Note: Cover -- Titlepage -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Section 1 Genetically modified crops: policies and politics -- Chapter 1 - Genetically Modified Crops and Agricultural Innovation: An Analysis of Law and Policy -- 1 - Introduction -- 2 - Evolution and development of GM crops -- 3 - Changes brought about by GM crops in agricultural framework -- 4 - GM crops and scientific uncertainty -- 5 - Risk perceptions about GM crops and realty check -- 6 - GM crops and agricultural innovation -- 7 - Policy paradigm of agricultural innovation -- 8 - Regulatory issues relating to GM crops -- 9 - IP landscape of GM crops -- 9.1 - UPOV and plant varieties -- 9.2 - Patents in agricultural biotechnology: discovery versus invention prong -- 9.3 - Patent protection to plant genetic material -- 9.4 - Overlapping of patents and plant variety legislations -- 10 - GM crops and open innovation -- 11 - Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2 - GMO Policies and Practices: A Global Overview with Special Focus on Turkey -- 1 - Genetically modified crops: origin, growth, and adoption around the world -- 2 - Regulatory environment -- 3 - GM policy discussions, labeling debates, and consumers perceptions -- 3.1 - Consumers' perceptions of GMO benefits and risks -- 4 - Genetically modified crops in Turkey: historical development, regulatory, and policy environment -- 4.1 - Early debate on biotechnology in Turkey -- 4.2 - Legislative history and practices in Turkey -- 4.3 - Impact on trade -- 4.4 - Current status of biotechnology in Turkey -- 5 - Concluding remarks -- References -- Chapter 3 - Status and Policies of GM Crops in Russia -- 1 - Introduction -- 2 - Public and scholarly opinion -- 3 - Major case studies for genetically modified plants -- 4 - Policies framework of genetically modified organisms in Russia. , 5 - Regulation of genetically modified food crops/food products -- 6 - Regulations of research, production marketing, and biosafety issues -- 7 - Hierarchy of GM products management policy -- 8 - Future perspectives -- 9 - Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 4 - Genetically Modified Crops in India: Politics, Policies, and Political Economy -- 1 - Introduction -- 2 - Historical background of GM crops in India -- 3 - The narrative of biotechnology in India: social and political construction -- 4 - Agribiotech and intellectual property rights: consequences for marginal farmers -- 5 - Biosafety regulations in India: policies and political economy -- 6 - Biotechnology Regulatory Authority of India Bill 2013 (BRAI) -- 7 - Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5 - Genetically Modified Crops and Intellectual Property Rights: Indian Scenario -- 1 - Introduction -- 2 - Patent rights and their scope -- 3 - Trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights (TRIPS) agreement -- 4 - GM crops, IP, and rural development -- 5 - Legal analysis of the Indian plant patent regime -- 6 - Plants and intellectual property protection -- 7 - Patent protection to GM crops: position in India -- 8 - Patentability of gene in India -- 9 - Infringement under PPV& -- FR Act -- 10 - Patents related to GM crops -- 11 - Conclusion -- References -- Section 2 Genetically modified crops and global food security -- Chapter 6 - Contribution of Genetically Modified Crops in Agricultural Production: Success Stories -- 1 - Introduction -- 2 - GM cotton -- 3 - GM soybean -- 4 - GM maize -- 5 - GM canola -- 6 - GM rice -- 7 - GM potatoes -- 8 - GM papaya -- 9 - GM eggplant -- 10 - Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Genetically Modified Crops Changing the Food Insecurity Landscape of the Undernourished Regions of the World. , 1 - World food insecurity: current scenario and strategies -- 2 - Food insecurity landscape in the Asia and Africa -- 3 - Green revolution: feeding the hungry and undernourished -- 4 - Genetically engineered crops: a post green revolution -- 5 - Evaluating gene flow and its impact -- 6 - Rise of superweeds -- 7 - The clean gene technology: development of cleaner GE crops -- 8 - Steps toward sustainable agriculture -- 9 - GM crops and the sustainable world -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Further reading -- Chapter 8 - Impact of GM Crops on Agriculture Production: A Positive Reflection through Success Stories -- 1 - Introduction of GM crops in agriculture -- 2 - GM crops commercialization in different countries -- 3 - GMCs resistant to pests -- 4 - Herbicide resistant GM crops -- 5 - Crops engineered for nutritional amendments -- 6 - GMCs with enhanced biofuel production -- 7 - Status of GM crops in India -- 8 - Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 9 - GM Crops as a Food Security Solution -- 1 - Introduction -- 2 - Bottleneck of conventional methods and modern breeding technique -- 3 - Distribution of GM crops by countries -- 4 - Global acceptance of soybean, maize, cotton, and canola developed through GE technique -- 5 - GM crops and food safety -- 6 - India-global production status of GM crops -- 7 - Prominence of accepted crops obtained through GM technology used for food, feed, and cultivation -- 8 - Economic benefits of GM crops -- 9 - Contribution of Bt food crops for security and sustainability -- 10 - Summary and conclusion -- References -- Section 3 Genetically modified crops and sustainability in agriculture -- Chapter 10 - Genetically Modified Crops and Climate Change Adaptation -- 1 - Introduction -- 2 - Climate change: An immeasurable dynamism -- 3 - An interface of crops and climate change: A loop of feedbacks. , 4 - Genetically modified (GM) crop: An integration of green revolution or another level -- 5 - Challenges behind developing GM crops against climate change: A multifaceted problem -- 6 - Conclusions -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 11 - Sustainable Cultivation of GM Crops in the Age of Climate Change: A Global Perspective -- 1 - Introduction -- 2 - Need of GMCs over conventional agricultural crops -- 2.1 - Challenges associated with large-scale agricultural production -- 2.2 - Solutions offered by GMCs -- 3 - Controversies and problems associated with GMCs -- 3.1 - Losey's disagreement -- 3.2 - Séralini controversy -- 3.3 - A flawed technology -- 4 - GMCs and climate change -- 4.1 - Dissecting linkage between climate change and GMCs -- 4.2 - Polarized global opinions -- 5 - Is genomics a solution for making climate-ready crops? -- 5.1 - Recognizing haplotypes/elite alleles -- 5.2 - Genetic analysis of environmental change adaptability traits -- 5.3 - Next-generation crop breeding approach -- 6 - Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 12 - Aspects of Genetically Modified Plants in Removing Heavy Metals From the Soil -- 1 - Introduction -- 2 - Approaches for the restoration of contaminated soil -- 3 - GM plants used for the removal of HMs from soil -- 4 - Concerns in the use of GM organisms for remediation -- 5 - Conclusion and future perspectives -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Section 4 Genetically modified food: socio-ethical issues and regulatory challenges -- Chapter 13 - Public Acceptance of GM Foods: A Global Perspective (1999-2019) -- 1 - Introduction -- 2 - Global overview on the acceptance level of GM foods -- 2.1 - Europe -- 2.2 - North America -- 2.3 - Latin America -- 2.4 - Asia -- 3 - Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 14 - Evolution of Genetically Modified (GM) Crops and The Scared World -- Abbreviations. , 1 - Introduction -- 2 - A brief history of GM crops -- 3 - Why do we need GM crops? -- 3.1 - Population burst and increased food demand -- 3.2 - Decreased farm-land -- 3.3 - Conventional breeding limitations under changing climate -- 3.4 - Pests and diseases -- 4 - Public perception regarding GM crops: Myths versus evidences -- 5 - Global impact of GM crops -- 5.1 - Net production and income -- 5.2 - Pesticide and herbicide use -- 5.3 - Impact on environment -- 6 - Current status of GM crops -- 7 - Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 15 - Assessment of the Environmental and Health Impacts of Genetically Modified Crops -- 1 - Introduction -- 2 - Impact of GM crops on the environment -- 2.1 - Assessing the impact of GM crops through gene flow -- 2.2 - Assessing other environmental impacts of GM crops -- 2.2.1 - Effect on beneficial microorganisms -- 2.2.2 - Effect on endophytes and epiphytes -- 2.2.3 - Indirect effects -- 3 - Impact of GM crops on human health -- 3.1 - Impact of antibiotic resistance genes -- 3.2 - Allergenicity from GM products -- 4 - Policy issues in adoption of GM crops -- 5 - Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 16 - Food Safety Issues and Challenges of GM Crops -- 1 - Introduction -- 2 - What are GM crops and their advantages? -- 3 - Why GM crops have become so controversial? -- 4 - GM crops and the environment -- 5 - GM crops and biodiversity -- 6 - GM crops and their impact on health -- 7 - Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 17 - Health Risks and Environmental Concerns of GM Crop Adoption -- 1 - Introduction -- 2 - Environmental implications of GM crops -- 2.1 - Direct impact of GM crops on environment -- 2.1.1 - Transgenes transfer and genetic hazards of GM Crops -- 2.1.2 - Generation of super-weeds due to GM crops. , 2.1.3 - Effects of GM crops on non-targeted organisms.