second Generation Wavelets -- 6.2 First Results with Second Generation Wavelets -- 7 Conclusions -- References -- Comparison of GRACE and Model-Based Estimates of Bottom Pressure Variations Against In Situ Bottom Pressure Measurements -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology -- 3 Comparison of Results with Bottom Pressure Sensors -- 4 Comparison of GRACE Results with Model Simulations and Bottom Pressure Sensors -- 5 Global EOF Fields of GRACE and Model pb Variations -- 6 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Part IV SEAVAR -- Sea Level Variations -- Prospects from the Past to the Present(SEAVAR) -- Radar Altimetry Derived Sea Level Anomalies -- The Benefit of New Orbits and Harmonization -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Altimeter Database and Processing System (ADS) -- 3 Harmonization of Different Altimetric Missions -- 4 The Effects of New Orbits -- 5 Summary and Outlook -- References -- Combining GEOSAT and TOPEX/Poseidon Data by Means of Data Assimilation -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Model and Data -- 3 Results -- 4 Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Reanalysis of GPS Data at Tide Gauges and the Combination for the IGS TIGA Pilot Project -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Reprocessing of GPS Data at Tide Gauge Benchmarks at GFT -- 3 Combination of Weekly TIGA Solutions -- 4 Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Sea Level Rise in North Atlantic Derived from Gap Filled Tide Gauge Stations of the PSMSL Data Set -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The PSMSL Gauge Data Set -- 3 Theoretical Background and Used Method -- 4 Reduced Number of Gauges and Calibration of IFEOM. , 5 Conclusions.

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