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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 24 (1975), S. 311-320 
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Natural sciences especially meteorology require the analysis of time seriesx i (t), dating back to non-deterministic processes. These processes are characterized by mechanisms which are not fully understood and therefore not exactly predictable. This report suggests the method of numerical bandpass filtering as one of the statistical techniques which may be applied to those time series. Here, the aim is to change the original time series so that variations of time remain only within a certain and predeterminable range of period ΔT.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In vielen Bereichen der Naturwissenschaft, insbesondere in der Meteorologie, ist die Aufgabe gestellt, Zeitreihenx i (t) zu analysieren, die auf nicht deterministische Vorgänge zurückgehen. Solche Vorgänge sind dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es sich nicht um vollständig bekannte und daher auch nicht um jederzeit exakt prognostizierbare Wirkungsmechanismen handelt. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden Hinweise zur Methodik der numerischen Bandpaßfilterung gegeben, die als eine mögliche statistische Analysetechnik auf derartige Zeitreihen angewendet werden kann und das Ziel hat, die ursprüngliche Zeitreihe so zu verändern, daß nur zeitliche Variationen eines bestimmten und vorgebbaren Periodenbereiches ΔT verbleiben.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0894
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Based on univariate correlation and coherence analyses and considering the physical basis of the relationships, a simple multiforced (multiple) statistical concept is used which correlates observational climatic time series simultaneously with volcanic, solar, ENSO, and the anthropogenic greenhouse gases forcing. This is appropriate to remove some natural climate noise in the observed data and to evaluate the components (signals) possibly due to the anthropogenic greenhouse gas forcing (CO2, or “equivalent” CO2 implying additional gases) during industrial time. In this paper, we apply this technique to 100 global “box” data time series 1890–1985, of the surface air temperature, using observed data from Hansen and Lebedeff. The results are presented in terms of latitudinal-seasonal and regional trends, where the observed trend patterns are compared with the hypothetical signals (statistical assessments) possibly due to anthropogenic greenhouse forcing. These latter signals can be amplified to enable a comparison with corresponding results from general circulation model (GCM) CO2 doubling experiments. These observed-statistical assessments lead to results which are, at least qualitatively and in respect to the zonal mean temperatures, very similar to some GCM experiments indicating the maximum CO2 doubling signals (statistical assessment 〉 12 K) in the arctic winter. However, these signals are moderate in the tropics and in the Southern Hemisphere (global average 2.8–4.4 K). As far as the “industrial” signals are concerned (observed period) these signals are somewhat larger (maximum 7 K, global average 0.5–0.9 K) than the observed trends (maximum 5 K, global average 0.5 K). Phase shifts of cause and effect may amplify these signals but are very uncertain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Climatic change 27 (1994), S. 259-281 
    ISSN: 1573-1480
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Based on the physical background that varying solar activity should lead to variations of the ‘solar constant’ and that the climate system may respond sensitively even to small solar variations, a correlation analysis is performed where hemispheric and global averages of the annual mean surface air temperature are compared with the variations of a variety of solar forcing parameters: sunspots, related hypotheses including variations of the quasi-eleven-year solar cycle length, solar diameter variations and gravitational effects. This analysis is based on the 1881–1988 period, for the northern hemisphere including proxy data 1671–1988. Cross correlations and correlations moving in time reveal some instability effects which are hard to interpret. The temperature variance components which may be hypothetically explained by solar forcing are small. Similarly, a seasonal and regional signal and signal-to-noise analysis based on a gridded temperature time series 1890–1985 reveals small signals which do not exceed roughly 1.5 K in the arctic winter (maximum) or 0.2-0.3 K on a global average.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied climatology 19 (1971), S. 287-296 
    ISSN: 1434-4483
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The calculation of power spectra as suggested byJ. W. Tukey [2, 17] is used to investigate the long climatological series of temperature and pressure of several stations north of the Alps for the time covering the years 1755 until 1965. These results are compared with those, gained by the power spectrum analysis of sunspots and solar flares. In the range of periodsT〉1a conformity is found at 2.1–2.2a, ca. 3.3a and ca. 5a, whereas in the rangeT〈1a conformity is not so evident, but also in some intervals available.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Für einige lange klimatologische Reihen der Lufttemperatur und des Luftdrucks von Stationen nördlich der Alpen aus der Zeit von 1755 bis 1965 wurden Varianzspektren berechnet. Die auf diese Weise gewonnenen Ergebnisse werden mit denen verglichen, die man durch die spektrale Varianzanalyse von Sonnenflecken und Sonnenfackeln erhält. Im PeriodenbereichT〉1a werden bei 2.1–2.2a, etwa 3.3a und et wa 5a Übereinstimmungen gefunden. Im BereichT〈1a ist die Über-einstimmung weniger deutlich, zeichnet sich aber in einigen Periodenintervallen ebenfalls ab.
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  • 6
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    Unknown
    Heraeus-Stiftung, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren
    In:  EPIC3Jülich/Frankfurt, Heraeus-Stiftung, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
    Format: application/pdf
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