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Digitale Medien

Unbiased cocaine conditioned place preferences (CPP) obscures conditioned locomotion, and nimodipine blockade of cocaine CPP is due to conditioned place aversions (1997)

Martin-Iverson, M. T. ; Reimer, Allan R. ; Sharma, Sudheer

Springer

Psychopharmacology 130 (1997), S. 327-333

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ISSN: 1432-2072

Schlagwort(e): Key words Cocaine ; Stimulants ; Nimodipine ; L-type Ca2+ channels ; Locomotor activity ; Conditioned place preferences ; Conditioned place aversions

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Medizin

Notizen: Abstract The effect of nimodipine (0, 0.1, 1.0 and 10 mg/kg, SC), a dihydropyridine L-type Ca2+ channel antagonist, on the establishment of cocaine-(10 mg/kg IP) conditioned place preferences (CPP) was investigated. Nimodipine produced conditioned place aversions (CPA) on its own; reductions in cocaine CPP are apparently due to this CPA. There is a high negative correlation between time spent in the CS+ compartment and the difference in locomotion rates between the CS+ and the non-drug (CS−) compartments, independent of drug effects. This relationship is responsible for an increased rate of locomotion observed in the CS− compartment in cocaine-conditioned rats. Analysis of covariance indicated that cocaine CPP occurred independently of cocaine’s effects on locomotion. Furthermore, cocaine produces an increase in the rate of locomotion in the CS+ compartment when time spent in this compartment is equated with time spent in the CS− compartment. This suggests that cocaine’s effects on CPP and “conditioned” locomotion are due to separate mechanisms of action. On the other hand, nimodipine-induced place aversions and locomotor rates are not independent of each other, indicating a common mechanism of action, or that one is a consequence of the other. It is concluded that place preferences and place aversions can sometimes be secondary to compartment-specific locomotor changes, and locomotion effects can be confounded by differential times spent in each compartment. The relationships between these two behaviours must be controlled for before conclusions of CPP or CPA can be drawn in drug conditioning studies.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050247

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Digitale Medien

Nimodipine and haloperidol attenuate behavioural sensitization to cocaine but only nimodipine blocks the establishment of conditioned locomotion induced by cocaine (1994)

Reimer, Allan R. ; Martin-Iverson, Mathew T.

Springer

Psychopharmacology 113 (1994), S. 404-410

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ISSN: 1432-2072

Schlagwort(e): Cocaine ; Nimodipine ; Haloperidol ; L-type Ca2+ channels ; Behavioral sensitization ; Classical conditioning ; Conditioned locomotion

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Medizin

Notizen: Abstract The classical conditioning of the behavioural effects of cocaine has been shown to contribute to behavioural sensitization. In the present experiments, it was demonstrated that the effects of cocaine in rats can be conditioned to contextual stimuli. Furthermore, sensitization to cocaine's locomotor effects were demonstrated, and shown to be context specific. Nimodipine (10 mg/kg, SC), an L-type dihydropyridine Ca2+ channel antagonist, appeared to completely block the establishment of conditioning of cocaine's effects, but only partially blocked sensitization to cocaine. Haloperidol (0.05 mg/kg, IP), a relatively specific D2 dopamine receptor antagonist, attenuated behavioral sensitization but had no influence on the establishment of the conditioned component of cocaine. These results indicate that the sensitization to, and the development of classical conditioning of, cocaine's behavioural effects can be pharmacologically dissociated, but that a non-associative process involved in sensitization is normally overridden by conditioning factors.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02245216

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Digitale Medien

Effects of nimodipine and/or haloperidol on the expression of conditioned locomotion and sensitization to cocaine in rats (1994)

Martin-Iverson, Mathew T. ; Reimer, Allan R.

Springer

Psychopharmacology 114 (1994), S. 315-320

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ISSN: 1432-2072

Schlagwort(e): Cocaine ; Nimodipine ; Haloperidol ; L-type Ca2+ channels ; Dopamine receptors ; Behavioral sensitization ; Conditioned locomotion

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Medizin

Notizen: Abstract The development of classical conditioning of cocaine's locomotor effects can be dissociated from the development of sensitization to cocaine by co-administration of haloperidol, a dopamine D2-like receptor antagonist, and nimodipine, an L-type calcium channel antagonist. The effects of these agents on theexpression of conditioning and sensitization are described in the present report. Rats were given injections of vehicle or cocaine (10 mg/kg, IP) for 10 days before placement in a specific context in which locomotor activity was recorded. Neither haloperidol (0.05 mg/kg, IP) nor nimodipine (10 mg/kg, SC) influenced the expression of classical conditioning of cocaine's locomotor effects to the situational context on a subsequent cocaine-free test. Combined treatment of rats with both drugs did block classical conditioning with cocaine. Nimodipine, but not haloperidol, blocked the expression of behavioural sensitization to cocaine after a cocaine challenge. It is concluded that the expression of cocaine-induced classical conditioning can be pharmacologically dissociated from the expression of behavioural sensitization to cocaine. Furthermore, the effects of nimodipine and haloperidol on the expression of conditioning and sensitization are different from their effects on the development of these phenomena.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02244854

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