Keywords:
Climatic changes.
;
Electronic books.
Description / Table of Contents:
Bringing together many of the world's leading experts, this volume is a comprehensive review of climate change science, impacts, mitigation, adaptation, and policy. This book will be invaluable for graduate students, researchers and policymakers interested in all aspects of climate change and the issues that surround it.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
Pages:
1 online resource (458 pages)
Edition:
1st ed.
ISBN:
9780511365690
URL:
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=321450
DDC:
551.6
Language:
English
Note:
Cover -- Half-Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Part I Climate system science -- Introduction -- 1 The concept of climate sensitivity: history and development -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 History of the climate sensitivity concept (CSC) -- 1.3 Recent developments -- 1.4 Future perspectives -- 1.5 Concluding remarks -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 2 Effect of black carbon on mid-troposphere and surface temperature trends -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Observed surface and mid-troposphere temperature trends -- 2.3 Modeled trends and the effects of carbonaceous aerosols -- 2.4 Results and discussion -- 2.5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 3 Evaluating the impacts of carbonaceous aerosols on clouds and climate -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Model description -- 3.3 Aerosol indirect effect on warm clouds -- 3.3.1 Black carbon aerosol effects on clouds -- 3.3.2 Aerosol effects on convective clouds -- 3.3.3 Regional impacts of aerosols on clouds and climate -- Black carbon aerosol effects on regional climate -- Effects of biomass aerosols over Amazonia -- 3.4 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 4 Probabilistic estimates of climate change: methods, assumptions and examples -- 4.1 Introduction to approaches to estimating future climate change -- 4.2 State-of-the-art climate models -- 4.3 Sensitivity to parameters, parameterizations and models -- 4.4 Statistical estimation using observational constraints -- 4.4.1 Introduction to components of an estimation problem -- 4.4.2 Modeled climate -- Modeled climate response to forcing -- Climate forcing: observations and modeling -- Modeled climate variability -- 4.4.3 Modeled observations -- 4.4.4 Statistical estimation: methods, assumptions and examples -- 4.5 Conclusions -- References.
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5 The potential response of historical terrestrial carbon storage to changes in land use, atmospheric CO2, and climate -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Methods -- 5.2.1 The model -- 5.2.2 The data -- 5.2.3 Model simulation experiments -- 5.3 Results -- 5.3.1 Net land-atmosphere carbon flux -- 5.3.2 Climate and CO2 fertilization feedbacks -- 5.3.3 Land use emissions -- 5.4 Discussion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 6 The albedo climate impacts of biomass and carbon plantations compared with the CO2 impact -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Scenarios and assumptions -- 6.2.1 Scenario development -- 6.2.2 Geographic potential for biomass and carbon plantations -- 6.3 Description of models and further specification of scenario experiments -- 6.3.1 IMAGE-2.2 model and experiment set-up -- 6.3.2 The IMAGE energy model TIMER -- 6.3.3 The IMAGE terrestrial models -- 6.3.4 The three land-use change experiments with IMAGE -- 6.3.5 ECBilt-CLIO model and experiment set-up -- 6.4 Impacts of plantations on CO2, albedo and climate -- 6.4.1 Impacts on CO2 -- 6.4.2 Impacts on albedo -- 6.4.3 Impacts on climate -- 6.5 Discussion and conclusions -- References -- 7 Overshoot pathways to CO2 stabilization in a multi-gas context -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Future CO2, CH4 and N2O concentrations -- 7.3 Implications for CO2 emissions -- 7.4 Temperature and sea-level implications -- 7.5 Conclusions -- References -- 8 Effects of air pollution control on climate: results from an integrated global system model -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 A chemistry primer -- 8.3 Integrated Global System Model -- 8.4 Numerical experiments -- 8.4.1 Effects on concentrations -- 8.4.2 Effects on ecosystems -- 8.4.3 Economic effects -- 8.4.4 Effects on temperature and sea level -- 8.5 Summary and conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Part II Impacts and adaptation -- Introduction -- References.
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9 Dynamic forecasts of the sectoral impacts of climate change -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Climate models -- 9.3 Impact model -- 9.4 Results -- 9.5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 10 Assessing impacts and responses to global-mean sea-level rise -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Sea-level rise, impacts and responses -- 10.3 Regional to global assessments -- 10.3.1 Impact analyses -- Coastal flooding -- Coastal wetlands -- 10.3.2 Economic analyses -- Direct cost estimates -- Economy-wide impact estimates -- Adaptation analysis -- 10.4 Sub-national to national assessments -- 10.4.1 National-scale flood risk analysis -- 10.4.2 Sub-national-scale analysis -- 10.5 Discussion/conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 11 Developments in health models for integrated assessments -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Projecting the health impacts of climate change -- 11.2.1 Individual disease models -- 11.2.2 Applying a quantitative relationship between socio-economic development and malaria -- 11.2.3 Global Burden of Disease study -- 11.3 Projecting the health benefits of controlling greenhouse gas emissions -- 11.4 Projecting the economic costs of the health impacts of climate change -- 11.5 Health transitions -- 11.5.1 Population health model -- 11.6 Future directions in the development of health impact models -- 11.7 Conclusions -- References -- 12 The impact of climate change on tourism and recreation -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 The importance of climate and weather for tourism and recreation -- 12.2.1 Attitudinal studies -- 12.2.2 Behavioral studies -- 12.3 The impact of climate change on tourism and recreation -- 12.3.1 Qualitative impact studies -- 12.3.2 Impact on the supply of tourism services -- 12.3.3 Impact on climatic attractiveness -- 12.3.4 The impact on demand -- 12.3.5 Impact on global tourism flows -- 12.4 Discussion and conclusion.
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Acknowledgements -- References -- 13 Using adaptive capacity to gain access to the decision-intensive ministries -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 The state of knowledge about adaptation in 2004 -- 13.3 Some insights from the economics literature -- 13.4 Opening the doors to the decision-intensive ministries -- 13.5 Concluding remarks -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 14 The impacts of climate change on Africa -- 14.1 Background -- 14.2 The analytical framework -- 14.3 Results -- 14.4 Conclusion -- References -- Part III Mitigation of greenhouse gases -- Introduction -- 15 Bottom-up modeling of energy and greenhouse gas emissions: approaches, results, and challenges to inclusion of end-use technologies -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Bottom-up assessment structure and models -- 15.3 Accounting models: salient results -- 15.4 Other bottom-up models: costs and carbon emissions projections -- 15.5 Key challenges in the bottom-up modeling approach -- 15.5.1 Conceptual framework: factors, potentials, and transaction costs -- 15.5.2 Empirical evidence of the influence of factors -- Accounting for transaction costs -- Accounting for technological change -- Inclusion of non-energy benefits -- Aggregation over time, regions, sectors, and consumers -- 15.6 Summary -- References -- 16 Technology in an integrated assessment model: the potential regional deployment of carbon capture and storage in the context of global CO2 stabilization -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 A regionally disaggregated CO2 storage potential -- 16.3 Analysis cases -- 16.4 Modeling tools -- 16.5 The reference scenario -- 16.6 Carbon dioxide concentrations and the global value of carbon -- 16.7 The regional marginal cost of storage -- 16.8 The regional pattern of cumulative CO2 storage over the twenty-first century -- 16.9 Technology choice and regional storage -- 16.10 The economic value of CCS.
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16.11 Final remarks -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 17 Hydrogen for light-duty vehicles: opportunities and barriers in the United States -- 17.1 Underlying energy policy issues -- 17.2 Hydrogen: an emerging energy carrier? -- 17.3 Hydrogen for light duty vehicles: the opportunity -- 17.3.1 Unit carbon dioxide releases of hydrogen production technologies -- 17.3.2 Unit costs of hydrogen production technologies -- 17.3.3 Three scenarios of vehicle technology adoption -- Light duty vehicles in the three scenarios -- Fuel use by light duty vehicles in the three scenarios -- Carbon dioxide emissions by light duty vehicles in the three scenarios -- 17.4 Hydrogen for light duty vehicles: the barriers -- 17.4.1 Demand-side technology barriers in vehicles -- 17.4.2 Supply-side technology barriers -- 17.4.3 Fueling cost barriers hydrogen to production -- 17.4.4 Fueling cost barriers: hydrogen retailing/other infrastructure -- 17.4.5 Resource limitations -- Natural gas supply and demand -- Resources for geological storage -- Land for biomass -- Coal industry expansion -- 17.4.6 Other barriers to consumer adoption -- 17.4.7 Competitive technologies -- 17.5 In summary -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 18 The role of expectations in modeling costs of climate change policies -- 18.1 Introduction -- 18.2 Modeling with perfect foresight -- 18.2.1 Basic structure of the multi-region national model -- 18.2.2 Data -- 18.2.3 Benchmarking -- 18.2.4 Sectoral disaggregation -- 18.2.5 Time horizon -- 18.2.6 Policy instruments -- 18.2.7 Representation of production and consumption decisions -- 18.2.8 Representation of international trade -- 18.2.9 MRN's personal automobile use component -- 18.2.10 Tax instruments -- 18.2.11 Welfare measurement -- 18.3 Defining policy scenarios for the long term -- 18.3.1 Background.
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18.3.2 Three alternative extensions of the McCain-Lieberman Phase I cap.
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