Note: Intro -- Preface -- Introduction to the Second Edition -- Contents -- Chapter 1: An Introduction to the Dytiscidae: Their Diversity, Historical Importance, Cultural Significance, and Other Musings -- 1.1 Dytiscids Past and Present -- 1.2 Nature Red in Tooth and Clawand Mandible -- 1.3 Cultural Notes -- 1.4 Final Words -- References -- Chapter 2: Larval Chaetotaxy of World Dytiscidae (Coleoptera: Adephaga) and Implications for the Study of Hydradephaga -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 General Morphology of Dytiscidae Larvae -- 2.3 Chaetotaxy Analysis: Methodological Approach -- 2.4 Ground Plan Pattern of Primary Setae and Pores of the Dytiscidae -- 2.4.1 Cephalic Capsule -- 2.4.2 Head Appendages -- 2.4.3 Legs -- 2.4.4 Last Abdominal Segment -- 2.4.5 Urogomphus -- 2.5 Making the Wealth of the Dytiscidae Chaetotaxy Pattern Available for Study Other Hydradephaga Larvae -- 2.6 Larval Chaetotaxy and Ontogeny -- 2.7 Summary: Prospective Ideas -- References -- Chapter 3: The Phylogeny and Classification of Predaceous Diving Beetles (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.1.1 History of Dytiscidae systematics -- 3.1.2 Overview of Current Diving Beetle Classification -- 3.2 Material and Methods -- 3.2.1 Taxon Sampling -- 3.2.1.1 Ingroup -- 3.2.1.2 Outgroup -- 3.2.2 DNA -- 3.2.3 Morphology -- 3.2.4 Analysis -- 3.2.4.1 Alignment -- 3.2.4.2 Parsimony -- 3.2.4.3 Bayesian -- 3.3 Results -- 3.4 Discussion -- 3.5 Diving Beetle Phylogeny and Classification -- 3.5.1 Matinae Branden, 1885 -- 3.5.1.1 Type Genus -- 3.5.1.2 Diagnosis -- 3.5.1.3 Discussion -- 3.5.1.4 Taxon Content -- 3.5.2 Lancetinae Branden, 1885 -- 3.5.2.1 Type Genus -- 3.5.2.2 Diagnosis -- 3.5.2.3 Discussion -- 3.5.2.4 Taxon Content -- 3.5.3 Agabinae Thomson, 1867 -- 3.5.3.1 Type Genus -- 3.5.3.2 Diagnosis -- 3.5.3.3 Discussion -- 3.5.3.4 Taxon Content -- 3.5.4 Agabini Thomson, 1867. , 3.5.4.1 Type Genus -- 3.5.4.2 Diagnosis -- 3.5.4.3 Discussion -- 3.5.4.4 Taxon Content -- 3.5.5 Hydrotrupini Roughley, 2000 -- 3.5.5.1 Type Genus -- 3.5.5.2 Diagnosis -- 3.5.5.3 Discussion -- 3.5.5.4 Taxon Content -- 3.5.6 Colymbetinae Erichson, 1837 -- 3.5.6.1 Type Genus -- 3.5.6.2 Diagnosis -- 3.5.6.3 Discussion -- 3.5.6.4 Taxon Content -- 3.5.7 Copelatinae Branden, 1885 -- 3.5.7.1 Type Genus -- 3.5.7.2 Diagnosis -- 3.5.7.3 Discussion -- 3.5.7.4 Taxon Content -- 3.5.8 Laccophilinae Gistel, 1848 -- 3.5.8.1 Type Genus -- 3.5.8.2 Diagnosis -- 3.5.8.3 Discussion -- 3.5.8.4 Taxon Content -- 3.5.9 Agabetini Branden, 1885 -- 3.5.9.1 Type Genus -- 3.5.9.2 Diagnosis -- 3.5.9.3 Discussion -- 3.5.9.4 Taxon Content -- 3.5.10 Laccophilini Gistel, 1848 -- 3.5.10.1 Type Genus -- 3.5.10.2 Diagnosis -- 3.5.10.3 Discussion -- 3.5.10.4 Taxon Content -- 3.5.11 Cybistrinae Sharp, 1880 -- 3.5.11.1 Type Genus -- 3.5.11.2 Diagnosis -- 3.5.11.3 Discussion -- 3.5.11.4 Taxon Content -- 3.5.12 Dytiscinae Leach, 1815 -- 3.5.12.1 Type Genus -- 3.5.12.2 Diagnosis -- 3.5.12.3 Discussion -- 3.5.12.4 Taxon Content -- 3.5.13 Dytiscini Leach, 1815 -- 3.5.13.1 Type Genus -- 3.5.13.2 Diagnosis -- 3.5.13.3 Discussion -- 3.5.13.4 Taxon Content -- 3.5.14 Hydaticini Sharp, 1880 -- 3.5.14.1 Type Genus -- 3.5.14.2 Diagnosis -- 3.5.14.3 Discussion -- 3.5.14.4 Taxon Content -- 3.5.15 Aubehydrini Guignot, 1942 -- 3.5.15.1 Type Genus -- 3.5.15.2 Diagnosis -- 3.5.15.3 Discussion -- 3.5.15.4 Taxon Content -- 3.5.16 Eretini Crotch, 1873 -- 3.5.16.1 Type Genus -- 3.5.16.2 Diagnosis -- 3.5.16.3 Discussion -- 3.5.16.4 Taxon Content -- 3.5.17 Aciliini Thomson, 1867 -- 3.5.17.1 Type Genus -- 3.5.17.2 Diagnosis -- 3.5.17.3 Discussion -- 3.5.17.4 Taxon Content -- 3.5.18 Coptotominae Branden, 1885 -- 3.5.18.1 Type Genus -- 3.5.18.2 Diagnosis -- 3.5.18.3 Discussion -- 3.5.18.4 Taxon Content. , 3.5.19 Hydrodytinae Miller, 2001 -- 3.5.19.1 Type Genus -- 3.5.19.2 Diagnosis -- 3.5.19.3 Discussion -- 3.5.19.4 Taxon Content -- 3.5.20 Hydroporinae Aubé, 1836 -- 3.5.20.1 Type Genus -- 3.5.20.2 Diagnosis -- 3.5.20.3 Discussion -- 3.5.20.4 Taxon Content -- 3.5.21 Laccornini Wolfe and Roughley, 1990 -- 3.5.21.1 Type Genus -- 3.5.21.2 Diagnosis -- 3.5.21.3 Discussion -- 3.5.21.4 Taxon Content -- 3.5.22 Laccornellini, Miller and Bergsten, 2014 -- 3.5.22.1 Type Genus -- 3.5.22.2 Diagnosis -- 3.5.22.3 Discussion -- 3.5.22.4 Taxon Content -- 3.5.23 Hydroporini Aubé, 1836 -- 3.5.23.1 Type Genus -- 3.5.23.2 Diagnosis -- 3.5.23.3 Discussion -- 3.5.23.4 Taxon Content -- 3.5.24 Hydroporina Aubé, 1836 -- 3.5.24.1 Type Genus -- 3.5.24.2 Diagnosis -- 3.5.24.3 Discussion -- 3.5.24.4 Taxon Content -- 3.5.25 Deronectina Galewski, 1994 -- 3.5.25.1 Type Genus -- 3.5.25.2 Diagnosis -- 3.5.25.3 Discussion -- 3.5.25.4 Taxon Content -- 3.5.26 Siettitiina Smrz, 1982 -- 3.5.26.1 Type Genus -- 3.5.26.2 Diagnosis -- 3.5.26.3 Discussion -- 3.5.26.4 Taxon Content -- 3.5.27 Sternopriscina Branden, 1885 -- 3.5.27.1 Type Genus -- 3.5.27.2 Diagnosis -- 3.5.27.3 Discussion -- 3.5.27.4 Taxon Content -- 3.5.28 Vatellini Sharp, 1880 -- 3.5.28.1 Type Genus -- 3.5.28.2 Diagnosis -- 3.5.28.3 Discussion -- 3.5.28.4 Taxon Content -- 3.5.29 Methlini Branden, 1885 -- 3.5.29.1 Type Genus -- 3.5.29.2 Diagnosis -- 3.5.29.3 Discussion -- 3.5.29.4 Taxon Content -- 3.5.30 Hydrovatini Sharp, 1880 -- 3.5.30.1 Type Genus -- 3.5.30.2 Diagnosis -- 3.5.30.3 Discussion -- 3.5.30.4 Taxon Content -- 3.5.31 Pachydrini Biström, Nilsson and Wewalka, 1997 -- 3.5.31.1 Type Genus -- 3.5.31.2 Diagnosis -- 3.5.31.3 Discussion -- 3.5.31.4 Taxon Content -- 3.5.32 Hygrotini Portevin, 1929 -- 3.5.32.1 Type Genus -- 3.5.32.2 Diagnosis -- 3.5.32.3 Discussion -- 3.5.32.4 Taxon Content -- 3.5.33 Hyphydrini Gistel, 1848. , 3.5.33.1 Type Genus -- 3.5.33.2 Diagnosis -- 3.5.33.3 Discussion -- 3.5.33.4 Taxon Content -- 3.5.34 Bidessini Sharp, 1880 -- 3.5.34.1 Type Genus -- 3.5.34.2 Diagnosis -- 3.5.34.3 Discussion -- 3.5.34.4 Taxon Content -- 3.6 Family-Group Classification of Dytiscidae Leach, 1815 -- 3.7 Future Directions -- Appendix -- References -- Chapter 4: Predaceous Diving Beetle Sexual Systems -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Sexual Variation -- 4.2.1 Secondary Sexual Dimorphisms -- 4.2.1.1 Chemical -- 4.2.1.2 Acoustic -- 4.2.1.3 Morphology -- 4.2.2 Genitalia -- 4.2.2.1 Male Genitalia -- 4.2.2.2 Female Genitalia -- 4.2.3 Sperm -- 4.3 Dytiscid Sexual Systems -- 4.3.1 Pre-insemination Sexual Systems -- 4.3.2 Post-insemination Sexual Systems -- 4.4 Summary -- 4.5 Future Directions -- References -- Chapter 5: Morphology, Anatomy, and Physiological Aspects of Dytiscids -- 5.1 External Morphology -- 5.1.1 External Morphology of Adults -- 5.1.2 External Morphology of Larvae -- 5.1.3 External Morphology of Pupae -- 5.2 Internal Anatomy and Physiology -- 5.2.1 Digestive System and Digestion -- 5.2.2 Reproductive System -- 5.2.3 Muscles of Thorax -- 5.2.4 Nervous System -- 5.2.5 Respiration and Tracheal System -- 5.3 Future Directions -- References -- Chapter 6: Chemical Ecology and Biochemistry of Dytiscidae -- 6.1 Chemical Ecology of Freshwater Organisms -- 6.2 Chemical Senses -- 6.3 Intraspecific Interactions: Sex Pheromones -- 6.4 Interspecific Interactions -- 6.4.1 Kairomones and Other Allelochemicals -- 6.4.1.1 Dytiscid Prey and Fish Predators -- 6.4.1.2 Dytiscids Predators and Vertebrate Prey -- 6.4.1.3 Dytiscid Predators and Egg-Laying Prey -- 6.4.2 Allomones -- 6.4.2.1 Pygidial Glands -- 6.4.2.1.1 Chemistry of the Pygidial Glands and Distribution of Pygidial Gland Constituents within Dytiscidae and Hydradephaga. , 6.4.2.1.2 Biological Activity of Pygidial Gland Secretions and their Regeneration -- 6.4.2.2 Prothoracic Defensive Glands -- 6.4.2.2.1 Chemistry of the Prothoracic Defensive Glands, Emphasizing those Species with Steroidal Vertebrate Hormones -- 6.4.2.2.2 Biological Activity and Regeneration of Prothoracic Gland Secretions -- 6.4.3 Other Exocrine Glands -- 6.5 Dermal Glands, Epicuticular Lipids, and Body Coloration by Pigments -- 6.5.1 Dermal Glands and Epicuticular Lipids -- 6.5.2 Epicuticular Lipids -- 6.5.3 Coloration of the Integument -- 6.6 Bacteria and Fungi from Dytiscids -- 6.6.1 Taxonomically Identified Culturable Bacterial Strains from the Dytiscid Beetle Gut, and their Steroid Metabolism under L... -- 6.6.2 Taxonomically Identified Culturable Bacterial Strains from the Dytiscid Beetle Gut and their Secondary Metabolites Produ... -- 6.6.3 Non-Culturable Bacteria from Predaceous Diving Beetles -- 6.6.4 Taxonomically Identified and Culturable Fungi from Aquatic Insects and Especially Dytiscid Beetles -- 6.7 Hemolymph: Aspects Concerning Internal Defense, Hemostasis, and Regeneration Focusing on Dytiscidae -- 6.7.1 Internal Defense -- 6.7.2 Melanization Pathway in Insect Hemolymph and Role of the Key Component Phenoloxidase -- 6.7.3 Hemostasis and Regeneration of Body Appendages -- 6.8 Future Directions -- References -- Chapter 7: Community Patterns in Dytiscids -- 7.1 An Introduction to Natural Communities -- 7.2 Random vs. Non-random Distributions -- 7.3 Ecological Similarity -- 7.4 Dispersal -- 7.5 Phylogenetic Community Composition -- 7.6 Summary and Future Directions -- References -- Chapter 8: Predator-Prey Ecology of Dytiscids -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Dytiscid Diets and Selective Predation -- 8.3 Consumptive and Non-consumptive Effects of Dytiscid Predation -- 8.4 Cannibalism and Intraguild Predation. , 8.5 Dytiscids as Predators of Vector and Nuisance Species.

Note: Intro -- Foreword -- Books on Diving Beetles -- Why Predaceous Diving Beetles? -- From Local to Global -- World Catalogue Data -- Molecules Rule -- Synthesis or Filling in the Gaps -- In a Book and Everywhere -- References -- Preface -- Contents -- Chapter 1: An Introduction to the Dytiscidae: Their Diversity, Historical Importance, Cultural Significance, and Other Musings -- 1.1 Dytiscids Past and Present -- 1.2 Nature Red in Tooth and Claw…and Mandible -- 1.3 Cultural Notes -- 1.4 Final Words -- References -- Chapter 2: Bridging Ecology and Systematics: 25 Years of Study of Larval Morphology of World Dytiscidae -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 General Morphology of Dytiscidae Larvae -- 2.3 Chaetotaxy Analysis: Methodological Approach -- 2.4 Ground Plan Pattern of Primary Setae and Pores of the Dytiscidae -- 2.4.1 Cephalic Capsule -- 2.4.1.1 Frontoclypeus -- 2.4.1.2 Parietale -- 2.4.2 Head Appendages -- 2.4.2.1 Antenna -- 2.4.2.2 Mandible -- 2.4.2.3 Maxilla -- 2.4.2.4 Labium -- 2.4.3 Legs -- 2.4.3.1 Coxa -- 2.4.3.2 Trochanter -- 2.4.3.3 Femur -- 2.4.3.4 Tibia -- 2.4.3.5 Tarsus -- 2.4.3.6 Pretarsus -- 2.4.4 Last Abdominal Segment -- 2.4.5 Urogomphus -- 2.5 Larval Chaetotaxy and Ontogeny -- 2.6 Bridging Ecology and Systematics -- 2.7 Summary and Future Directions -- References -- Chapter 3: The Phylogeny and Classification of Predaceous Diving Beetles -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.1.1 History of Dytiscidae Systematics -- 3.1.2 Overview of Current Diving Beetle Classification -- 3.2 Material and Methods -- 3.2.1 Taxon Sampling -- 3.2.1.1 Ingroup -- 3.2.1.2 Outgroup -- 3.2.2 DNA -- 3.2.3 Morphology -- 3.2.4 Analysis -- 3.2.4.1 Alignment -- 3.2.4.2 Parsimony -- 3.2.4.3 Bayesian -- 3.3 Results -- 3.4 Discussion -- 3.5 Diving Beetle Phylogeny and Classification -- 3.5.1 Matinae Branden, 1885 -- 3.5.1.1 Type Genus -- 3.5.1.2 Diagnosis -- 3.5.1.3 Discussion. , 3.5.1.4 Taxon Content -- 3.5.2 Lancetinae Branden, 1885 -- 3.5.2.1 Type Genus -- 3.5.2.2 Diagnosis -- 3.5.2.3 Discussion -- 3.5.2.4 Taxon Content -- 3.5.3 Agabinae Thomson, 1867 -- 3.5.3.1 Type Genus -- 3.5.3.2 Diagnosis -- 3.5.3.3 Discussion -- 3.5.3.4 Taxon Content -- 3.5.4 Agabini Thomson, 1867 -- 3.5.4.1 Type Genus -- 3.5.4.2 Diagnosis -- 3.5.4.3 Discussion -- 3.5.4.4 Taxon Content -- 3.5.5 Hydrotrupini Roughley, 2000 -- 3.5.5.1 Type Genus -- 3.5.5.2 Diagnosis -- 3.5.5.3 Discussion -- 3.5.5.4 Taxon Content -- 3.5.6 Colymbetinae Erichson, 1837 -- 3.5.6.1 Type Genus -- 3.5.6.2 Diagnosis -- 3.5.6.3 Discussion -- 3.5.6.4 Taxon Content -- 3.5.7 Copelatinae Branden, 1885 -- 3.5.7.1 Type Genus -- 3.5.7.2 Diagnosis -- 3.5.7.3 Discussion -- 3.5.7.4 Taxon Content -- 3.5.8 Laccophilinae Gistel, 1848 -- 3.5.8.1 Type Genus -- 3.5.8.2 Diagnosis -- 3.5.8.3 Discussion -- 3.5.8.4 Taxon Content -- 3.5.9 Agabetini Branden, 1885 -- 3.5.9.1 Type Genus -- 3.5.9.2 Diagnosis -- 3.5.9.3 Discussion -- 3.5.9.4 Taxon Content -- 3.5.10 Laccophilini Gistel, 1848 -- 3.5.10.1 Type Genus -- 3.5.10.2 Diagnosis -- 3.5.10.3 Discussion -- 3.5.10.4 Taxon Content -- 3.5.11 Cybistrinae Sharp, 1880, New Status -- 3.5.11.1 Type Genus -- 3.5.11.2 Diagnosis -- 3.5.11.3 Discussion -- 3.5.11.4 Taxon Content -- 3.5.12 Dytiscinae Leach, 1815 -- 3.5.12.1 Type Genus -- 3.5.12.2 Diagnosis -- 3.5.12.3 Discussion -- 3.5.12.4 Taxon Content -- 3.5.13 Dytiscini Leach, 1815 -- 3.5.13.1 Type Genus -- 3.5.13.2 Diagnosis -- 3.5.13.3 Discussion -- 3.5.13.4 Taxon Content -- 3.5.14 Hydaticini Sharp, 1880 -- 3.5.14.1 Type Genus -- 3.5.14.2 Diagnosis -- 3.5.14.3 Discussion -- 3.5.14.4 Taxon Content -- 3.5.15 Aubehydrini Guignot, 1942 -- 3.5.15.1 Type Genus -- 3.5.15.2 Diagnosis -- 3.5.15.3 Discussion -- 3.5.15.4 Taxon Content -- 3.5.16 Eretini Crotch, 1873 -- 3.5.16.1 Type Genus -- 3.5.16.2 Diagnosis. , 3.5.16.3 Discussion -- 3.5.16.4 Taxon Content -- 3.5.17 Aciliini Thomson, 1867 -- 3.5.17.1 Type Genus -- 3.5.17.2 Diagnosis -- 3.5.17.3 Discussion -- 3.5.17.4 Taxon Content -- 3.5.18 Coptotominae Branden, 1885 -- 3.5.18.1 Type Genus -- 3.5.18.2 Diagnosis -- 3.5.18.3 Discussion -- 3.5.18.4 Taxon Content -- 3.5.19 Hydrodytinae Miller, 2001 -- 3.5.19.1 Type Genus -- 3.5.19.2 Diagnosis -- 3.5.19.3 Discussion -- 3.5.19.4 Taxon Content -- 3.5.20 Hydroporinae Aubé, 1836 -- 3.5.20.1 Type Genus -- 3.5.20.2 Diagnosis -- 3.5.20.3 Discussion -- 3.5.20.4 Taxon Content -- 3.5.21 Laccornini Wolfe and Roughley, 1990 -- 3.5.21.1 Type Genus -- 3.5.21.2 Diagnosis -- 3.5.21.3 Discussion -- 3.5.21.4 Taxon Content -- 3.5.22 Laccornellini, New Tribe -- 3.5.22.1 Type Genus -- 3.5.22.2 Diagnosis -- 3.5.22.3 Discussion -- 3.5.22.4 Taxon Content -- 3.5.23 Hydroporini Aubé, 1836 -- 3.5.23.1 Type Genus -- 3.5.23.2 Diagnosis -- 3.5.23.3 Discussion -- 3.5.23.4 Taxon Content -- 3.5.24 Hydroporina Aubé, 1836 -- 3.5.24.1 Type Genus -- 3.5.24.2 Diagnosis -- 3.5.24.3 Discussion -- 3.5.24.4 Taxon Content -- 3.5.25 Deronectina Galewski, 1994 -- 3.5.25.1 Type Genus -- 3.5.25.2 Diagnosis -- 3.5.25.3 Discussion -- 3.5.25.4 Taxon Content -- 3.5.26 Siettitiina Smrž, 1982 -- 3.5.26.1 Type Genus -- 3.5.26.2 Diagnosis -- 3.5.26.3 Discussion -- 3.5.26.4 Taxon Content -- 3.5.27 Sternopriscina Branden, 1885 -- 3.5.27.1 Type Genus -- 3.5.27.2 Diagnosis -- 3.5.27.3 Discussion -- 3.5.27.4 Taxon Content -- 3.5.28 Vatellini Sharp, 1880 -- 3.5.28.1 Type Genus -- 3.5.28.2 Diagnosis -- 3.5.28.3 Discussion -- 3.5.28.4 Taxon Content -- 3.5.29 Methlini Branden, 1885 -- 3.5.29.1 Type Genus -- 3.5.29.2 Diagnosis -- 3.5.29.3 Discussion -- 3.5.29.4 Taxon Content -- 3.5.30 Hydrovatini Sharp, 1880 -- 3.5.30.1 Type Genus -- 3.5.30.2 Diagnosis -- 3.5.30.3 Discussion -- 3.5.30.4 Taxon Content. , 3.5.31 Pachydrini Biström, Nilsson and Wewalka, 1997 -- 3.5.31.1 Type Genus -- 3.5.31.2 Diagnosis -- 3.5.31.3 Discussion -- 3.5.31.4 Taxon Content -- 3.5.32 Hygrotini Portevin, 1929 -- 3.5.32.1 Type Genus -- 3.5.32.2 Diagnosis -- 3.5.32.3 Discussion -- 3.5.32.4 Taxon Content -- 3.5.33 Hyphydrini Gistel, 1848 -- 3.5.33.1 Type Genus -- 3.5.33.2 Diagnosis -- 3.5.33.3 Discussion -- 3.5.33.4 Taxon Content -- 3.5.34 Bidessini Sharp, 1880 -- 3.5.34.1 Type Genus -- 3.5.34.2 Diagnosis -- 3.5.34.3 Discussion -- 3.5.34.4 Taxon Content -- 3.6 Family-Group Classification of Dytiscidae Leach, 1815 -- 3.7 Future Directions -- Appendix -- Head -- Thorax -- Abdomen -- Elytron -- Legs -- Internal -- Male Genitalia -- Female Gentalia -- Habitat -- References -- Chapter 4: Morphology, Anatomy, and Physiological Aspects of Dytiscids -- 4.1 External Morphology -- 4.1.1 External Morphology of Adults -- 4.1.2 External Morphology of Larvae -- 4.1.3 External Morphology of Pupae -- 4.2 Internal Anatomy and Physiology -- 4.2.1 Digestive System and Digestion -- 4.2.2 Reproductive System -- 4.2.3 Muscles of Thorax -- 4.2.4 Nervous System -- 4.2.5 Respiration and Tracheal System -- 4.3 Future Directions -- References -- Chapter 5: Predaceous Diving Beetle Sexual Systems -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Sexual Variation -- 5.2.1 Secondary Sexual Dimorphisms -- 5.2.1.1 Chemical -- 5.2.1.2 Acoustic -- 5.2.1.3 Morphology -- 5.2.2 Genitalia -- 5.2.2.1 Male Genitalia -- 5.2.2.2 Female Genitalia -- 5.2.3 Sperm -- 5.3 Dytiscid Sexual Systems -- 5.3.1 Pre-insemination Sexual Systems -- 5.3.2 Post-insemination Sexual Systems -- 5.4 Summary -- 5.5 Future Directions -- References -- Chapter 6: Chemical Ecology and Biochemistry of Dytiscidae -- 6.1 Chemical Ecology of Freshwater Organisms -- 6.2 Chemical Senses -- 6.3 Intraspecific Interactions: Sex-Pheromones -- 6.4 Interspecific Interactions. , 6.4.1 Kairomones and Other Allelochemicals -- 6.4.1.1 Dytiscid Prey and Fish Predators -- 6.4.1.2 Dytiscids Predators and Vertebrate Prey -- 6.4.1.3 Dytiscid Predators and Egg-Laying Prey -- 6.4.2 Allomones -- 6.4.2.1 Pygidial Glands -- 6.4.2.1.1 Chemistry of the Pygidial Glands and Distribution of Pygidial Gland Constituents Within Dytiscidae and Hydradephaga -- 6.4.2.1.2 Biological Activity of Pygidial Gland Secretions and Their Regeneration -- 6.4.2.2 Prothoracic Defensive Glands -- 6.4.2.2.1 Chemistry of the Prothoracic Defensive Glands, Emphasizing Those Species with Steroidal Vertebrate Hormones -- 6.4.2.2.2 Biological Activity and Regeneration of Prothoracic Gland Secretions -- 6.4.3 Other Exocrine Glands -- 6.5 Dermal Glands, Epicuticular Lipids, and Body Coloration by Pigments -- 6.5.1 Dermal Glands and Epicuticular Lipids -- 6.5.2 Epicuticular Lipids -- 6.5.3 Coloration of the Integument -- 6.6 Microorganisms and Dytiscids -- 6.6.1 Taxonomically Identified Culturable Strains from the Dytiscid Beetle Gut, and Their Steroid Metabolism Under Laboratory Conditions -- 6.6.2 Taxonomically Identified Culturable Strains from the Dytiscid Beetle Gut and Their Secondary Metabolites Produced Under Laboratory Conditions -- 6.6.3 Non Culturable Microorganisms from Predaceous Diving Beetles -- 6.7 Future Directions -- References -- Chapter 7: Habitats -- 7.1 Defining Habitats -- 7.2 Classifying Habitats -- 7.3 Abiotic Habitat Conditions -- 7.3.1 Lentic Versus Lotic Habitats -- 7.3.2 Springs -- 7.3.3 Permanency -- 7.3.4 Salinity -- 7.3.5 pH -- 7.3.6 Temperature -- 7.3.7 Habitat Size and Steepness -- 7.3.8 Additional Abiotic Habitat Variables -- 7.4 Biotic Interactions -- 7.5 Plant-Dytiscid Relationships -- 7.6 Habitat Specificity -- 7.7 Future Directions -- References -- Chapter 8: Predator-Prey Interactions of Dytiscids -- 8.1 Introduction. , 8.2 What Do Dytiscids Eat?.