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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal Anointment with Millipedes in a Wild Primate: A Chemical Defense Against Insects? (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 26 (2000), S. 2781-2790 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Capuchin monkey ; millipede ; benzoquinone ; anointment ; chemical defense ; insect deterrent ; carcinogen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Members of a wild group of wedge-capped capuchin monkeys (Cebus olivaceus) intentionally anoint themselves with millipedes (Orthoporus dorsovittatus). Chemical analysis revealed these millipedes secrete two benzoquinones, compounds known to be potently repellent to insects. We argue that the secretion that rubs off on the monkeys in the course of anointment provides protection against insects, particularly mosquitoes (and the bot flies they transmit) during the rainy season. Millipede secretion is so avidly sought by the monkeys that up to four of them will share a single millipede. The anointment must also entail risks, since benzoquinones are toxic and carcinogenic. We suggest that for capuchins the immediate benefits of anointment outweigh the long-range costs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026489826714
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Squirting and refilling: Dynamics ofp-benzoquinone production in defensive glands ofDiploptera punctata (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 2823-2834 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Diploptera punctata ; Orthoptera ; Blaberidae ; cockroach ; benzoquinone ; quinone ; chemical defense
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Diploptera punctata, a Pacific islands cockroach, discharges a fine aerosol ofp-benzoquinones from a pair of tracheal glands in response to disturbance or CO2 anesthesia. In addition, the glands and their contents are shed at each molt. We measured the amount ofp-benzoquinones discharged in response to pinching and anesthesia and the filling of glands after discharge and molting. Roaches discharge highly variable amounts of quinones but appear to retain approximately 11% of their lifetime total benzoquinone content after repeated discharges. Roaches rapidly fill their glands after molting (18Μg quinone/day) but after discharging appear to refill at a much slower rate or not at all. This lack of refilling could result from an inability to produce quinones after a finite time period or in excess of a fixed quantity. The delayed accumulation ofp-benzoquinone with respect to the alkylated derivatives in newly molted adults suggests competition for aromatic amino acids between cuticular and defensive quinone synthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00979476
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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