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  • 1
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/8860 | 403 | 2012-06-14 17:12:27 | 8860 | United States National Marine Fisheries Service
    Publication Date: 2021-06-28
    Description: We propose a new equation to describe the relation betweenotolith length (OL) and somatic length (fork length [FL]) of fish for the entire lifespan of the fish. The equation was developed by applying a mathematical smoothing method based on an allometric equation with a constant term for walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) —a species that shows an extended longevity (〉20 years). The most appropriate equation for defining the relation between OL and FL was a four-phase allometric smoothing functionwith three inflection points. The inflection points correspond to the timing of settlement of walleye pollock,changes in sexual maturity, and direction of otolith growth. Allometric smoothing functions describing therelation between short otolith radius and FL, long otolith radius and FL, and FL and body weight were also developed. The proposed allometric smoothing functions cover the entirelifespan of walleye pollock. We term these equations “allometric smoothing functions for otolith and somatic growth over the lifespan of walleye pollock.”
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 447-456
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  • 2
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/8984 | 403 | 2012-08-03 19:03:11 | 8984 | United States National Marine Fisheries Service
    Publication Date: 2021-06-30
    Description: Walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) is widely distributed in the North Pacific Ocean and plays an important role in coastal subarctic ecosystems. The Japanese Pacific population of this species is one of the most important demersal fishes for commercial fisheries in northern Japan. The population is distributed along the Pacific coast of Hokkaido and the Tohoku area (Fig. 1), which is the southern limit of distribution of the species in the western North Pacific. In Funka Bay, the main spawning ground for this population, pollock spawn from December to March (Kendall and Nakatani, 1992). Planktonic eggs and larvae are transported into the bay, where juveniles usually remain until late July when they reach 60−85 mm in total length (Hayashi et al., 1968; Nakatani and Maeda, 1987). These juvenile pollock then migrate from Funka Bay eastward to the Doto area off southeastern Hokkaido (Honda et al., 2004). Many studies on eggs, larvae, and juveniles of the species have been conducted in or near Funka Bay, but little information is available on the ecology of the early life stages in the Tohoku area. Hashimoto and Ishito (1991) suggested that eggs are transported from Funka Bay southward to the Tohoku area by the coastal branch of the Oyashio Current, but there has been no study to verify this hypothesis.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 468-475
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 98 (1962), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgery today 5 (1975), S. 109-117 
    ISSN: 1436-2813
    Keywords: carcinoma of the cystic duct ; Farrar’s criteria ; direct view irradiation therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A case of carcinoma of the cystic duct is presented and comprehensive review of the literature was provided. Since no characteristic clinical signs are present, the diagnosis can only be made incidentally at the time of laparotomy for non-visualizing gallbladder. Even then histological study of the resected specimen is mandatory. In our present case after the confirmation of the diagnosis the second look exploration was done. However, careful examination of the bile duct system failed to find evidence of carcinomatous involvement suggesting that carcinoma found in the cystic duct was of a primary and not a secondary invasion. The present case constitutes the nineteenth case which meets completely the criteria proposed by Farr. Since the only hope of cure lies with the early diagnosis of the disease, early exploratory laparotomy and prophylactic removal of non-functioning or calculous gallbladder are recommended.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1436-2813
    Keywords: carcinoma of the bifurcation of the main hepatic ducts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abtract Two cases of carcinoma of the bifurcation of the main hepatic ducts are presented. The tumors were successfully removed by resection of the bifurcation in one case, and by left hepatic lobectomy in the other. Some other 38 cases of the same condition collected from the world literature are briefly reviewed and discussed with particular reference to their surgical interventions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Serotonin ; Raphe nuclei ; Aberrant fiber ; Aging ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Distributional changes of serotonergic fibers associated with aging were demonstrated immunohistochemically. Old rat brains were morphologically characterized by the presence of peculiar features of serotonergic fibers not found in the young adult brain. In 24-month-old rats, these aberrant serotonergic fibers were subdivided into two groups according to morphological alterations: type 1 fibers consisting of thin fibers with moderately enlarged varicosities, and type 2 fibers consisting of much thicker fibers that have even larger varicosities and a tortuous course. These two types of fibers were distributed differentially in the forebrain. Type 1 fibers were found mainly in the striatum and frontoparietal cortex, whereas type 2 fibers were found in the posterior cingulate cortex and dentate gyrus of the hippocampal formation. Both types of aberrant fibers were seen in amygdala, frontoparietal cortex, hypothalamus, and thalamus. In 36-month-old rats, more highly degenerating arborizations were detected, and these aberrant ramifications were classified as follows based on shape as: type 3 fibers consisting of highly arborized thin fibers with a larger number of larger varicosities, and type 4 fibers consisting of thick fibers with abundant larger varicosities. Distributional difference indicated that type 1 fibers progress into type 3 fibers, whereas type 2 develop into type 4 fibers. These findings suggest the possibility that one set of pathological fibers emanate from the dorsal raphe nucleus and the other from the median raphe. Moreover, both two sets of serotonergic fibers show age-related aberrations in their morphology over same time course.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Depuis octobre 1976, les auteurs ont traité 81 malades porteurs d'un cancer biliaire. Cinquante d'entre eux présentaient un cancer qui prenait son origine et/ou infiltrait les canaux biliaires principaux dont 5 cancers de la partie haute ou de la partie moyenne de l'arbre biliaire, 19 de la partie moyenne et de la partie intra-pancréatique, 7 diffus. Cinquante des 81 lésions furent réséqués. Des 50 opérés: 33 furent traités par exérèse isolée à titre curatif ou palliatif, 14 par exérèse et irradiation per-opératoire, 3 par irradiation externe post-opératoire. Trente et un des 81 malades ne subirent pas d'exérèse: 6 furent traités par irradiation intra-opératoire, 4 par irradiation externe après mise en place d'un drainage biliaire, 21 par simple drainage. La survie à 5 ans fut de 59.3% après exérèse curative. La survie à plus de 2 ans fut de 17.1% après exérèse palliative complétée par irradiation et de 9% après simple exérèse. Un seul malade survécut 34 mois après irradiation opératoire et drainage biliaire. Au début de cette expérience thérapeutique combinant l'exérèse et l'irradiation opératoire, 9 malades dévelopèrent des complications sévères dues en particulier à l'obstruction des artères hépatiques. Ultérieurement en employant une seule dose de 20 grays, un champ d'irradiation plus petit (3.7±1.4 cm) et une source plus forte d'energie (7.3±3.0 MeV). Ces complications furent évitées et 2 malades sur 5 bénéficièrent d'un longue survie. Récemment à l'irradiation peropératoire a été ajoutée une irradiation externe fractionnée (30–40 grays/4–5 semaines). Ces résultats démontrent que l'exérèse palliative de la tumeur associée à l'irradiation interne peropératoire et à l'irradiation externe postopératoire est susceptible d'améliorer le pronostic du cancer biliaire parvenu à un stade évolutif avancé.
    Abstract: Resumen A partir de octubre de 1976, hemos tratado 81 pacientes con cáncer de la vía biliar. Cincuenta de estos pacientes presentaban cáncer que se originaba y/o infiltraba los canales hepáticos principales. Cinco tenían cáncer de la región superior a media, 19 de la región media a la intrahepática, y los restantes 7 presentaban tumores de extensión difusa. Cincuenta de los 81 pacientes fueron sometidos a resección. De los 50, 33 fueron tratados mediante resecciones curativas o no curativas solamente, 14 mediante resección más radioterapia intraoperatoria (RTIO), y los 3 restantes recibieron radioterapia externa postoperatoria. Treinta y uno de 81 pacientes no fueron sometidos a resección. De estos, seis tuvieron RTIO y 4 radioterapia externa después de drenaje biliar. Los 21 restantes tuvieron drenaje biliar solamente. La resección curativa logró la mejor tasa de supervivencia acumulada a 5 años, 59.3%. La RTIO más resección no curativa exhibió una tasa de supervivencia a 2 años de 17.1%, superior a la de 9.0% de los pacientes sometidos a resección solamente. Con la RTIO combinada con drenaje biliar, sólo un paciente sobrevivió más de 2 años y murió a los 34 meses. En la etapa inicial de desarrollo de la terapia combinada de resección y RTIO, se presentaron complicaciones severas en 9 pacientes así tratados, incluyendo alteraciones severas de las arterias hepáticas. En la etapa siguiente, la resección combinada con RTIO de dosis única (20 Gy) utilizando un campo de menor extensión (3.7±1.4 cm) y menor energía (7.3±3.0 MeV) no resultó en complicaciones y produjo 2 supervivencias a largo plazo entre 5 pacientes. Recientemente se ha añadido la irradiación externa fraccionada (30–40 Gy/4–5 semanas) a la RTIO. Los resultados indican que la resección no curativa más RTIO en combinación con irradiación externa podrían mejorar el pronóstico del paciente con cáncer avanzado de la vía biliar.
    Notes: Abstract Since October, 1976, we have treated a total of 81 patients with bile duct cancer. Fifty of these patients had cancer that originated at and/or infiltrated into the main hepatic ducts. Five patients had cancer on the upper to middle portion, 19 on the middle to intrapancreatic bile duct, and the remaining 7 had diffusely involved tumors. Fifty of the 81 patients underwent resections. Of the 50 patients, 33 received curative or noncurative resection alone, 14 were treated by resection plus intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT), and the remaining 3 received postoperative external irradiation. Thirty-one of the 81 patients did not undergo tumor resection. Of these, 6 had IORT and 4 underwent external radiotherapy after bile drainage. The remaining 21 underwent bile drainage alone. Curative resection achieved the best cumulative 5-year survival rate of 59.3%. IORT plus noncurative resection showed a superior 2-year survival rate of 17,1% compared to 9.0% after noncurative resection alone. Only 1 patient treated by IORT plus bile drainage survived more than 2 years and subsequently died at 34 months. In the earlier stage of the development of the combination therapy with resection and IORT, severe complications were experienced in 9 patients (so treated), including remarkable obstructive changes of the hepatic arteries. In the later stage, resection plus IORT with a reduced single dose (20 Gy), using a smaller field size (3.7±1.4 cm) and beam energy (7.3±3.0 MeV), did not result in complication and produced 2 long-term survivors among 5 patients. Fractionated external irradiation (30–40 Gy/4–5 weeks) has been added to the IORT recently. These results indicate that noncurative resection plus IORT in combination with external radiation would improve the prognosis of the patient with advanced bile duct cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of oceanography 55 (1999), S. 643-643 
    ISSN: 1573-868X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of oceanography 55 (1999), S. 645-653 
    ISSN: 1573-868X
    Keywords: North Pacific ; carbon cycle ; biological pump ; intermediate water ; anthropogenic carbon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The Northwest Pacific Carbon Cycle Study (NOPACCS) was a program aimed at investigating the carbon cycle of the North Pacific Ocean, which can be thought of as a large reservoir of carbon dioxide. NOPACCS was also aimed at estimating the North Pacific's capacity as a carbon sink. Project design, scientific results, and data availability, and subsequent projects resulting from this project are also described in this review. Studies of the upper ocean processes focused on the latitudinal differences in the fugacity of carbon dioxide; and on the detail of plankton community structures. Intermediate water was studied in relation to the formation of North Pacific Intermediate Water and the amount of accumulated anthropogenic carbon. The sedimentation process, past carbon cycle and coral reefs were also studied during the project. A preliminary, overall view of the carbon cycle of the North Pacific was drawn from the results of the project and compared to global values.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1436-2813
    Keywords: duodenal carcinoma ; duodenal polyp ; benign-malignant borderline ; incidence of primary duodenal tumors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 62-year-old woman with a precancerous duodenal polyp in the suprapapillary region of the second portion of the duodenum was surgically treated by pancreato-duodenectomy. The postoperative course and follow-up was uneventful. A statistical analysis of primary duodenal tumor cases (excluding tumors of the duodenal papilla) reported in Japan during the period from 1962 to 1977 was also reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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