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  • 1
    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Heat and freshwater transports through Fram Strait are understood to have a significant influence on the hydrographic conditions in the Arctic Ocean and on water mass modifications in the Nordic seas. To determine these transports and their variability reliable estimates of the volume transport through the strait are required. Current meter moorings were deployed in Fram Strait from September 1997 to September 1999 in the framework of the EU MAST III Variability of Exchanges in the Northern Seas programme. The monthly mean velocity fields reveal marked velocity variations over seasonal and annual time scales, and the spatial structure of the northward flowing West Spitsbergen Current and the southward East Greenland Current with a maximum in spring and a minimum in summer. The volume transport obtained by averaging the monthly means over two years amounts to 9.5 ± 1.4 Sv to the north and 11.1 ± 1.7 Sv to the south (1 Sv = 106 m3s−1). The West Spitsbergen Current has a strong barotropic and a weaker baroclinic component; in the East Greenland Current barotropic and baroclinic components are of similar magnitude. The net transport through the strait is 4.2 ± 2.3 Sv to the south. The obtained northward and southward transports are significantly larger than earlier estimates in the literature; however, within its range of uncertainty the balance obtained from a two year average is consistent with earlier estimates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Polar biology 23 (2000), S. 85-94 
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Using Weddell Sea data collected during a cruise with “FS Polarstern” in austral summer 1992/1993, depletions of nutrients and TCO2 in the summer surface layer were calculated. The analogous depletion-like properties for temperature (Heat Storage) and salinity were also computed. The latter properties are useful to describe the physical conditions over the time period pertinent to the depletions. For different areas a strong correlation exists of Heat Storage and nutrient/TCO2 depletions, which is caused by a common factor – the period of light availability. Offshore of the Larsen shelf, an area usually inaccessible due to perennial ice cover, high nutrients/TCO2 depletions are achieved over a short period of time, pointing to a rapidly producing biological system. Primary productivity, calculated from the TCO2 depletion, amounts to about 100 mg C m−2 day−1 for the central Weddell Sea, but 570–1140 mg C m−2 day−1 for the offshore Larsen region. These values agree fairly well with the open-ocean Antarctic and other coastal areas, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Ocean dynamics 40 (1987), S. 141-155 
    ISSN: 1616-7228
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Anhand einer Reihe von neun XBT-Schnitten wird die Beständigkeit der Hauptmerkmale des Nordatlantischen Stromes betrachtet. Ein großer Mäander zwischen dem Kontinentalabhang vor Neufundland und der westlichen Flanke des Mittelatlantischen Rückens ist in allen Schnitten zu finden, die dieses Gebiet kreuzen. An der westlichen Flanke des Rückens scheint der Strom der Bodentopographie nach Süden zu folgen, um an der östlichen Flanke nach Norden zurückzuschwenken. Mesoskalige Schwankungen sind dem großskaligen Strom überlagert. Ihre Wellenlänge von etwa 200 km ändert sich nicht signifikant in den verschiedenen Schnitten östlich des Rückens. Die durch Satellit verfolgten Kurse von vier Driftbojen, die über der östlichen Flanke des Rückens ausgelegt wurden, legen nahe, daß die mesoskaligen Fluktuationen, die in diesem Gebiet beobachtet werden, aus Mäandern bestehen, die sich abtrennen und geschlossene Ringe bilden können. Die Trajektorien der Bojen sind offenbar mit den Tiefenlinien korreliert. Obwohl sich die horizontalen Gradienten mit den Jahreszeiten und der hydrographischen Situation ändern, sind die großskaligen Temperaturmerkmale lokal beständig.
    Abstract: Résumé Une série de 9 coupes bathythermiques (XBT) est utilisée pour étudier la persistance dans le régime général du Courant Atlantique Nord. Un grand méandre situé entre le Talus Continental de Terre Neuve et le flanc Ouest de la Dorsale Médio Atlantique est observé sur toutes les coupes intéressant cette zone. Sur le flanc Ouest de la Dorsale, le courant semble au Sud suivre la Topographie et revient au Nord le long du flanc Est de la dorsale. Des fluctations à meso échelle se superposent au régime de courant à grande échelle. A l'Est de la Dorsale, l'échelle de longueur de 200 km ne varie pas significativement. Les traces de 4 bouées dérivantes poursuites par satellites mises à l'eau sur le flanc Est de la Dorsale suggèrent que les fluctuations à meso échelle observées dans cette zone sont constituées de méandres qui peuvent se séparer du flux général et former des anneaux fermés. Les trajectoires des bouées semblent indiquer une corrélation avec la forme des isobathes. Bien que les gradients horizontaux varient en fonction des saisons et de la bathymètrie, le régime des températures à grande échelle est localement persistant.
    Notes: Summary A series of nine XBT sections is used to study the persistence in the general pattern of the North Atlantic Current. A large meander between the Newfoudland Continental Slope and the western flank of the Mid-Atlantic-Ridge is found in all sections crossing this area. On the western flank of the ridge the current seems to follow the topography to the south and shifts back to the north on the eastern flank. Mesoscale fluctuations are superimposed to the large scale current. East of the ridge, their length scales of 200 km do not vary significantly in the different sections. Four satellite tracked drifting buoys, launched on the eastern flank of the ridge, suggest that the mesoscale fluctuations observed in that area consist of meanders which can separate and form closed rings. The trajectories of the buoys seem to correlate with the depth contours. Although the horizontal gradients vary due to different seasons and hydrographic situations, the large scale temperature pattern is locally persistent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2014-09-09
    Description: Transports of total volume and water masses obtained from a mooring array in the East Greenland Current (EGC) in Fram Strait are presented for the period 1997–2009. The array in the EGC was moved along isobaths from 79°N to 78°50′N78°50′N in 2002 to line up with moorings in the eastern Fram Strait. Analysis of the time series at the two latitudes shows that associated with the southward move, the annual mean volume transport of the EGC increased from 5.8±1.8 Sv to 8.7±2.5 Sv, mostly related with an increase in barotropic flow. This suggests a recirculation of close to 3 Sv at 78°50′N78°50′N as a consequence of the large-scale wind-driven cyclonic gyre in the Nordic Seas. In addition, the volume transport at 78°50′N78°50′N showed a clear seasonal cycle which was absent at 79°N. Estimates of the wind-driven Sverdrup transport at two different latitudes show that the difference in total volume transport and seasonality can largely be explained by the wind-stress curl. However, weak transport in 2003 was only partially related with weak Sverdrup transport and coincided also with anomalously weak northerly winds. The stronger recirculation at 78°50′N78°50′N has also consequences for the observed Atlantic Water: there is significantly more Atlantic derived water present at the southerly latitude. In addition, the warm anomaly in Fram Strait between 2005 and 2007 doubled the amount of Recirculated Atlantic Water temporarily. Finally, we estimate that close to 2.7 Sv, or 50%, of Atlantic derived water recirculates in Fram Strait.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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  • 5
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    Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-07-16
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2018-08-10
    Description: Measuring temperature and salinity profiles in the world's oceans is crucial to understanding ocean dynamics and its influence on the heat budget, the water cycle, the marine environment and on our climate. Since 1983 the German research vessel and icebreaker Polarstern has been the platform of numerous CTD (conductivity, temperature, depth instrument) deployments in the Arctic and the Antarctic. We report on a unique data collection spanning 33 years of polar CTD data. In total 131 data sets (1 data set per cruise leg) containing data from 10 063 CTD casts are now freely available at doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.860066. During this long period five CTD types with different characteristics and accuracies have been used. Therefore the instruments and processing procedures (sensor calibration, data validation, etc.) are described in detail. This compilation is special not only with regard to the quantity but also the quality of the data – the latter indicated for each data set using defined quality codes. The complete data collection includes a number of repeated sections for which the quality code can be used to investigate and evaluate long-term changes. Beginning with 2010, the salinity measurements presented here are of the highest quality possible in this field owing to the introduction of the OPTIMARE Precision Salinometer.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2018-08-13
    Description: The GEOTRACES Intermediate Data Product 2017 (IDP2017) is the second publicly available data product of the international GEOTRACES programme, and contains data measured and quality controlled before the end of 2016. The IDP2017 includes data from the Atlantic, Pacific, Arctic, Southern and Indian oceans, with about twice the data volume of the previous IDP2014. For the first time, the IDP2017 contains data for a large suite of biogeochemical parameters as well as aerosol and rain data characterising atmospheric trace element and isotope (TEI) sources. The TEI data in the IDP2017 are quality controlled by careful assessment of intercalibration results and multi-laboratory data comparisons at crossover stations. The IDP2017 consists of two parts: (1) a compilation of digital data for more than 450 TEIs as well as standard hydrographic parameters, and (2) the eGEOTRACES Electronic Atlas providing an on-line atlas that includes more than 590 section plots and 130 animated 3D scenes. The digital data are provided in several formats, including ASCII, Excel spreadsheet, netCDF, and Ocean Data View collection. Users can download the full data packages or make their own custom selections with a new on-line data extraction service. In addition to the actual data values, the IDP2017 also contains data quality flags and 1-σ data error values where available. Quality flags and error values are useful for data filtering and for statistical analysis. Metadata about data originators, analytical methods and original publications related to the data are linked in an easily accessible way. The eGEOTRACES Electronic Atlas is the visual representation of the IDP2017 as section plots and rotating 3D scenes. The basin-wide 3D scenes combine data from many cruises and provide quick overviews of large-scale tracer distributions. These 3D scenes provide geographical and bathymetric context that is crucial for the interpretation and assessment of tracer plumes near ocean margins or along ridges. The IDP2017 is the result of a truly international effort involving 326 researchers from 25 countries. This publication provides the critical reference for unpublished data, as well as for studies that make use of a large cross-section of data from the IDP2017. This article is part of a special issue entitled: Conway GEOTRACES - edited by Tim M. Conway, Tristan Horner, Yves Plancherel, and Aridane G. González.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2016-11-17
    Description: The Weddell Gyre plays a crucial role in the modification of climate by advecting heat poleward to the Antarctic ice shelves and by regulating the density of water masses that feed the lowest limb of the global ocean overturning circulation. However, our understanding of Weddell Gyre water mass properties is limited to regions of data availability, primarily along the Prime Meridian. The aim of this paper is to provide a data set of the upper water column properties of the entire Weddell Gyre. Objective mapping was applied to Argo float data in order to produce spatially gridded, time-composite maps of temperature and salinity for fixed pressure levels ranging from 50 to 2000 dbar, as well as temperature, salinity and pressure at the level of the sub-surface temperature maximum. While the data are currently too limited to incorporate time into the gridded structure, the data are extensive enough to produce maps of the entire region across three time-composite periods (2001–2005, 2006–2009 and 2010–2013), which can be used to determine how representative conclusions drawn from data collected along general RV transect lines are on a gyre scale perspective. The work presented here represents the technical prerequisite for addressing climatological research questions in forthcoming studies. The data sets are available in netCDF format at doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.842876.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2017-01-26
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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