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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Environmental science & technology 26 (1992), S. 553-556 
    ISSN: 1520-5851
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 7 (1960), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Three strains of Hypotrichomonas acosta were isolated in axenic culture. Attempts to develop a defined medium directly from a defined medium suitable for Tetrahymena pyriformis were unsuccessful. Development of partly defined media by substitution for undefined materials in Diamond's medium were more successful. Horse serum was replaced by 1 mg. % TEM-4T (a diacetyl tartaric acid ester of monoglycerides from tallow) and 0.5 mg.% cholesterol. Yeast extract was replaced by a mixture of ribonucleotides. Inclusion of several additional components permitted reducing the Trypticase concentration from 2% to 0.25%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 23 (1976), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. It was demonstrated with the aid of light and electron microscope studies that Sorites marginalis (Lamarck) harbors zooxanthellae. The hosts were scraped from Thalassia testudinum Konig growing in Key Largo Sound (Florida, U.S.A.) and immediately preserved in appropriate fixatives. Zooxanthellae were distributed unevenly throughout all the chamberlets; only a few symbiotes were found in the embryonic chambers and the inner or outer chambers, but the intermediate chambers were packed with symbiotes. The outer chambers contained many food vacuoles in addition to symbiotes. Some zooxanthellae might have been in the process of degeneration or digestion. The symbiotes were found to have a typical dinoflagellate nucleus, a single large lobate cortical chloroplast with one stalked pyrenoid, an accumulation body, and many starch granules. The nonmotile stage of the zooxanthella was similar, but perhaps not identical, to Symbiodinium microadriaticum Freudenthal from various hosts.The foraminiferan host is heterokaryotic with hundreds of generative (small) nuclei and scores of vegetative (large) nuclei. Most of the generative nuclei were found in the embryonic apparatus and the inner chambers. Most of the vegetative nuclei were found in the inner and outer chambers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 17 (1970), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. The life cycles of 2 strains of Allogromia laticollaris (CSH and TPA) raised on experimentally restricted diets have been studied. Cloned cultures of the strains differed in nutritional requirements for continuous reproduction. The TPA strain was more fecund. Both strains have a basically apogamic (asexual) life cycle; only occasionally were gamonts (sexually reproducing individuals) produced. They were autogamous (self-fertilizing) and fusion of the gametes took place within the parental test.We found in CSH clones a regular alternation of vesicularly nucleated and compactly multinucleated diploid generations. The details of the life cycle of either strain are not known well enough to be able to construct life cycle diagrams more meaningful than that of Arnold. The 2 strains studied differ in cytologic and nuclear detail from each other and from the strain studied by Arnold.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 16 (1969), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. The growth and reproduction of Allogromia laticollaris was studied. More schizozoites were generally produced in mixtures of food organisms than on single algal foods. In the presence of moderate numbers of bacteria, cultures with Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Chlorococcum sp., Nannochloris sp., and an unidentified chlorophyte (BL-1), added singly, were also highly productive. Schizogony was the dominant asexual form of reproduction. Binary fission and cytotomy also occurred in bacterized otherwise unfed controls. 35S and 32P are convenient labels for measuring growth of A. laticollaris when introduced into the system in the range of 1 × 104 - 1 × 105 dpm/ml (32P specific activity ∼ 2.03 MCi/g; 35S specific activity ∼ 95 μCi/g). Small allogromiids grew faster than did larger ones. By means of the Taylor series modification of the classical least-squares method, a continuous life-cycle representation was calculated for A. laticollaris for the conditions of the experiment. Four points of cell volume growth were maxima for reproduction: 1.0 × 107μ per organism for curve I; 2.2 × 107μ3 and 1.2 × 107μ3 for curve II; and 6.7 × 107μ3 for curve III.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 16 (1969), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. Bacteria were required for the sustained reproduction of 4 species of foraminifera in gnotobiotic culture. None of the species of algae tested, singly or in combination, supported continuous reproduction of the foraminifera in bacteria-free gnotobiotic culture. It is inferred that bacteria have some nutritional factor required by the foraminifera that is either unavailable or unavailable in sufficient quantity in an exclusively algal diet.Gnotobiotic clones of Quinqueloculina lata, Spiroloculina hyalina, Rosalina leei, and Allogromia laticollaris were established on bacteria + algae (usually 1 or 2 species). In balanced gnotobiotic cultures neither light nor foraminiferan density (organisms/ml) were limiting. As cultures aged, pH shifted and limited growth. When waste products were removed by washing, reproductive rates were higher.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 48 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: . Large miliolid foraminifers of the subfamily Soritinae bear symbiotic dinoflagellates morphologically similar to the species of the “Symbiodinium” complex, commonly found in corals and other marine invertebrates. Soritid foraminifers are abundant in coral reefs and it has been proposed that they share their symbionts with other dinoflagellate-bearing reef dwellers. In order to test this hypothesis, we have analysed partial large subunit ribosomal DNA sequences from dinoflagellates symbionts obtained from 28 foraminiferal specimens, and compared them to the corresponding sequences of Symbiodinium-like endosymbionts from various groups of invertebrates. Phylogenetic analysis of our data shows that all soritid symbionts belong to the “Symbiodinium” species complex, within which they form seven different molecular types (Fr1–Fr7). Only one of these types (Fr1) branches within a group of invertebrate symbionts, previously described as type C. The remaining six types form sister groups to coral symbionts previously designed as types B, C, and D. Our data indicate a high genetic diversity and specificity of Symbiodinium-like symbionts in soritids. Except for type C, we have found no evidence for the transmission of symbionts between foraminifers and other symbiont-bearing invertebrates from the same localities. However, exchanges must have occurred frequently between the different species of Soritinae, as suggested by the lack of host specificity and some biogeographical patterns observed in symbiont distribution. Our data suggest that members of the subfamily Soritinae acquired their symbionts at least three times during their history, each acquisition being followed by a rapid diversification and independent radiation of symbionts within the foraminiferal hosts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 9 (1962), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. Several trichomonads from poikilotherms (Hypotrichomonas acosta, Monocercomonas colubrorum and M. sp., Trichomonas batrachorum, and Tritrichomonas augusta) grew in a nearly-defined medium to a level of 10–40% that permitted with media containing casein digests; T. augusta (4 strains) grew best. The defined medium contained TEM-4T (a semisynthetic fat based on beef-tallow fatty acids) and ascorbyl “palmitate” as sources of fatty acids. Besides ascorbyl palmitate, thiomalic and ascorbic acids, and tocopherol served as reducers and antiöxidants. High concentrations of nucleotides (adenylic, cytidylic, guanylic, and uridylic acids) seemed necessary. Indigo carmine was a useful redox indicator; the flagellates never grew in the oxidized zone. Extra trace elements and amino acids or rich natural media permitted better growth at about 34.5°C—the upper temperature limit for these trichomonads, raising the issue of a biochemical basis of a thermal barrier to the invasion of warmblooded hosts. Except for the limited carbohydrate in the nucleotides, carbohydrate could be omitted, the main substrates being a combination of glycerol, acetate, and gylcero-phosphate, posing the question of the identity of the anaerobic, presumably non-glycolytic, energy-yielding pathway.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 32 (1985), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: .Protozoa may be thought of as preadapted to serve as hosts for cellular endosymbionts by virtue of their widespread ability to take up particles by endocytosis. The absence of the cell wall so characteristic of plants and fungi and the commonly large size of most protozoa are additional factors favoring protozoan cells for endosymbioses. The conversion of symbiont into a cellular organelle (e.g. a mitochondrion or chloroplast) is more complicated, especially since the latter do not code for all of their own proteins. Thus, such conversions are held to be rare. Among protozoa, numerous foraminifera appear to have characteristics making them very favorable as hosts for certain algae. Such adaptations, both physiological and morphological in nature, are discussed. Also discussed in this paper are the ways by which (present-day) chloroplasts and mitochondria may have been derived from early endosymbionts: a single ancestral cyanobacterium, in the first case, and a single ancestral purple-nonsulfur bacterium, in the second. Mechanisms for insertion of proteins into and across the organellar membranes had to be evolved for all genes transferred from the symbionts into the host nucleus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 32 (1985), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Long neglected has been the extensive and more or less intimate association of protozoa with a wide variety of other cells, either prokaryotic or eukaryotic in nature. Yet study of such relationships can provide important information concerning certain basic aspects of cellular evolution in general. A survey is offered here of the whole range of such symbiotic associations (i.e. with species of protozoa serving as hosts) with the purposes of drawing attention to the exciting possibilities of such research and of reviewing significant findings made to date. Because of the vastness of the overall field, examples and discussion are primarily limited to consideration of the following major studies: methanogenic bacteria in certain ciliates, bacterial endosymbionts of the large freshwater amoeba Pelomyxa palustris (itself an amazing organism from an evolutionary/phylogenetic point of view), the rod-shaped bacteria found in Amoeba proteus, the “Greek-letter” prokaryotes of Paramecium species, the xenosomes (sensu stricto) of the marine scuticociliate Parauronema acutum, and the diverse algal endosymbionts of similarly diverse protozoan taxa–ciliates, flagellates, radiolarians, acantharians, and foraminifera.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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